Docker 三剑客之 Docker Compose
Docker Compose 项目是 Docker 官方的开源项目,负责实现对 Docker 容器集群的快速编排,开源地址:https://github.com/docker/compose Docker Compose 中的两个重要概念: 服务 (service):一个应用容器,实际上可以运行多个相同镜像的实例。 项目 (project):由一组关联的应用容器组成的一个完整业务单元。 一个项目可以由多个服务关联(容器)而成,并使用docker-compose.yml进行管理。 安装命令: $ curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.17.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose $ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 这种方式安装巨慢无比,我们可以使用 PIP 安装,如果没有 PIP 环境,需要手动安装下: $ apt-get update $ apt-get -y install python-pip 或 $ curl "https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py" -o "get-pip.py" $ python get-pip.py $ pip --help $ pip -V PIP 安装命令: $ sudo pip install -U docker-compose PIP 安装之后,执行 Docker Compose 命令的时候,会出现下面错误: $ docker-compose up Cannot open self /usr/local/bin/docker-compose or archive /usr/local/bin/docker-compose.pkg 解决方式,从官方源中手动下载安装包,然后移动到制定目录赋予权限,命令如下: $ cp -i docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin $ mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 docker-compose $ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 安装好之后,我们就可以使用 Docker Compose 进行容器编排了,我们就拿之前做的HelloDocker.Sample项目做为示例。 我们在HelloDocker.Sample.Web项目目录下,创建docker-compose.yml配置文件,示例: consul: command: agent -bind=10.9.10.89 -client=0.0.0.0 -node=vagrant-ubuntu-xishuai -retry-join=10.9.2.236 image: consul:latest ports: - 8300:8300 - 8400:8400 - 8500:8500 - 8600:53/udp net: host fabio: image: magiconair/fabio:latest ports: - 9999:9999 - 9998:9998 net: host volumes: - /etc/fabio/fabio.properties:/etc/fabio/fabio.properties environment: - SERVICE_9998_TAGS=urlprefix-/fabio hello-docker: ports: - 54917:54917 build: . net: host 其实看配置就明了了,一个项目中包含三个服务(consul,fabio和hell-docker容器),Docker Compose 对这三个服务进行编排部署,我们执行docker-compose up命令,启动项目: $ docker-compose up -d Creating hellodockerweb_fabio_1 ... Creating hellodockerweb_hello-docker_1 ... Creating hellodockerweb_consul_1 ... Creating hellodockerweb_fabio_1 Creating hellodockerweb_hello-docker_1 Creating hellodockerweb_consul_1 ... done 我们可以执行docker-compose ps, 查看运行的服务(容器): $ docker-compose ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ hellodockerweb_consul_1 docker-entrypoint.sh agent ... Up hellodockerweb_fabio_1 /fabio -cfg /etc/fabio/fab ... Up hellodockerweb_hello-docker_1 dotnet HelloDocker.Web.dll Up 或者执行docker-compose logs,查看日志: docker-compose logs Attaching to hellodockerweb_consul_1, hellodockerweb_hello-docker_1, hellodockerweb_fabio_1 consul_1 | ==> Starting Consul agent... consul_1 | ==> Consul agent running! consul_1 | Version: 'v1.0.0' consul_1 | Node ID: '521358bc-efc0-1a69-4a58-a9bfc8a9b09c' consul_1 | Node name: 'vagrant-ubuntu-xishuai' consul_1 | Datacenter: 'dc1' (Segment: '') consul_1 | Server: false (Bootstrap: false) consul_1 | Client Addr: [0.0.0.0] (HTTP: 8500, HTTPS: -1, DNS: 8600) consul_1 | Cluster Addr: 10.9.10.89 (LAN: 8301, WAN: 8302) consul_1 | Encrypt: Gossip: false, TLS-Outgoing: false, TLS-Incoming: false consul_1 | consul_1 | ==> Log data will now stream in as it occurs: consul_1 | consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: vagrant-ubuntu-xishuai 10.9.10.89 consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 0.0.0.0:8600 (tcp) consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 0.0.0.0:8600 (udp) consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Started HTTP server on [::]:8500 (tcp) consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Retry join LAN is supported for: aws azure gce softlayer consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Joining LAN cluster... consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: (LAN) joining: [10.9.2.236] consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [WARN] manager: No servers available consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No known Consul servers consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: agent_1 10.9.2.236 consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: windows64-xishuai 10.9.10.187 consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: (LAN) joined: 1 Err: <nil> consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Join LAN completed. Synced with 1 initial agents consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: adding server agent_1 (Addr: tcp/10.9.2.236:8300) (DC: dc1) consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] agent: Synced service 