Python网络爬虫（requests, 代理，Web认证, SSL证书认证）
requests模块 代理（proxies） 西刺代理 快代理 全网代理 高匿ip：看不到真实ip 透明ip：可以看到代理 和 真实ip 普通代理 proxies = {"协议":"协议://IP地址:端口号"} '''01_普通代理示例.py''' import requests url = "http://www.baidu.com/" proxies = {"http":"http://183.129.207.82:11597"} headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0"} res = requests.get(url,proxies=proxies,headers=headers) print(res.status_code) 私密代理 proxies = {"协议": "协议://用户名:密码@ip地址:端口号"} '''02_私密代理示例.py''' import requests url = "http://httpbin.org/get" headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0"} proxies = {"http":"http://309435365:szayclhp@123.206.119.108:16817"} res = requests.get(url,proxies=proxies,headers=headers) res.encoding = "utf-8" print(res.text) 爬取链家二手房信息 --> 存到MySQL数据库中 '''05_链家数据ToMongo.py''' import requests import re import pymysql import warnings class LianjiaSpider: def __init__(self): self.baseurl = "https://bj.lianjia.com/ershoufang/pg" self.page = 1 self.headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"} self.proxies = {"http": "http://127.0.0.1：8888"} self.db = pymysql.connect("localhost", "root","ParisPython",charset="utf8") self.cursor = self.db.cursor() def getPage(self,url): res = requests.get(url,proxies=self.proxies,headers=self.headers,timeout=5) res.encoding = "utf-8" html = res.text print("页面爬取成功,正在解析...") self.parsePage(html) def parsePage(self,html): p = re.compile('<div class="houseInfo".*?data-el="region">(.*?)</a>.*?<div class="totalPrice">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>(.*?)</div>',re.S) r_list = p.findall(html) # [("天通苑","480","万"),()..] print("页面解析完成,正在存入数据库...") self.writeTomysql(r_list) def writeTomysql(self,r_list): c_db = "create database if not exists Lianjiadb \ character set utf8" u_db = "use Lianjiadb" c_tab = "create table if not exists housePrice( \ id int primary key auto_increment,\ housename varchar(50), \ totalprice int)charset=utf8" warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") try: self.cursor.execute(c_db) self.cursor.execute(u_db) self.cursor.execute(c_tab) except Warning: pass ins = "insert into housePrice(housename,totalprice) \ values(%s,%s)" for r_tuple in r_list: name = r_tuple[0].strip() price = float(r_tuple[1].strip())*10000 L = [name,price] self.cursor.execute(ins,L) self.db.commit() print("存入数据库成功") def workOn(self): while True: c = input("爬取按y(q退出):") if c.strip().lower() == "y": url = self.baseurl + str(self.page) + "/" self.getPage(url) self.page += 1 else: self.cursor.close() self.db.close() print("爬取结束,谢谢使用!") break if __name__ == "__main__": spider = LianjiaSpider() spider.workOn() 找URL https://bj.lianjia.com/ershoufang/pg1/ 正则 <div class="houseInfo".*?data-el="region">(.*?)</a>.*?<div="totalPrice">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>(.*?)</div> Web客户端验证(参数名:auth) auth=("用户名","密码") 案例 ：09_Web客户端验证.py '''09_Web客户端验证.py''' import requests import re class NoteSpider: def __init__(self): self.headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0"} self.url = "网址" self.proxies = {"http":"http://309435365:szayclhp@123.206.119.108:16817"} # auth参数存储用户名和密码(必须为元组) self.auth = ("账号","密码") def getParsePage(self): res = requests.get(self.url, proxies=self.proxies, headers=self.headers, auth=self.auth, timeout=3) res.encoding = "utf-8" html = res.text print(html) p = re.compile('<a href=".*?>(.*?)</a>',re.S) r_list = p.findall(html) print(r_list) self.writePage(r_list) def writePage(self,r_list): print("开始写入文件...") with open("达内科技.txt","a") as f: for r_str in r_list: f.write(r_str + "\n\n") print("写入成功") if __name__ == "__main__": spider = NoteSpider() spider.getParsePage() SSL证书认证(参数名:verify) verify = True : 默认,进行SSL证书认证 verify = False: 不做认证 '''10_SSL证书认证示例.py''' import requests url = "https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/" headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0"} res = requests.get(url,headers=headers,verify=False) res.encoding = "utf-8" print(res.text) urllib.request中Handler处理器 定义 自定义的urlopen()方法,urlopen()方法是一个特殊的opener(模块已定义好), 不支持代理等功能,通过Handler处理器对象来自定义opener对象 常用方法 build_opener(Handler处理器对象) ：创建opener对象 opener.open(url,参数) # 创建Handler处理器对象 http_handler = urllib.request.HTTPHandler() #proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler() # 创建自定义的opener对象 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(http_handler) # 利用opener对象的open()方法发请求 req = urllib.request.Request(url) res = opener.open(req) print(res.read().decode("utf-8")) Handler处理器分类 HTTPHandler() ：没有任何特殊功能 ProxyHandler(普通代理) 代理: {"协议":"IP地址:端口号"} ProxyBasicAuthHandler(密码管理器对象) ：私密代理 HTTPBasicAuthHandler(密码管理器对象) : web客户端认证 密码管理器对象作用 私密代理 Web客户端认证 程序实现流程 创建密码管理器对象 pwdmg = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() 把认证信息添加到密码管理器对象 pwdmg.add_password(None,webserver,user,passwd) 创建Handler处理器对象 私密代理 proxy = urllib.request.ProxyAuthBasicHandler(pwdmg) Web客户端 webbasic = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(pwdmg) # 创建Handler处理器对象 pro_hand = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxy) # 创建自定义opener对象 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(pro_hand) # opener对象open方法发请求 req = urllib.request.Request(url) res = opener.open(req) print(res.read().decode("utf-8")) 爬取猫眼电影排行榜存入MongoDB数据库 '''06_猫眼电影top100抓取.py''' import requests import re import pymongo class MaoyanSpider: def __init__(self): self.baseurl = "http://maoyan.com/board/4?offset=" self.headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0"} self.page = 1 self.offset = 0 self.proxies = {"http":"http://309435365:szayclhp@123.206.119.108:16817"} self.conn = pymongo.MongoClient("localhost",27017) self.db = self.conn.Film self.myset = self.db.top100 # 下载页面 def loadPage(self,url): res = requests.get(url,headers=self.headers) res.encoding = "utf-8" html = res.text self.parsePage(html) # 解析页面 def parsePage(self,html): p = re.compile('<div class="movie-item-info">.*?title="(.*?)".*?<p class="star">(.*?)</p>.*?releasetime">(.*?)</p>',re.S) r_list = p.findall(html) # print(r_list) # [("霸王别姬","张国荣","1994-01-01"),(),()...] self.writeTomysql(r_list) def writeTomysql(self,r_list): for r_tuple in r_list: name = r_tuple[0].strip() star = r_tuple[1].strip() releasetime = r_tuple[2].strip() D = {"name":name, "star":star, "releasetime":releasetime} self.myset.insert(D) print("存入数据库成功") def workOn(self): while True: c = input("爬取请按y(y/n):") if c.strip().lower() == "y": self.offset = (self.page-1)*10 url = self.baseurl + str(self.offset) self.loadPage(url) self.page += 1 else: print("爬取结束,谢谢使用!") break if __name__ == "__main__": spider = MaoyanSpider() spider.workOn()
