一、Rook概述

1.1 Rook简介

Rook 是一个开源的cloud-native storage编排, 提供平台和框架；为各种存储解决方案提供平台、框架和支持，以便与云原生环境本地集成。目前主要专用于Cloud-Native环境的文件、块、对象存储服务。它实现了一个自我管理的、自我扩容的、自我修复的分布式存储服务。

Rook支持自动部署、启动、配置、分配（provisioning）、扩容/缩容、升级、迁移、灾难恢复、监控，以及资源管理。为了实现所有这些功能，Rook依赖底层的容器编排平台，例如 kubernetes、CoreOS 等。。

Rook 目前支持Ceph、NFS、Minio Object Store、Edegefs、Cassandra、CockroachDB 存储的搭建。

项目地址：https://github.com/rook/rook

网站：https://rook.io/

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1.2 Rook组件

Rook的主要组件有三个，功能如下：

1. Rook Operator

   • Rook与Kubernetes交互的组件
   • 整个Rook集群只有一个

2. Agent or Driver

   • Flex Driver

   已经被淘汰的驱动方式，在安装之前，请确保k8s集群版本是否支持CSI，如果不支持，或者不想用CSI，选择flex.

   • Ceph CSI Driver

   默认全部节点安装，你可以通过 node affinity 去指定节点

3. Device discovery

   发现新设备是否作为存储，可以在配置文件ROOK_ENABLE_DISCOVERY_DAEMON设置 enable 开启。

1.3 Rook & Ceph框架

Rook 如何集成在kubernetes 如图：

使用Rook部署Ceph集群的架构图如下：

部署的Ceph系统可以提供下面三种Volume Claim服务：

• Block Storage：目前最稳定；
• FileSystem：需要部署MDS，有内核要求；
• Object：部署RGW；

二、ROOK 部署

2.1 准备工作

2.1.1 版本要求

kubernetes v.11 以上

2.1.2 存储要求

rook部署的ceph 是不支持lvm direct直接作为osd存储设备的，如果想要使用lvm，可以使用pvc的形式实现。方法在后面的ceph安装会提到

为了配置 Ceph 存储集群，至少需要以下本地存储选项之一：

• 原始设备（无分区或格式化的文件系统）
• 原始分区（无格式文件系统） 可以 lsblk -f查看，如果 FSTYPE不为空说明有文件系统
• 可通过 block 模式从存储类别获得 PV

2.1.3 系统要求

本次安装环境

• kubernetes 1.18
• centos7.8
• kernel 5.4.65-200.el7.x86_64
• calico 3.16

2.1.3.1 需要安装lvm包

sudo yum install -y lvm2

2.1.3.2 内核要求

RBD

一般发行版的内核都编译有，但你最好确定下：

foxchan@~$ lsmod|grep rbd
rbd                   114688  0 
libceph               368640  1 rbd

可以用以下命令放到开机启动项里

cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/rbd.modules << EOF
modprobe rbd
EOF

CephFS

如果你想使用cephfs,内核最低要求是4.17。

2.2 部署ROOK

Github上下载Rook最新release

git clone --single-branch --branch v1.5.1 https://github.com/rook/rook.gits

安装公共部分

cd rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph
kubectl create -f crds.yaml -f common.yaml