'fabio-vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-9998' hello-docker_1 | warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[35] hello-docker_1 | No XML encryptor configured. Key {3d8c2a18-ed43-4df9-980f-8573175ebecf} may be persisted to storage in unencrypted form. hello-docker_1 | Hosting environment: Production hello-docker_1 | Content root path: /app hello-docker_1 | Now listening on: http://[::]:54917 hello-docker_1 | Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down. fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Setting log level to INFO fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Runtime config fabio_1 | { fabio_1 | "Proxy": { fabio_1 | "Strategy": "rnd", fabio_1 | "Matcher": "prefix", fabio_1 | "NoRouteStatus": 404, fabio_1 | "MaxConn": 10000, fabio_1 | "ShutdownWait": 0, fabio_1 | "DialTimeout": 30000000000, fabio_1 | "ResponseHeaderTimeout": 0, fabio_1 | "KeepAliveTimeout": 0, fabio_1 | "FlushInterval": 1000000000, fabio_1 | "LocalIP": "10.0.2.15", fabio_1 | "ClientIPHeader": "", fabio_1 | "TLSHeader": "", fabio_1 | "TLSHeaderValue": "", fabio_1 | "GZIPContentTypes": null, fabio_1 | "RequestID": "" fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "Registry": { fabio_1 | "Backend": "consul", fabio_1 | "Static": { fabio_1 | "Routes": "" fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "File": { fabio_1 | "Path": "" fabio_1 | }, consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [WARN] agent: check 'service:8a600176-4c58-4edc-95af-71fc27345954' has deregister interval below minimum of 1m0s consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] agent: Synced service '8a600176-4c58-4edc-95af-71fc27345954' consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] agent: Synced service 'fabio-vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-9998' consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:35 [INFO] agent: Synced check 'service:fabio-vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-9998' consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:40 [INFO] agent: Synced check 'service:8a600176-4c58-4edc-95af-71fc27345954' consul_1 | ==> Newer Consul version available: 1.0.1 (currently running: 1.0.0) consul_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:57 [WARN] memberlist: Refuting a suspect message (from: agent_1) fabio_1 | "Consul": { fabio_1 | "Addr": "10.9.10.89:8500", fabio_1 | "Scheme": "http", fabio_1 | "Token": "", fabio_1 | "KVPath": "/fabio/config", fabio_1 | "TagPrefix": "urlprefix-", fabio_1 | "Register": true, fabio_1 | "ServiceAddr": "10.9.10.89:9998", fabio_1 | "ServiceName": "fabio", fabio_1 | "ServiceTags": null, fabio_1 | "ServiceStatus": [ fabio_1 | "passing" fabio_1 | ], fabio_1 | "CheckInterval": 1000000000, fabio_1 | "CheckTimeout": 3000000000, fabio_1 | "CheckScheme": "http", fabio_1 | "CheckTLSSkipVerify": false fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "Timeout": 10000000000, fabio_1 | "Retry": 500000000 fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "Listen": [ fabio_1 | { fabio_1 | "Addr": ":9999", fabio_1 | "Proto": "http", fabio_1 | "ReadTimeout": 0, fabio_1 | "WriteTimeout": 0, fabio_1 | "CertSource": { fabio_1 | "Name": "", fabio_1 | "Type": "", fabio_1 | "CertPath": "", fabio_1 | "KeyPath": "", fabio_1 | "ClientCAPath": "", fabio_1 | "CAUpgradeCN": "", fabio_1 | "Refresh": 0, fabio_1 | "Header": null fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "StrictMatch": false, fabio_1 | "TLSMinVersion": 0, fabio_1 | "TLSMaxVersion": 0, fabio_1 | "TLSCiphers": null fabio_1 | } fabio_1 | ], fabio_1 | "Log": { fabio_1 | "AccessFormat": "common", fabio_1 | "AccessTarget": "", fabio_1 | "RoutesFormat": "delta", fabio_1 | "Level": "INFO" fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "Metrics": { fabio_1 | "Target": "", fabio_1 | "Prefix": "{{clean .Hostname}}.{{clean .Exec}}", fabio_1 | "Names": "{{clean .Service}}.{{clean .Host}}.{{clean .Path}}.