mysql高可用方案之主主架构(master-master)
mysql的主从是将主服务器操作记录写入二进制日志文件,然后通过mysql dump线程将日志传到从服务器中继日志中,从服务器在中继日志读取信息并执行.mysql主主架构原理和主从差不多,只是两台服务器都要开启二进制日志文件,并互相传送给对方读取日志中的内容,使数据同步.两台服务器可以同时读也可以同时写,但不能解决单点故障. 环境规划: 主机名:tong2 IP:192.168.1.248 主机名:tong3 IP:192.168.1.249 数据库:mysql-5.6.21 1.配置服务器网络环境 tong2节点: [root@tong2 ~]# ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:D2:C7:17:E8 inet addr:192.168.1.248 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:fec7:17e8/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3118346 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:16271 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:201242719 (191.9 MiB) TX bytes:1754452 (1.6 MiB) [root@tong2 ~]# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.1.248 tong2 192.168.1.249 tong3 [root@tong2 ~]# tong3节点: [root@tong3 ~]# ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:D2:C8:F7:50 inet addr:192.168.1.249 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:fec8:f750/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5055594 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:96641 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:580382285 (553.4 MiB) TX bytes:7055569 (6.7 MiB) [root@tong3 ~]# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.1.248 tong2 192.168.1.249 tong3 [root@tong3 ~]# 2.下载安装mysql-5.6.21软件 tong2节点和tong3节点: http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/ --下载关于mysql的软件 [root@tong2 ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-* --安装所有的mysql软件包 3.修改配置文件 tong2节点: [root@tong2 ~]# vim /usr/my.cnf --在配置文件中添加如下内容 server_id = 10 --服务器的id号 log-bin=mysql-bin --二进制日志文件 log-bin-index=mysql-bin-index --索引文件 relay-log=relay-bin --中继日志文件 relay-log-index=relay-bin-index --中继索引文件 replicate-do-db=tong--要同步的数据库 auto_increment_offset=1 --设置服务器交叉读写数据 auto_increment_increment=2 [root@tong2 ~]# tong3节点: [root@tong3 ~]# vim /usr/my.cnf server_id = 20 log-bin=mysql-bin log-bin-index=mysql-bin-index relay-log=relay-bin relay-log-index=relay-bin-index replicate-do-db=tong auto_increment_offset=2 auto_increment_increment=2 [root@tong3 ~]# 3.登陆数据库并创建用户 tong2节点: [root@tong2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart --重启服务 Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@tong2 ~]# netstat -antup | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 8508/mysqld [root@tong2 ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.6.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> create database tong; --创建要同步的数据库 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to'tong2'@'192.168.1.249'identified by 'system'; --创建复制用户 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> tong3节点: [root@tong3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@tong3 ~]# netstat -antup | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 3484/mysqld [root@tong3 ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> create database tong; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* totong3@'192.168.1.248'identified by 'system'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> 4.iptable包过滤 tong2节点和tong3节点: [root@tong2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -s 192.168.1.249--dport 3306 -j ACCEPT --添加规则,放行对mysql的通行 [root@tong2 ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ] [root@tong2 ~]# 5.查看各节点的二进制日志的位置 tong2节点: mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 120 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> tong3节点: mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 120 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> 6.服务器互相连接 tong2节点: [root@tong2 ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.249',master_user='tong3',master_password='system',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=120; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.43 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> show slave status \G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.249 Master_User: tong3 Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 283 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes --io线程启动正常 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes--sql线程启动正常 Replicate_Do_DB: tong --要同步的数据库 Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_Space: 450 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 20 Master_UUID: 6009ee25-7f93-11e4-8817-1078d2c8f750 Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> tong3节点: [root@tong3 ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.248',master_user='tong2',master_password='system',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.43 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.248 Master_User: tong2 Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 283 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: tong Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_Space: 450 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 10 Master_UUID: 2cb52da5-759f-11d6-bc85-1078d2c717e8 Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> 7.测试服务是否正常 tong2节点: mysql> create table a (a int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.26 sec) mysql> insert into a values(1),(2),(3),(4); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from a; +------+ | a | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | +------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> tong3节点: mysql> \u tong Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select * from a; +------+ | a | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | +------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>create table a1 (a1 int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec) mysql> insert into a1 values(11),(12),(13),(14); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from a1; +------+ | a1 | +------+ | 11 | | 12 | | 13 | | 14 | +------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> tong2节点: mysql> select * from a1; +------+ | a1 | +------+ | 11 | | 12 | | 13 | | 14 | +------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> 本文转自 z597011036 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/tongcheng/1588375，如需转载请自行联系原作者