安装operator

kubectl apply -f operator.yaml

如果放到生产环境，请提前规划好。operator的配置在ceph安装后不能修改，否则rook会删除集群并重建。

修改内容如下：

# 启用cephfs 
ROOK_CSI_ENABLE_CEPHFS: "true"
# 开启内核驱动替换ceph-fuse
CSI_FORCE_CEPHFS_KERNEL_CLIENT: "true"
#修改csi镜像为私有仓，加速部署时间
ROOK_CSI_CEPH_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/cephcsi/cephcsi:v3.1.2"
ROOK_CSI_REGISTRAR_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-node-driver-registrar:v2.0.1"
ROOK_CSI_RESIZER_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-resizer:v1.0.0"
ROOK_CSI_PROVISIONER_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-provisioner:v2.0.0"
ROOK_CSI_SNAPSHOTTER_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-snapshotter:v3.0.0"
ROOK_CSI_ATTACHER_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-attacher:v3.0.0"
# 可以设置NODE_AFFINITY 来指定csi 部署的节点
# 我把plugin 和 provisioner分开了，具体调度方式看你集群资源。
CSI_PROVISIONER_NODE_AFFINITY: "app.rook.role=csi-provisioner"
CSI_PLUGIN_NODE_AFFINITY: "app.rook.plugin=csi"
#修改metrics端口，可以不改，我因为集群网络是host，为了避免端口冲突
# Configure CSI CSI Ceph FS grpc and liveness metrics port
CSI_CEPHFS_GRPC_METRICS_PORT: "9491"
CSI_CEPHFS_LIVENESS_METRICS_PORT: "9481"
# Configure CSI RBD grpc and liveness metrics port
CSI_RBD_GRPC_METRICS_PORT: "9490"
CSI_RBD_LIVENESS_METRICS_PORT: "9480"
# 修改rook镜像，加速部署时间
image: harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/rook/ceph:v1.5.1
# 指定节点做存储
        - name: DISCOVER_AGENT_NODE_AFFINITY
          value: "app.rook=storage"
# 开启设备自动发现
        - name: ROOK_ENABLE_DISCOVERY_DAEMON
          value: "true"

2.3 部署ceph集群

cluster.yaml文件里的内容需要修改，一定要适配自己的硬件情况，请详细阅读配置文件里的注释，避免我踩过的坑。

修改内容如下：

此文件的配置，除了增删osd设备外，其他的修改都要重装ceph集群才能生效，所以请提前规划好集群。如果修改后不卸载ceph直接apply，会触发ceph集群重装，导致集群异常挂掉

apiVersion: ceph.rook.io/v1
kind: CephCluster
metadata:
# 命名空间的名字，同一个命名空间只支持一个集群
  name: rook-ceph
  namespace: rook-ceph
spec:
# ceph版本说明
# v13 is mimic, v14 is nautilus, and v15 is octopus.
  cephVersion:
#修改ceph镜像，加速部署时间
    image: harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/ceph/ceph:v15.2.5
# 是否允许不支持的ceph版本
    allowUnsupported: false
#指定rook数据在节点的保存路径
  dataDirHostPath: /data/rook
# 升级时如果检查失败是否继续
  skipUpgradeChecks: false
# 从1.5开始，mon的数量必须是奇数
  mon:
    count: 3
# 是否允许在单个节点上部署多个mon pod
    allowMultiplePerNode: false
  mgr:
    modules:
    - name: pg_autoscaler
      enabled: true
# 开启dashboard，禁用ssl，指定端口是7000，你可以默认https配置。我是为了ingress配置省事。
  dashboard:
    enabled: true
    port: 7000
    ssl: false
# 开启prometheusRule
  monitoring:
    enabled: true
# 部署PrometheusRule的命名空间，默认此CR所在命名空间
    rulesNamespace: rook-ceph
# 开启网络为host模式，解决无法使用cephfs pvc的bug
  network:
    provider: host
# 开启crash collector，每个运行了Ceph守护进程的节点上创建crash collector pod
  crashCollector:
    disable: false
# 设置node亲缘性，指定节点安装对应组件
  placement:
    mon:
      nodeAffinity:
        requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          nodeSelectorTerms:
          - matchExpressions:
            - key: ceph-mon
              operator: In
              values:
              - enabled

    osd:
      nodeAffinity:
        requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          nodeSelectorTerms:
          - matchExpressions:
            - key: ceph-osd
              operator: In
              values:
              - enabled