{{clean .TargetURL.Host}}", fabio_1 | "Interval": 30000000000, fabio_1 | "Timeout": 10000000000, fabio_1 | "Retry": 500000000, fabio_1 | "GraphiteAddr": "", fabio_1 | "StatsDAddr": "", fabio_1 | "Circonus": { fabio_1 | "APIKey": "", fabio_1 | "APIApp": "fabio", fabio_1 | "APIURL": "", fabio_1 | "CheckID": "", fabio_1 | "BrokerID": "" fabio_1 | } fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "UI": { fabio_1 | "Listen": { fabio_1 | "Addr": ":9998", fabio_1 | "Proto": "http", fabio_1 | "ReadTimeout": 0, fabio_1 | "WriteTimeout": 0, fabio_1 | "CertSource": { fabio_1 | "Name": "", fabio_1 | "Type": "", fabio_1 | "CertPath": "", fabio_1 | "KeyPath": "", fabio_1 | "ClientCAPath": "", fabio_1 | "CAUpgradeCN": "", fabio_1 | "Refresh": 0, fabio_1 | "Header": null fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "StrictMatch": false, fabio_1 | "TLSMinVersion": 0, fabio_1 | "TLSMaxVersion": 0, fabio_1 | "TLSCiphers": null fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "Color": "light-green", fabio_1 | "Title": "", fabio_1 | "Access": "rw" fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "Runtime": { fabio_1 | "GOGC": 800, fabio_1 | "GOMAXPROCS": 1 fabio_1 | }, fabio_1 | "ProfileMode": "", fabio_1 | "ProfilePath": "/tmp" fabio_1 | } fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Version 1.5.3 starting fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Go runtime is go1.9.2 fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Metrics disabled fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Setting GOGC=800 fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Setting GOMAXPROCS=1 fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [WARN] Error initializing backend. Get http://10.9.10.89:8500/v1/agent/self: dial tcp 10.9.10.89:8500: getsockopt: connection refused fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: Connecting to "10.9.10.89:8500" in datacenter "dc1" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Admin server access mode "rw" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Admin server listening on ":9998" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Waiting for first routing table fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: Using dynamic routes fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: Using tag prefix "urlprefix-" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: Watching KV path "/fabio/config" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Manual config changed to #3821244 fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] HTTP proxy listening on :9999 fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] Access logging disabled fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] Using routing strategy "rnd" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] Using route matching "prefix" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Health changed to #3821756 fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Registered fabio with id "fabio-vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-9998" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Registered fabio with address "10.9.10.89" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Registered fabio with tags "" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Registered fabio with health check to "http://[10.9.10.89]:9998/health" fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:35 [INFO] Config updates fabio_1 | + route add test /test http://10.9.2.236:23421/ fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:35 [INFO] consul: Health changed to #3821762 fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:40 [INFO] consul: Health changed to #3821765 fabio_1 | 2017/11/21 04:41:42 [INFO] Config updates fabio_1 | + hello-docker /hello-docker http://10.9.10.89:54917/ fabio_1 | + route add 我们可以查看 Consul UI 中的服务是否运行正常: 或者查看 Fabio UI 中的服务是否存在(通过健康检查后会出现): YAML 配置命令 配置 说明 build 指定 Dockerfile 所在的目录地址,用于构建镜像,并使用此镜像创建容器,比如上面配置的build: . command 容器的执行命令 dns 自定义 dns 服务器 expose 暴露端口配置,但不映射到宿主机,只被连接的服务访问 extends 对docker-compose.yml的扩展,配置在服务中 image 使用的镜像名称或镜像 ID links 链接到其它服务中的容器(一般桥接网络模式使用) net 设置容器的网络模式(四种:bridge,none,container:[name or id]和host) ports 暴露端口信息,主机和容器的端口映射 volumes 数据卷所挂载路径设置 Docker Compose 常用命令 命令 说明 docker-compose build 构建项目中的镜像,--force-rm:删除构建过程中的临时容器;--no-cache:不使用缓存构建;--pull:获取最新版本的镜像 docker-compose up -d 构建镜像、创建服务和启动项目,-d表示后台运行 docker-compose run ubuntu ls -d 指定服务上运行一个命令,-d表示后台运行 docker-compose logs 查看服务容器输出日志 docker-compose ps 列出项目中所有的容器 docker-compose pause [service_name] 暂停一个服务容器 docker-compose unpause [service_name] 恢复已暂停的一个服务容器 docker-compose restart 重启项目中的所有服务容器(也可以指定具体的服务) docker-compose stop 停止运行项目中的所有服务容器(也可以指定具体的服务) docker-compose start 启动已经停止项目中的所有服务容器(也可以指定具体的服务) docker-compose rm 删除项目中的所有服务容器(也可以指定具体的服务),-f:强制删除(包含运行的) 本文转自田园里的蟋蟀博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/xishuai/p/docker-compose.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者