Docker零碎笔记
001.查看镜像、容器、数据卷所占用的空间 docker system df 002.具体查看镜像内的历史记录 docker history nginx:v2 003.使用Dockerfile构建镜像(注意后面有个点) docker build -t myip . 004.使用compose对docker容器进行编排管理时，需要编写docker-compose.yml文件需要注意缩进 yml文件换行后的缩进，不允许使用tab键字符，只能使用空格，而空格的数量要一致 005.docker-compose 负责实现对 Docker 容器集群的快速编排 006.docker-machine 负责在多种平台上快速安装docker环境 007.swarm mode 负责将多个docker主机封装为单个大型的虚拟dockerd主机,快速打造一套容器云平台 008.安装virtualbox sudo apt-get purge virtualbox sudo apt-get install linux-generic linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic linux-signed-generic sudo apt-get install virtualbox 009.docker镜像加速器下载速度对比 加速器 地址 Httpd,177MB下载镜像耗时 MySQL,407MB下载镜像耗时 Nginx,109MB下载镜像耗时 官方 https://registry.docker-cn.com 52 s 42 s 20 s 阿里 https://2lqq34jg.mirror.aliyuncs.com 36 s 38 s 20 s 网易 http://hub-mirror.c.163.com 67 s 73 s 475 s 官方错误 http://registry.docker-cn.com 1770 s 不忍测试 闲时再测 不使用 --- 一个字慢！ 不忍测试 闲时再测 结论：1、使用加速器后，下载速度飞快,家庭100Mb宽带环境下，镜像下载速度能达到3-5MB/s以上。2、由于Docker采用分层文件系统，不同镜像公用一些相同的层文件，在下载后续镜像时下载速度更快，比如阿里加速器下载MySQL镜像，“达到”了10.7MB/s；3、加速器地址一定要写对，官方加速器的不能写成http，一定要写https，否则无加速效果；4、加速器的加速效果差不多？官方的、阿里的、网易163的加速器效果如下：阿里 >官方 > 网易 > 不加速5、Docker支持同时配置多个加速器，建议依上面的次序同时配置多个加速器。6、代码: { "registry-mirrors": [ "https://2lqq34jg.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://registry.docker-cn.com", "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com" ] } 010.docker的run命令 docker run -it -v /usr/java/:/mnt/software/ myubuntu /bin/bash docker run <相关参数> <镜像ID 或者 仓库名:标签名> <初始命令> 相关参数包括： -i：表示以“交互模式”运行容器 -t：表示容器启动后会进入其命令行 -v：表示需要将本地哪个目录挂载到容器中，格式：-v <宿主机目录>:<容器目录> 初始命令表示一旦容器启动，需要运行的命令，若此处命令使用"/bin/bash"，则表示什么也不做，只需进入命令行即可 退出容器使用Ctrl+d或输入exit 再次启动已启动过但现在是关闭的容器 docker start 容器ID或容器名 这个命令只会启动容器，不会进入容器。要进入容器得用命令 docker attach 容器ID或容器名 011.docker如何查看已存在的容器所挂载的目录 docker inspect container_name | grep Mounts -A 20 012.docker启动mysql容器 初次启动需要指定root用户密码, 也可在docker-compose中指定, 直接用docker-compose启动 docker run -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 33066:3306 --name mysql-5.7 -d mysql:5.7 -v /data/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d -v /data/mysql/logs:/usr/local/mysql/logs -v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql 013.docker进入mysql容器 docker exec -it mysql-5.7 bash # 然后进入mysql服务 mysql -uroot -p 014.docker启动tomcat docker run --mount source=tomcat-8.5-xyj,target=/usr/local/tomcat/webapps -p 8081:8080 --name tomcat-8.5 -d tomcat:8.5 015.DockerCompose通过compose工程名以及服务名从dockerEngine获取当前所有含有此标记的容器以检查当前工程所包含的服务状态,根据当前状态为每个服务制定接下来的动作 若容器不存在，则服务动作设置为创建（create） 若容器存在但设置不允许重建，则服务动作设置为启动（start） 若容器配置发生变化（config-hash）或者设置强制重建标志，则服务动作设置为重建（recreate） 若容器状态为停止，则服务动作设置为启动（start） 若容器状态为运行但其依赖容器需要重建，则服务状态设置为重建（recreate） 若容器状态为运行其无配置改变则不作操作 016.docker查看某个容器大小 进入docker容器默认位置:/var/lib/docker/containers, 文件夹名称即为容器名,文件夹大小即为容器大小 17. Docker参考网站 Docker Hub官方网站(用于查找各种镜像): https://hub.docker.com/docker-compose.yml文件各个参数的官方说明: https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/ 18. Docker的各种docker-compose.yml文件 (1) MySQL version: "3.5" services: mysql: image: mysql:5.7 restart: always container_name: mysql environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root ports: - "3306:3306" networks: mysql: ipv4_address: 172.20.0.2 volumes: - type: volume source: data target: /var/lib/mysql - type: volume source: config target: /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d - type: volume source: logs target: /usr/local/mysql/logs volumes: data: config: logs: networks: mysql: driver: bridge name: mysql ipam: driver: default config: - subnet: 172.20.0.0/24 (2) Redis version: "3.5" services: redis: image: redis:4.0.9 restart: always container_name: redis volumes: - type: volume source: config target: /usr/local/etc/redis - type: volume source: data target: /data command: redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf ports: - "6379:6379" networks: redis: ipv4_address: 172.20.0.2 volumes: config: data: networks: redis: driver: bridge name: redis ipam: driver: default config: - subnet: 172.20.0.0/24 (3) Tomcat version: "3.5" services: blog: image: tomcat:8.5 restart: always container_name: blog ports: - "8083:8080" networks: - mysql volumes: - type: volume source: blog target: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps volumes: blog: name: blog networks: mysql: external: true name: mysql (4) Java示例(执行了java -jar /opt/blogback.jar命令, 方便启动容器后自动运行Java程序, 也可用于SpringBoot项目的部署) version: "3.5" services: blogback: image: java:8 restart: always container_name: blogback ports: - "8082:8080" working_dir: /opt command: java -jar /opt/blogback.jar networks: - mysql volumes: - type: volume