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K8S系统环境初始化

/etc/hosts [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 172.16.0.192 master1 172.16.0.193 node1 关闭防火墙 \selinux\swap\dnsmasq systemctl disable --now firewalld systemctl disable --now dnsmasq systemctl disable --now NetworkManager setenforce 0 sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config swapoff -a sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab 时间同步 rpm -ivh http://mirrors.wlnmp.com/centos/wlnmp-release-centos.noarch.rpm yum install ntpdate -y ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone ntpdate time2.aliyun.com # 加入到crontab */5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com limit配置 ulimit -SHn 65535 vim /etc/security/limits.conf # 末尾添加如下内容 * soft nofile 655360 * hard nofile 131072 * soft nproc 655350 * hard nproc 655350 * soft memlock unlimited * hard memlock unlimited yum源修改 curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 必备工具安装 yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y 升级节点系统并重启 yum update -y --exclude=kernel* && reboot 内核配置 最新内核地址 https://elrepo.org/linux 下载最新内核 cd /root && wget -c https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-5.12.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm && wget -c https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-5.12.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm 安装配置 cd root && yum localinstall -y kernel-ml* grub2-set-default 0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)" 安装ipvsadm yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y modprobe -- ip_vs modprobe -- ip_vs_rr modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr modprobe -- ip_vs_sh modprobe -- nf_conntrack vim /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf # 加入以下内容 ip_vs ip_vs_lc ip_vs_wlc ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_lblc ip_vs_lblcr ip_vs_dh ip_vs_sh ip_vs_fo ip_vs_nq ip_vs_sed ip_vs_ftp ip_vs_sh nf_conntrack ip_tables ip_set xt_set ipt_set ipt_rpfilter ipt_REJECT ipip systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service 内核参数修改 cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 fs.may_detach_mounts = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet = 1 vm.overcommit_memory=1 vm.panic_on_oom=0 fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100 fs.file-max=52706963 fs.nr_open=52706963 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680 net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384 net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.core.somaxconn = 16384 EOF sysctl --system 所有节点配置完内核后,重启服务器,保证重启后内核依旧加载reboot reboot lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

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Jenkins 集成k8s 运行Jenkins slave

需求:公司为了节省资源、降低Jenkins master压力,打算把Jenkins jobs在kubernetes上运行,jobs构建完成kubernetes上的pod删除。 1、Jenkins基础配置 系统管理--全局安全设置 需要开启代理协议、然后代理端口在我们后面agent连接需要用到 2、安装Kubernetes插件 系统管理–插件管理 3、创建Kubernetes Namespace与Service Account 创建Namespace 在Kubenates的上创建jenkins-slave命名空间,用于Jenkins使用 kubectlcreatenamespacejenkins-slave 创建Service Account 在Kubernetes上为Jenkins构建创建有Cluster Admin权限的Service Account jenkins: kubectlcreateclusterrolebindingjenkins--clusterrolecluster-admin--serviceaccount=jenkins-slave:jenkins 4、生成调度凭证 生成Kubernetes的 server certificate key和Client P12 Certificate File 这个步骤主要是生成P12 Certificate File提供给jenkins Master去调用Kubenetes,具体步骤如下:Kubernetes Master上,打开~/.kube/config文件,复制相对应的内容,运行以下命令分别生成生成ca.crt, client.crt, client.key cat~/.kube/config #复制certificate-authority-data的内容,运行以下命令生成client.crtecho" 再根据前面步骤生成的ca.crt, client.crt和client.key来生成PKCS12格式的cert.pfx以下命令运行时,需要输入4位以上的密码 opensslpkcs12-export-outcert.pfx-inkeyclient.key-inclient.crt-certfileca.crt 5、在Jenkins上集成Kubernetes 在Jenkins上配置Kubernetes Credential 将上面生成的cert.pfx复制出来备用添加cert.pfx到Jenkins Global Credential如下图: 6、构建jenkins-agent所需的镜像 cat dockerfileFROM reg.chinaedu.net/init/jenkins-slaveLABEL label=k8s-slaveADD agent.jar /home/ADD cmd.sh /homeRUN chmod a+x /home/cmd.shCMD /home/cmd.sh cat cmd.sh # cmd.sh里的内容/usr/local/openjdk-8/bin/java -jar /home/agent.jar -jnlpUrl http://10.52.59.31:8080/jenkins/computer/${JENKINS_AGENT_NAME}/jenkins-agent.jnlp -secret ${JENKINS_SECRET} -workDir ${JENKINS_AGENT_HOME} 然后把构建好的镜像发送到仓库 agent.jar可以从Jenkins中下载系统管理–>节点管理–>新建节点 --> 输入test,选择固定节点 --> 远程工作目录输入 /home --> 启动方式选择通过java web启动代理后点击保存 这里这个节点是不在线的,点击后提示如下: 7、在Jenkins上配置Kubernetes Cloud 系统管理- -节点管理- -Configure Clouds- -Add a new cloud- -Kubernetes输入Name,比如kubernetes复制上面步骤生成的ca.crt文件内容到Kubernetes server certificate key输入上面创建的Kubernetes Namespace,jenkins-slave选择刚刚配好的Credential点击“Test Connection"按钮测试Jenkins是否可以成功连接Kubernetes。Pod Retention选择Never,这样每次Jenkins构建结束后(无论成功和失败)都会销毁Pod,达到动态创建和运行Jenkins Build Agent的目的。 在Jenkins上配置Kubernetes Pod Template 8、验证 预期效果:Jenkins构建Jobs然后Kubernetes启动一个Pod namespace属于jenkins-slave,Jobs构建成功容器删除主要的是就需要注意这里需要指定刚刚写的label↑可以看到流水线已经成功了 查看Kubernetes, 可以看到跟我们预想的是一样的