    mgr:
      nodeAffinity:
        requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          nodeSelectorTerms:
          - matchExpressions:
            - key: ceph-mgr
              operator: In
              values:
              - enabled 
# 存储的设置，默认都是true，意思是会把集群所有node的设备清空初始化。
  storage: # cluster level storage configuration and selection
    useAllNodes: false     #关闭使用所有Node
    useAllDevices: false   #关闭使用所有设备
    nodes:
    - name: "192.168.1.162"  #指定存储节点主机
      devices:
      - name: "nvme0n1p1"    #指定磁盘为nvme0n1p1
    - name: "192.168.1.163"
      devices:
      - name: "nvme0n1p1"
    - name: "192.168.1.164"
      devices:
      - name: "nvme0n1p1"
    - name: "192.168.1.213"
      devices:
      - name: "nvme0n1p1"

更多 cluster 的 CRD 配置参考：

• https://github.com/rook/rook/blob/master/Documentation/ceph-cluster-crd.md

执行安装

kubectl apply -f cluster.yaml
# 需要等一段时间，所有pod都已正常启动
[foxchan@k8s-master ceph]$ kubectl get pods -n rook-ceph 
NAME                                                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
csi-cephfsplugin-b5tlr                                    3/3     Running     0          19h
csi-cephfsplugin-mjssm                                    3/3     Running     0          19h
csi-cephfsplugin-provisioner-5cf5ffdc76-mhdgz             6/6     Running     0          19h
csi-cephfsplugin-provisioner-5cf5ffdc76-rpdl8             6/6     Running     0          19h
csi-cephfsplugin-qmvkc                                    3/3     Running     0          19h
csi-cephfsplugin-tntzd                                    3/3     Running     0          19h
csi-rbdplugin-4p75p                                       3/3     Running     0          19h
csi-rbdplugin-89mzz                                       3/3     Running     0          19h
csi-rbdplugin-cjcwr                                       3/3     Running     0          19h
csi-rbdplugin-ndjcj                                       3/3     Running     0          19h
csi-rbdplugin-provisioner-658dd9fbc5-fwkmc                6/6     Running     0          19h
csi-rbdplugin-provisioner-658dd9fbc5-tlxd8                6/6     Running     0          19h
prometheus-rook-prometheus-0                              2/2     Running     1          3d17h
rook-ceph-mds-myfs-a-5cbcdc6f9c-7mdsv                     1/1     Running     0          19h
rook-ceph-mds-myfs-b-5f4cc54b87-m6m6f                     1/1     Running     0          19h
rook-ceph-mgr-a-f98d4455b-bwhw7                           1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-ceph-mon-a-5d445d4b8d-lmg67                          1/1     Running     1          20h
rook-ceph-mon-b-769c6fd76f-jrlc8                          1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-ceph-mon-c-6bfd8954f5-tbsnd                          1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-ceph-operator-7d8cc65dc-8wtl8                        1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-ceph-osd-0-c558ff759-bzbgw                           1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-ceph-osd-1-5c97d69d78-dkxbb                          1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-ceph-osd-2-7dddc7fd56-p58mw                          1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-ceph-osd-3-65ff985c7d-9gfgj                          1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-ceph-osd-prepare-192.168.1.213-pw5gr                 0/1     Completed   0          19h
rook-ceph-osd-prepare-192.168.1.162-wtkm8                 0/1     Completed   0          19h
rook-ceph-osd-prepare-192.168.1.163-b86r2                 0/1     Completed   0          19h
rook-ceph-osd-prepare-192.168.1.164-tj79t                 0/1     Completed   0          19h
rook-discover-89v49                                       1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-discover-jdzhn                                       1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-discover-sl9bv                                       1/1     Running     0          20h
rook-discover-wg25w                                       1/1     Running     0          20h

2.4 增删osd

2.4.1 添加相关label

kubectl label nodes 192.168.1.165 app.rook=storage
kubectl label nodes 192.168.1.165 ceph-osd=enabled