source: blogback target: /opt volumes: blogback: name: blogback networks: mysql: external: true name: mysql (5) GitLab version: "3.5" services: gitlab: image: gitlab/gitlab-ce:10.5.4-ce.0 restart: always container_name: gitlab ports: - "8085:80" - "2222:22" hostname: "gitlab.ywz.com" environment: GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: | gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 2222 volumes: - type: volume source: config target: /etc/gitlab - type: volume source: logs target: /var/log/gitlab - type: volume source: data target: /var/opt/gitlab volumes: config: name: gitlab_config logs: name: gitlab_logs data: name: gitlab_data (6) Jenkins version: "3.5" services: jenkins: image: jenkins:2.60.3 restart: always container_name: jenkins ports: - "8080:8080" volumes: - type: bind source: /home/paul/docker/myvolume/jenkins/home target: /var/jenkins_home (7) Nexus version: "3.5" services: nexus: image: sonatype/nexus3:3.8.0 restart: always container_name: nexus ports: - "8081:8081" volumes: - type: volume source: data target: /nexus-data volumes: data: (8) Nginx version: "3.5" services: nginx: image: nginx:1.13 restart: always container_name: nginx ports: - "80:80" volumes: - type: volume source: config target: /etc/nginx volumes: config: (9) Python version: "3.5" services: python: image: python:3.5 restart: always container_name: python tty: true command: bash volumes: - type: volume source: workspace target: /home - type: volume source: lib target: /usr/local/lib volumes: workspace: name: python_workspace lib: name: python_lib (10) 多个Tomcat项目共用MySQL, Redis示例 version: "3.5" services: jn: image: tomcat:8.5 restart: always container_name: tomcat_oa_jn ports: - "8082:8080" networks: - mysql_oa - redis_oa volumes: - type: bind source: /home/paul/docker/myvolume/tomcat_oa_jn/webapps target: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps depends_on: - mysql_oa - redis_oa xq: image: tomcat:8.5 restart: always container_name: tomcat_oa_xq ports: - "8083:8080" networks: - mysql_oa - redis_oa volumes: - type: bind source: /home/paul/docker/myvolume/tomcat_oa_xq/webapps target: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps depends_on: - mysql_oa - redis_oa test: image: tomcat:8.5 restart: always container_name: tomcat_oa_test ports: - "8084:8080" networks: - mysql_oa - redis_oa volumes: - type: bind source: /home/paul/docker/myvolume/tomcat_oa_test/webapps target: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps depends_on: - mysql_oa - redis_oa mysql_oa: image: mysql:5.7 restart: always container_name: mysql_oa environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root ports: - "3307:3306" networks: mysql_oa: ipv4_address: 172.20.0.2 volumes: - type: volume source: mysql_data target: /var/lib/mysql - type: volume source: mysql_config target: /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d - type: volume source: mysql_logs target: /usr/local/mysql/logs redis_oa: image: redis:4.0.9 restart: always container_name: redis_oa command: redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf ports: - "6379:6379" networks: redis: ipv4_address: 172.21.0.2 volumes: - type: volume source: redis_config target: /usr/local/etc/redis - type: volume source: redis_data target: /data volumes: mysql_data: name: mysql_oa_data mysql_config: name: mysql_oa_config mysql_logs: name: mysql_oa_logs redis_config: name: redis_oa_config redis_data: name: redis_oa_data networks: mysql_oa: driver: bridge name: mysql_oa ipam: driver: default config: - subnet: 172.20.0.0/24 redis_oa: driver: bridge name: redis_oa ipam: driver: default config: - subnet: 172.21.0.0/24 19. Dockerfile实现在centos7-jdk8容器中安装应用(以libreoffice为例) (1) Dockerfile文件 FROM bpatterson/centos7-jdk8 RUN yum update -y RUN yum install -y libreoffice-headless libreoffice-writer libreoffice-calc libreoffice- libreoffice-impress libreoffice-langpack-zh-Hans libreoffice-langpack-zh-Hant libreoffice-langpack-ja ImageMagick curl RUN yum clean all WORKDIR / (2) 在Dockerfile文件所在目录下执行如下命令生成镜像 docker build -t libreoffice:1.0 . (3) 镜像生成后就可以通过compose文件或者直接使用命令启动容器了 version: "3.3" services: libreoffice: image: libreoffice:1.0 restart: always tty: true command: /bin/bash container_name: libreoffice ports: - "8192:8080" volumes: - type: bind source: /home/libreoffice/data target: /home/libreoffice/data (4) 启动容器后运行容器内应用 docker exec -t libreoffice libreoffice --headless --convert-to pdf /home/libreoffice/data/source/test.xls --outdir /home/libreoffice/data/target (5) libreoffice功能实现附件格式转换, 如: xls文件转换为doc文件, doc文件转换为pdf文件等等.