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K8S自己动手系列 - 2.4 - Service

前言 上个实验2.3 – PV & PVC,我们将wordpress+mysql的Deployment绑定PVC,并成功将mysql的数据保存才PV存储卷上。但是mysql作为数据库应用,当水平扩展后,就是多个独立的数据库实例,数据彼此分离,导致应用在多个实例间的状态不一致,那么这个问题如何解决呢? 答案就是将mysql与wordpress进行分离,我们把wordpress看做一个支持水平扩展的无状态应用,多个wordpress连接同一个mysql数据库。 那么wordpress又如何找到对应的mysql数据库呢?答案就是通过Service 场景 将wordpress与mysql分离成两个Deployment,并为mysql定义Service,wordpress通过ServiceName发现mysql的实例信息,mysql的Deployment使用PVC保存数据状态,完成后wordpress可以水平扩展为多个实例,并且能够保证数据一致性 本文实验所有的源码保存在:https://github.com/zrbcool/blog-public/tree/master/k8s-hands-on/lab07 实战 对Deployment进行分离 先准备好PVC及PV lab07 git:(master) kubectl apply -f 01-1-mysql-pvc.yaml persistentvolumeclaim/wordpress-mysql-pv-claim created lab07 git:(master) kubectl apply -f 01-2-mysql-pv.yaml persistentvolume/wordpress-mysql-pv-volume created lab07 git:(master) kubectl get pvc NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE wordpress-mysql-pv-claim Bound wordpress-mysql-pv-volume 2Gi RWO 15s 为mysql创建Deployment lab07 git:(master) cat 01-3-mysql-deployment.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: app: wordpress type: mysql name: wordpress-mysql spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: wordpress type: mysql template: metadata: labels: app: wordpress type: mysql spec: containers: - image: mysql:5.7.26 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: mysql env: - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD value: "passw0rd" - name: MYSQL_DATABASE value: "wordpress" volumeMounts: - name: mysql-persistent-storage mountPath: /var/lib/mysql volumes: - name: mysql-persistent-storage persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: wordpress-mysql-pv-claim lab07 git:(master) kubectl apply -f 01-3-mysql-deployment.yaml deployment.extensions/wordpress-mysql created # 这里可以简单测试一下 为mysql创建Service lab07 git:(master) cat 01-4-mysql-svc.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: wordpress-mysql-svc labels: app: wordpress type: mysql spec: ports: - port: 3306 protocol: TCP targetPort: 3306 selector: app: wordpress type: mysql lab07 git:(master) kubectl apply -f 01-4-mysql-svc.yaml service/wordpress-mysql-svc created lab07 git:(master) kubectl get svc -o wide NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR wordpress-mysql-svc ClusterIP 10.98.45.79 <none> 3306/TCP 9s app=wordpress,type=mysql 我们来测试下这个Service是否work, lab07 git:(master) kubectl run -it --rm --image=mysql:5.7.26 --restart=Never mysql-client -- mysql -h wordpress-mysql-svc -ppassw0rd If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter. mysql> use wordpress Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +-----------------------+ | Tables_in_wordpress | +-----------------------+ | wp_commentmeta | | wp_comments | | wp_links | | wp_options | | wp_postmeta | | wp_posts | | wp_term_relationships | | wp_term_taxonomy | | wp_termmeta | | wp_terms | | wp_usermeta | | wp_users | +-----------------------+ 12 rows in set (0.00 sec) 为wordpress创建Deployment lab07 git:(master) cat 02-1-wordpress-deployment.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: app: wordpress type: wordpress name: wordpress-wp spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: wordpress type: wordpress template: metadata: labels: app: wordpress type: wordpress spec: containers: - image: wordpress:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: wordpress env: - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST value: "wordpress-mysql-svc" - name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER value: "root" - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD value: "passw0rd" 需要注意到wordpress连接的数据库信息已经不再是127.0.0.1了,而是"wordpress-mysql-svc",这样wordpress的Pod就可以通过ServiceName连接到mysql了,我们来试试 lab07 git:(master) kubectl apply -f 02-1-wordpress-deployment.yaml deployment.extensions/wordpress-wp created ne> lab07 git:(master) kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE wordpress-mysql-66df4d4dd6-gwjsx 1/1 Running 0 19m wordpress-wp-66ffcc84c5-tgbsc 1/1 Running 0 55s 使用NodePort类型的Service暴露wordpress,我们来测试一下: lab07 git:(master) cat 02-2-wordpress-svc.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: wordpress-svc labels: app: wordpress spec: ports: - port: 80 protocol: TCP targetPort: 80 nodePort: 30611 selector: app: wordpress type: NodePort lab07 git:(master) kubectl apply -f 02-2-wordpress-svc.yaml service/wordpress-svc created 测试OK,可以正常访问,我们来对wordpress的Pod进行扩容, lab07 git:(master) kubectl scale --replicas=5 deploy/wordpress-wp deployment.extensions/wordpress-wp scaled lab07 git:(master) kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE wordpress-mysql-66df4d4dd6-gwjsx 1/1 Running 0 23m wordpress-wp-66ffcc84c5-76tsh 1/1 Running 0 41s wordpress-wp-66ffcc84c5-c4r4q 1/1 Running 0 41s wordpress-wp-66ffcc84c5-qrv2r 1/1 Running 0 41s wordpress-wp-66ffcc84c5-tgbsc 1/1 Running 0 5m24s wordpress-wp-66ffcc84c5-w24sv 1/1 Running 0 41s 多次访问网页,发现已经状态一致,所有请求均由一个数据库处理,完成任务! 清除数据 lab07 git:(master) kubectl delete -f . persistentvolumeclaim "wordpress-mysql-pv-claim" deleted persistentvolume "wordpress-mysql-pv-volume" deleted deployment.extensions "wordpress-mysql" deleted service "wordpress-mysql-svc" deleted deployment.extensions "wordpress-wp" deleted service "wordpress-svc" deleted 更多参考 https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service/