2.4.2 修改cluster.yaml

    nodes:
    - name: "192.168.1.162"
      devices:
      - name: "nvme0n1p1" 
    - name: "192.168.1.163"
      devices:
      - name: "nvme0n1p1"
    - name: "192.168.1.164"
      devices:
      - name: "nvme0n1p1"
    - name: "192.168.17.213"
      devices:
      - name: "nvme0n1p1"
  #添加165的磁盘信息 
    - name: "192.168.1.165"
      devices:
      - name: "nvme0n1p1"    

2.4.3 apply cluster.yaml

kubectl apply -f cluster.yaml

2.4.4 删除osd

cluster.yaml去掉相关节点，再apply

2.5 安装dashboard

这是我自己的traefik ingress，yaml目录里有很多dashboard暴露方式，自行选择

dashboard已经在前述的步骤中包含了，这里只需要把dashboard service的服务暴露出来。有多种方法，我使用的是ingress的方式来暴露：

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Ingre***oute
metadata:
  name: traefik-ceph-dashboard
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik-v2.3
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - web
  routes:
  - match: Host(`ceph.foxchan.com`)
    kind: Rule
    services:
    - name: rook-ceph-mgr-dashboard
      namespace: rook-ceph
      port: 7000
    middlewares:
      - name: gs-ipwhitelist

登录 dashboard 需要安全访问。Rook 在运行 Rook Ceph 集群的名称空间中创建一个默认用户，admin 并生成一个称为的秘密rook-ceph-dashboard-admin-password

要检索生成的密码，可以运行以下命令：

kubectl -n rook-ceph get secret rook-ceph-dashboard-password -o jsonpath="{['data']['password']}" | base64 --decode && echo

2.6 安装toolbox

执行下面的命令：

kubectl apply -f toolbox.yaml

成功后，可以使用下面的命令来确定toolbox的pod已经启动成功：

kubectl -n rook-ceph get pod -l "app=rook-ceph-tools"

然后可以使用下面的命令登录该pod，执行各种ceph命令：

kubectl -n rook-ceph exec -it deploy/rook-ceph-tools -- bash

比如：

• ceph status
• ceph osd status
• ceph df
• rados df

删除toolbox

kubectl -n rook-ceph delete deploy/rook-ceph-tools

2.7 prometheus监控

监控部署很简单，利用Prometheus Operator，独立部署一套prometheus

安装prometheus operator

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/prometheus-operator/v0.40.0/bundle.yaml

安装prometheus

git clone --single-branch --branch v1.5.1 https://github.com/rook/rook.git
cd rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph/monitoring
kubectl create -f service-monitor.yaml
kubectl create -f prometheus.yaml
kubectl create -f prometheus-service.yaml

默认是nodeport方式暴露

echo "http://$(kubectl -n rook-ceph -o jsonpath={.status.hostIP} get pod prometheus-rook-prometheus-0):30900"

开启Prometheus Alerts

此操作必须在ceph集群安装之前

安装rbac

kubectl create -f cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph/monitoring/rbac.yaml

确保cluster.yaml 开启

apiVersion: ceph.rook.io/v1
kind: CephCluster
metadata:
  name: rook-ceph
  namespace: rook-ceph
[...]
spec:
[...]
  monitoring:
    enabled: true
    rulesNamespace: "rook-ceph"
[...]

Grafana Dashboards

Grafana 版本大于等于 7.2.0

推荐一下dashboard

• Ceph - Cluster
• Ceph - OSD (Single)
• Ceph - Pools

2.8 删除ceph集群

删除ceph集群前，请先清理相关pod

删除块存储和文件存储

kubectl delete -n rook-ceph cephblockpool replicapool
kubectl delete storageclass rook-ceph-block
kubectl delete -f csi/cephfs/filesystem.yaml
kubectl delete storageclass csi-cephfs rook-ceph-block

删除operator和相关crd

kubectl delete -f operator.yaml
kubectl delete -f common.yaml
kubectl delete -f crds.yaml

