基于python+appium+yaml安卓UI自动化测试分享
结构介绍 之前分享过一篇安卓UI测试，但是没有实现数据与代码分离，后期维护成本较高，所以最近抽空优化了一下。不想看文章得可以直接去Github，欢迎拍砖大致结构如下： 结构.png testyaml管理用例，实现数据与代码分离，一个模块一个文件夹 public 存放公共文件，如读取配置文件、启动appium服务、读取Yaml文件、定义日志格式等 page 存放最小测试用例集，一个模块一个文件夹 results 存放测试报告及失败截图 report.png logs 存放日志 logs.png logdetail.png testcase 存放测试用例 runtest.py 运行所有测试用例 yaml格式介绍 首先看下yaml文件的格式，之前也写过一点关于yaml语法学习的文章testcase部分是重点，其中： element_info：定位元素信息 find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就四种 上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!! send_content：send_keys 时用到 index：ids时用到 times: 返回次数或者上滑次数 testinfo: - id: cm001 title: 新增终端门店 execute: 1 testcase: - element_info: 客户 find_type: text operate_type: click - element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/cm_topbar_tv_right find_type: id operate_type: click - element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/custview_id_singletv_inputtext find_type: ids operate_type: send_keys send_content: auto0205 index: 0 - element_info: find_type: operate_type: swipe_up times: 1 - element_info: 提交 find_type: text operate_type: click - element_info: find_type: operate_type: back times: 1 代码部分 公共部分 个人觉得核心的就是公共部分，相当于建房子，公共部分搞好了，后面仅仅是调用即可，建房子把架子搭好，后面就添砖加瓦吧。 读取配置文件readconfig.py设置日志格式logs.py获取设备GetDevices.py这几个通用的就不做介绍了 读取yaml文件 GetYaml.py主要用来读取yaml文件 #coding=utf-8 #author='Shichao-Dong' import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8') import yaml import codecs class getyaml: def __init__(self,path): self.path = path def getYaml(self): ''' 读取yaml文件 :param path: 文件路径 :return: ''' try: f = open(self.path) data =yaml.load(f) f.close() return data except Exception: print(u"未找到yaml文件") def alldata(self): data =self.getYaml() return data def caselen(self): data = self.alldata() length = len(data['testcase']) return length def get_elementinfo(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data['testcase'][i]['element_info'] return data['testcase'][i]['element_info'] def get_findtype(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data['testcase'][i]['find_type'] return data['testcase'][i]['find_type'] def get_operate_type(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data['testcase'][i]['operate_type'] return data['testcase'][i]['operate_type'] def get_index(self,i): data = self.alldata() if self.get_findtype(i)=='ids': return data['testcase'][i]['index'] else: pass def get_send_content(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data['testcase'][i]['send_content'] if self.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys': return data['testcase'][i]['send_content'] else: pass def get_backtimes(self,i): data = self.alldata() if self.get_operate_type(i)=='back' or self.get_operate_type(i)=='swipe_up': return data['testcase'][i]['times'] else: pass def get_title(self): data = self.alldata() # print data['testinfo'][0]['title'] return data['testinfo'][0]['title'] 启动appium服务 StartAppiumServer.py主要是启动appium并返回端口port,这个port在下面的driver中需要 #coding=utf-8 #author='Shichao-Dong' from logs import log import random,time import platform import os from GetDevices import devices log = log() dev = devices().get_deviceName() class Sp: def __init__(self, device): self.device = device def __start_driver(self, aport, bpport): """ :return: """ if platform.system() == 'Windows': import subprocess subprocess.Popen("appium -p %s -bp %s -U %s" % (aport, bpport, self.device), shell=True) def start_appium(self): """ 启动appium p:appium port bp:bootstrap port :return: 返回appium端口参数 """ aport = random.randint(4700, 4900) bpport = random.randint(4700, 4900) self.__start_driver(aport, bpport) log.info( 'start appium :p %s bp %s device:%s' % (aport, bpport, self.device)) time.sleep(10) return aport def main(self): """ :return: 启动appium """ return self.start_appium() def stop_appium(self): ''' 停止appium :return: ''' if platform.system() == 'Windows': os.popen("taskkill /f /im node.exe") if __name__ == '__main__': s = Sp(dev) s.main() 获取driver GetDriver.pyplatformName、deviceName、appPackage、appActivity这些卸载配置文件config.ini文件中，可以直接通过readconfig.py文件读取获得。appium_port有StartAppiumServer.py文件返回 s = Sp(deviceName) appium_port = s.main() def mydriver(): desired_caps = { 'platformName':platformName,'deviceName':deviceName, 'platformVersion':platformVersion, 'appPackage':appPackage,'appActivity':appActivity, 'unicodeKeyboard':True,'resetKeyboard':True,'noReset':True } try: driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:%s/wd/hub'%appium_port,desired_caps) time.sleep(4) log.info('获取driver成功') return driver except WebDriverException: print 'No driver' if __name__ == "__main__": mydriver() 重新封装find等命令，BaseOperate.py里面主要是一些上滑、返回、find等一些基础操作 #coding=utf-8 #author='Shichao-Dong' from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from logs import log import os import time ''' 一些基础操作：滑动、截图、点击页面元素等 ''' class BaseOperate: def __init__(self,driver): self.driver = driver def back(self): ''' 返回键 :return: ''' os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4") def get_window_size(self): ''' 获取屏幕大小 :return: windowsize ''' global windowSize windowSize = self.driver.get_window_size() return windowSize def swipe_up(self): ''' 向上滑动 :return: ''' windowsSize = self.get_window_size() width = windowsSize.get("width") height = windowsSize.get("height") self.driver.swipe(width/2, height*3/4, width/2, height/4, 1000) def screenshot(self): now=time.strftime("%y%m%d-%H-%M-%S") PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p) ) screenshoot_path = PATH('../results/screenshoot/') self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screenshoot_path+now+'.png') def find_id(self,id): ''' 寻找元素 :return: ''' exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id) if exsit : return True else: return False def find_name(self,name): ''' 判断页面是否存在某个元素 :param name: text :return: ''' findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name) exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname) if exsit : return True else: return False def get_name(self,name): ''' 定位页面text元素 :param name: :return: ''' # element = driver.find_element_by_name(name) # return element findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name) try: element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(findname)) # element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return element except: self.screenshot() log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(name) def get_id(self,id): ''' 定位页面resouce-id元素 :param id: :return: ''' try: element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id(id)) # element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return element except: self.screenshot() log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id) def get_xpath(self,xpath): ''' 定位页面xpath元素 :param id: :return: ''' try: element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)) # element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return element except: self.screenshot() log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(xpath) def get_ids(self,id): ''' 定位页面resouce-id元素组 :param id: :return:列表 ''' try: # elements = self.driver.find_elements_by_id(id) elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_elements_by_id(id)) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return elements except: self.screenshot() log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id) def page(self,name): ''' 返回至指定页面 :return: ''' i=0 while i<10: i=i+1 try: findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name) self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) break except : os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4") try: findname = "//*[@text='确定']" self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname).click() self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) except: os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4") try: self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@text='工作台']") self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) break except: os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4") Operate.py我认为最关键的一步了，后面没有page都是调用这个文件进行测试，主要是根据读取的yaml文件，然后进行if...else...判断，根据对应的operate_type分别进行对应的click、sendkeys等操作 #coding=utf-8 #author='Shichao-Dong' from GetYaml import getyaml from BaseOperate import BaseOperate class Operate: def __init__(self,path,driver): self.path = path self.driver = driver self.yaml = getyaml(self.path) self.baseoperate=BaseOperate(driver) def check_operate_type(self): ''' 读取yaml信息并执行 element_info：定位元素信息 find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就三种 上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!! send_content：send_keys 时用到 index：ids时用到 times: :return: ''' for i in range(self.yaml.caselen()): if self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'click': if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text': self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click() elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id': self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click() elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath': self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click() elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids': self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].click() elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys': if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text': self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id': self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath': self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids': self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'back': for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)): self.baseoperate.back() elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'swipe_up': for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)): self.baseoperate.swipe_up() def back_home(self): ''' 返回至工作台 :return: ''' self.baseoperate.page('工作台') 公共部分的代码就介绍这么多，在编写这个框架的时候，大部分精力都花在这部分，所以个人觉得还是值得好好研究的 Page部分 page部分是最小用例集，一个模块一个文件夹，以客户为例，目前写了两个用例，一个新增，一个排序，文件如下： file.png 代码如下，非常的简洁, import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8') import codecs,os from public.Operate import Operate from public.GetYaml import getyaml PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p) ) yamlpath = PATH("../../testyaml/cm/cm-001addcm.yaml") class AddcmPage: def __init__(self,driver): self.path = yamlpath self.driver = driver self.operate = Operate(self.path,self.driver) def operateap(self): self.operate.check_operate_type() def home(self): self.operate.back_home() 运行用例 这部分用了unittest,运行所有测试用例和生成报告。一个模块一个用例，以客户为例：CmTest.py from page.cm.CmAddcmPage import AddcmPage from page.cm.CmSortcmPage import SortcmPage from public.GetDriver import mydriver driver = mydriver() import unittest,time class Cm(unittest.TestCase): def test_001addcm(self): ''' 新增客户 :return: ''' add = AddcmPage(driver) add.operateap() add.home() def test_002sortcm(self): ''' 客户排序 :return: ''' sort = SortcmPage(driver) sort.sortlist() sort.home() def test_999close(self): driver.quit() time.sleep(10) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() 首先从page层将需要运行的用例都import进来，然后用unittest运行即可。如果想要运行所有的测试用例，需要用到runtest.py import time,os import unittest import HTMLTestRunner from testcase.CmTest import Cm def testsuit(): suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTests([unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(Cm), ]) # runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2) # runner.run(suite) now=time.strftime("%y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S") PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p) ) dirpath = PATH("./results/waiqin365-") filename=dirpath + now +'result.html' fp=open(filename,'wb') runner=HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title='waiqin365 6.0.6beta test result',description=u'result:') runner.run(suite) fp.close() if __name__ =="__main__": testsuit() 这边的思路差不多，也是先导入再装入suite即可 总结 就目前而言，暂时算是实现了数据与用例的分离，但是yaml的编写要求较高，不能格式上出错。同时也有一些其他可以优化的地方，如： 对弹窗的判断 断开后重连机制 失败后重跑机制等等，后续可以根据需求进行优化最后再贴一下开源地址Github，有兴趣的小伙伴可以去看一下，欢迎拍砖备注：完成过程中参考了Louis-me 和 auto 这两个开源项目，感谢！！！ 作者：迈阿密小白 链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/00aff8435a92 來源：简书 著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