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K8S自己动手系列 - 2.2 - Deployment

前言 前面的文章,我们使用Pod完成了wordpress+mysql的部署,并将两个容器放在了一个Pod当中,本篇文章,我们将使用Deployment完成前面的部署工作 本文实验所有的源码保存在:https://github.com/zrbcool/blog-public/tree/master/k8s-hands-on/lab05 实战 查看deployment定义 lab05 git:(master) cat 01-wordpress-mysql-deployment.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: app: wordpress name: wordpress spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: wordpress template: metadata: labels: app: wordpress spec: containers: - image: wordpress:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: wordpress env: - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST value: "127.0.0.1" - name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER value: "root" - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD value: "passw0rd" - image: mysql:5.7.26 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: mysql env: - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD value: "passw0rd" - name: MYSQL_DATABASE value: "wordpress" 执行部署操作 lab05 git:(master) kubectl apply -f 01-wordpress-mysql-deployment.yaml deployment.extensions/wordpress created lab05 git:(master) kubectl apply -f 02-wordpress-svc.yaml service/wordpress-svc created lab05 git:(master) kubectl get deploy -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR wordpress 1/1 1 1 2m15s wordpress,mysql wordpress:latest,mysql:5.7.26 app=wordpress lab05 git:(master) kubectl get pod -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES wordpress-5844bb9d6b-dbfb4 2/2 Running 0 2m23s 10.244.0.62 worker01 <none> <none> lab05 git:(master) kubectl get svc -o wide NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR wordpress-svc NodePort 10.98.150.68 <none> 80:30611/TCP 2m23s app=wordpress 访问我们的服务, Deployment扩缩容尝试 修改我们的deployment定义,将replicas修改为2,查看效果 lab05 git:(master) kubectl get deploy -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR wordpress 2/2 2 2 7m43s wordpress,mysql wordpress:latest,mysql:5.7.26 app=wordpress lab05 git:(master) kubectl get pod -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES wordpress-5844bb9d6b-dbfb4 2/2 Running 0 7m47s 10.244.0.62 worker01 <none> <none> wordpress-5844bb9d6b-ttkvm 2/2 Running 0 11s 10.244.0.63 worker01 <none> <none> 多次访问网页,发现网页进入了网站初始化界面,初始化网站为mywebsite2,发现网站经常在website1与website2间切换,这是因为我们的两个副本从应用到数据库完全是相同的两份,而Service负载均衡,会分配请求到两套实例上,但是mysql是有状态应用,就造成了我们使用上的问题。 问题如何解决 实际上,Deployment就是用来部署无状态应用的,它期待你的副本之间是没有区别的,那么在我们的场景下,mysql使用Deployment来部署就不是一个好的实践,我们这里只是学习使用,后续我们会用StatefulSet来部署有状态应用解决当前这个问题。

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Rocky Linux

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Sublime Text

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