清除主机上的数据

删除Ceph集群后，在之前部署Ceph组件节点的/data/rook/目录，会遗留下Ceph集群的配置信息。

若之后再部署新的Ceph集群，先把之前Ceph集群的这些信息删除，不然启动monitor会失败；

# cat clean-rook-dir.sh
hosts=(
  192.168.1.213
  192.168.1.162
  192.168.1.163
  192.168.1.164
)

for host in ${hosts[@]} ; do
  ssh $host "rm -rf /data/rook/*"
done

清除device

#!/usr/bin/env bash
DISK="/dev/nvme0n1p1"
# Zap the disk to a fresh, usable state (zap-all is important, b/c MBR has to be clean)
# You will have to run this step for all disks.
sgdisk --zap-all $DISK
# hdd 用以下命令
dd if=/dev/zero of="$DISK" bs=1M count=100 oflag=direct,dsync
# ssd 用以下命令
blkdiscard $DISK

# These steps only have to be run once on each node
# If rook sets up osds using ceph-volume, teardown leaves some devices mapped that lock the disks.
ls /dev/mapper/ceph-* | xargs -I% -- dmsetup remove %
# ceph-volume setup can leave ceph-<UUID> directories in /dev (unnecessary clutter)
rm -rf /dev/ceph-*

如果因为某些原因导致删除ceph集群卡主，可以先执行以下命令， 再删除ceph集群就不会卡主了

kubectl -n rook-ceph patch cephclusters.ceph.rook.io rook-ceph -p '{"metadata":{"finalizers": []}}' --type=merge

2.9 rook升级

2.9.1 小版本升级

Rook v1.5.0 to Rook v1.5.1

git clone --single-branch --branch v1.5.1 https://github.com/rook/rook.gits
cd $YOUR_ROOK_REPO/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph/
kubectl apply -f common.yaml -f crds.yaml
kubectl -n rook-ceph set image deploy/rook-ceph-operator rook-ceph-operator=rook/ceph:v1.5.1

2.9.2 跨版本升级

Rook v1.4.x to Rook v1.5.x.

准备

设置环境变量

# Parameterize the environment
export ROOK_SYSTEM_NAMESPACE="rook-ceph"
export ROOK_NAMESPACE="rook-ceph"

升级之前需要保证集群健康

所有pod 是running

kubectl -n $ROOK_NAMESPACE get pods

通过tool 查看ceph集群状态是否正常

TOOLS_POD=$(kubectl -n $ROOK_NAMESPACE get pod -l "app=rook-ceph-tools" -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
kubectl -n $ROOK_NAMESPACE exec -it $TOOLS_POD -- ceph status

  cluster:
    id:     194d139f-17e7-4e9c-889d-2426a844c91b
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum a,b,c (age 25h)
    mgr: a(active, since 5h)
    mds: myfs:1 {0=myfs-b=up:active} 1 up:standby-replay
    osd: 4 osds: 4 up (since 25h), 4 in (since 25h)

  task status:
    scrub status:
        mds.myfs-a: idle
        mds.myfs-b: idle

  data:
    pools:   4 pools, 97 pgs
    objects: 2.08k objects, 7.6 GiB
    usage:   26 GiB used, 3.3 TiB / 3.3 TiB avail
    pgs:     97 active+clean

  io:
    client:   1.2 KiB/s rd, 2 op/s rd, 0 op/s wr

升级operator

1、 升级common和crd

git clone --single-branch --branch v1.5.1 https://github.com/rook/rook.gits
cd rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph
kubectl apply -f common.yaml -f crds.yaml

2、升级 Ceph CSI versions

可以修改cm来自己制定镜像版本，如果是默认的配置，无需修改

kubectl -n rook-ceph get configmap rook-ceph-operator-config

ROOK_CSI_CEPH_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/cephcsi/cephcsi:v3.1.1"
ROOK_CSI_REGISTRAR_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-node-driver-registrar:v2.0.1"
ROOK_CSI_PROVISIONER_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-provisioner:v2.0.0"
ROOK_CSI_SNAPSHOTTER_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-snapshotter:v3.0.0"
ROOK_CSI_ATTACHER_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-attacher:v3.0.0"
ROOK_CSI_RESIZER_IMAGE: "harbor.foxchan.com/google_containers/k8scsi/csi-resizer:v1.0.0"

3、升级 Rook Operator

kubectl -n $ROOK_SYSTEM_NAMESPACE set image deploy/rook-ceph-operator rook-ceph-operator=rook/ceph:v1.5.1

4、等待集群 升级完毕

watch --exec kubectl -n $ROOK_NAMESPACE get deployments -l rook_cluster=$ROOK_NAMESPACE -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{"  \treq/upd/avl: "}{.spec.replicas}{"/"}{.status.updatedReplicas}{"/"}{.status.readyReplicas}{"  \trook-version="}{.metadata.labels.rook-version}{"\n"}{end}'

5、验证集群升级完毕

kubectl -n $ROOK_NAMESPACE get deployment -l rook_cluster=$ROOK_NAMESPACE -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{"rook-version="}{.metadata.labels.rook-version}{"\n"}{end}' | sort | uniq

升级ceph 版本

如果集群状态不监控，operator会拒绝升级

1、升级ceph镜像

NEW_CEPH_IMAGE='ceph/ceph:v15.2.5'
CLUSTER_NAME=rook-ceph  
kubectl -n rook-ceph patch CephCluster rook-ceph --type=merge -p "{\"spec\": {\"cephVersion\": {\"image\": \"$NEW_CEPH_IMAGE\"}}}"

2、观察pod 升级

watch --exec kubectl -n $ROOK_NAMESPACE get deployments -l rook_cluster=$ROOK_NAMESPACE -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{"  \treq/upd/avl: "}{.spec.replicas}{"/"}{.status.updatedReplicas}{"/"}{.status.readyReplicas}{"  \tceph-version="}{.metadata.labels.ceph-version}{"\n"}{end}'

3、查看ceph集群是否正常

kubectl -n $ROOK_NAMESPACE get deployment -l rook_cluster=$ROOK_NAMESPACE -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{"ceph-version="}{.metadata.labels.ceph-version}{"\n"}{end}' | sort | uniq

三、部署块存储

3.1 创建pool和StorageClass

# 定义一个块存储池
apiVersion: ceph.rook.io/v1
kind: CephBlockPool
metadata:
  name: replicapool
  namespace: rook-ceph
spec:
  # 每个数据副本必须跨越不同的故障域分布，如果设置为host，则保证每个副本在不同机器上
  failureDomain: host
  # 副本数量
  replicated:
    size: 3
    # Disallow setting pool with replica 1, this could lead to data loss without recovery.
    # Make sure you're *ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN* that is what you want
    requireSafeReplicaSize: true
    # gives a hint (%) to Ceph in terms of expected consumption of the total cluster capacity of a given pool
    # for more info: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/rados/operations/placement-groups/#specifying-expected-pool-size
    #targetSizeRatio: .5
---
# 定义一个StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
   name: rook-ceph-block
# 该SC的Provisioner标识，rook-ceph前缀即当前命名空间
provisioner: rook-ceph.rbd.csi.ceph.com
parameters:
    # clusterID 就是集群所在的命名空间名
    # If you change this namespace, also change the namespace below where the secret namespaces are defined
    clusterID: rook-ceph

    # If you want to use erasure coded pool with RBD, you need to create
    # two pools. one erasure coded and one replicated.
    # You need to specify the replicated pool here in the `pool` parameter, it is
    # used for the metadata of the images.
    # The erasure coded pool must be set as the `dataPool` parameter below.
    #dataPool: ec-data-pool
    # RBD镜像在哪个池中创建
    pool: replicapool

    # RBD image format. Defaults to "2".
    imageFormat: "2"

    # 指定image特性，CSI RBD目前仅仅支持layering
    imageFeatures: layering

    # Ceph admin 管理凭证配置,由operator 自动生成
    # in the same namespace as the cluster.
    csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-name: rook-csi-rbd-provisioner
    csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
    csi.storage.k8s.io/controller-expand-secret-name: rook-csi-rbd-provisioner
    csi.storage.k8s.io/controller-expand-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
    csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-name: rook-csi-rbd-node
    csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
    # 卷的文件系统类型，默认ext4，不建议xfs，因为存在潜在的死锁问题（超融合设置下卷被挂载到相同节点作为OSD时）
    csi.storage.k8s.io/fstype: ext4
# uncomment the following to use rbd-nbd as mounter on supported nodes
# **IMPORTANT**: If you are using rbd-nbd as the mounter, during upgrade you will be hit a ceph-csi
# issue that causes the mount to be disconnected. You will need to follow special upgrade steps
# to restart your application pods. Therefore, this option is not recommended.
#mounter: rbd-nbd
allowVolumeExpansion: true
reclaimPolicy: Delete

3.2 demo示例

推荐pvc 和应用写到一个yaml里面

#创建pvc
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: rbd-demo-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
  storageClassName: rook-ceph-block
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: csirbd-demo-pod
  labels:
    test-cephrbd: "true"
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      test-cephrbd: "true"
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        test-cephrbd: "true"
    spec:
      containers:
       - name: web-server-rbd
         image: harbor.foxchan.com/sys/nginx:1.19.4-alpine
         volumeMounts:
           - name: mypvc
             mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
       - name: mypvc
         persistentVolumeClaim:
           claimName: rbd-demo-pvc
           readOnly: false

四、部署文件系统

4.1 创建CephFS

CephFS的CSI驱动使用Quotas来强制应用PVC声明的大小，仅仅4.17+内核才能支持CephFS quotas。

如果内核不支持，而且你需要配额管理，配置Operator环境变量 CSI_FORCE_CEPHFS_KERNEL_CLIENT: false来启用FUSE客户端。

使用FUSE客户端时，升级Ceph集群时应用Pod会断开mount，需要重启才能再次使用PV。

apiVersion: ceph.rook.io/v1
kind: CephFilesystem
metadata:
  name: myfs
  namespace: rook-ceph
spec:
  # The metadata pool spec. Must use replication.
  metadataPool:
    replicated:
      size: 3
      requireSafeReplicaSize: true
    parameters:
      # Inline compression mode for the data pool
      # Further reference: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/nautilus/rados/configuration/bluestore-config-ref/#inline-compression
      compression_mode: none
        # gives a hint (%) to Ceph in terms of expected consumption of the total cluster capacity of a given pool
      # for more info: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/rados/operations/placement-groups/#specifying-expected-pool-size
      #target_size_ratio: ".5"
  # The list of data pool specs. Can use replication or erasure coding.
  dataPools:
    - failureDomain: host
      replicated:
        size: 3
        # Disallow setting pool with replica 1, this could lead to data loss without recovery.
        # Make sure you're *ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN* that is what you want
        requireSafeReplicaSize: true
      parameters:
        # Inline compression mode for the data pool
        # Further reference: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/nautilus/rados/configuration/bluestore-config-ref/#inline-compression
        compression_mode: none
          # gives a hint (%) to Ceph in terms of expected consumption of the total cluster capacity of a given pool
        # for more info: https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/rados/operations/placement-groups/#specifying-expected-pool-size
        #target_size_ratio: ".5"
  # Whether to preserve filesystem after CephFilesystem CRD deletion
  preserveFilesystemOnDelete: true
  # The metadata service (mds) configuration
  metadataServer:
    # The number of active MDS instances
    activeCount: 1
    # Whether each active MDS instance will have an active standby with a warm metadata cache for faster failover.
    # If false, standbys will be available, but will not have a warm cache.
    activeStandby: true
    # The affinity rules to apply to the mds deployment
    placement:
      nodeAffinity:
        requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          nodeSelectorTerms:
          - matchExpressions:
            - key: app.storage
              operator: In
              values:
              - rook-ceph
    #  topologySpreadConstraints:
    #  tolerations:
    #  - key: mds-node
    #    operator: Exists
    #  podAffinity:
      podAntiAffinity:
         requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
         - labelSelector:
             matchExpressions:
             - key: ceph-mds
               operator: In
               values:
               - enabled
            # topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname will place MDS across different hosts
           topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
         preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
         - weight: 100
           podAffinityTerm:
             labelSelector:
               matchExpressions:
               - key: ceph-mds
                 operator: In
                 values:
                  - enabled
              # topologyKey: */zone can be used to spread MDS across different AZ
              # Use <topologyKey: failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone> in k8s cluster if your cluster is v1.16 or lower
              # Use <topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone>  in k8s cluster is v1.17 or upper
             topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
    # A key/value list of annotations
    annotations:
    #  key: value
    # A key/value list of labels
    labels:
    #  key: value
    resources:
    # The requests and limits set here, allow the filesystem MDS Pod(s) to use half of one CPU core and 1 gigabyte of memory
    #  limits:
    #    cpu: "500m"
    #    memory: "1024Mi"
    #  requests:
    #    cpu: "500m"
    #    memory: "1024Mi"
    # priorityClassName: my-priority-class

4.2 创建StorageClass

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: rook-cephfs
provisioner: rook-ceph.cephfs.csi.ceph.com
parameters:
  # clusterID is the namespace where operator is deployed.
  clusterID: rook-ceph

  # CephFS filesystem name into which the volume shall be created
  fsName: myfs

  # Ceph pool into which the volume shall be created
  # Required for provisionVolume: "true"
  pool: myfs-data0

  # Root path of an existing CephFS volume
  # Required for provisionVolume: "false"
  # rootPath: /absolute/path

  # The secrets contain Ceph admin credentials. These are generated automatically by the operator
  # in the same namespace as the cluster.
  csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-name: rook-csi-cephfs-provisioner
  csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
  csi.storage.k8s.io/controller-expand-secret-name: rook-csi-cephfs-provisioner
  csi.storage.k8s.io/controller-expand-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
  csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-name: rook-csi-cephfs-node
  csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-namespace: rook-ceph

  # (optional) The driver can use either ceph-fuse (fuse) or ceph kernel client (kernel)
  # If omitted, default volume mounter will be used - this is determined by probing for ceph-fuse
  # or by setting the default mounter explicitly via --volumemounter command-line argument.
  #使用kernel client
  mounter: kernel
reclaimPolicy: Delete
allowVolumeExpansion: true
mountOptions:
  # uncomment the following line for debugging
  #- debug

4.3 创建pvc

在创建cephfs 的pvc 发现一直处于pending状态，社区有人认为是网络组件的差异，目前我的calico无法成功，只能改为host模式，flannel可以。

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: cephfs-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
  storageClassName: rook-cephfs

4.4 demo示例

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: cephfs-demo-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
  storageClassName: rook-cephfs
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: csicephfs-demo-pod
  labels:
    test-cephfs: "true"
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      test-cephfs: "true"
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        test-cephfs: "true"
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: web-server
        image: harbor.foxchan.com/sys/nginx:1.19.4-alpine
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        volumeMounts:
        - name: mypvc
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
      - name: mypvc
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: cephfs-demo-pvc
          readOnly: false

五、遇到问题

5.1 lvm direct 不能直接做osd 存储

官方issue

https://github.com/rook/rook/issues/5751

https://github.com/rook/rook/issues/2047

解决方式：

可以手动创建本地pvc，把lvm挂载上在做osd设备。如果手动闲麻烦，可以使用local-path-provisioner

5.2 Cephfs pvc pending

官方issue

https://github.com/rook/rook/issues/6183

https://github.com/rook/rook/issues/4006

解决方式：

更换k8s 网络组件，或者把ceph集群网络开启host