python之常用模块

import sys import os pre_path = os.path.abspath('../') sys.path.append(pre_path)

yum pip apt-get ...

下载源码 解压源码 进入目录 编译源码 python setup.py build 安装源码 python setup.py install

yum install gcc yum install python-devel 或 apt-get python-dev

def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024): """copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst""" while 1: buf = fsrc.read(length) if not buf: break fdst.write(buf)

def copyfile(src, dst): """Copy data from src to dst""" if _samefile(src, dst): raise Error("`%s` and `%s` are the same file" % (src, dst)) for fn in [src, dst]: try: st = os.stat(fn) except OSError: # File most likely does not exist pass else: # XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...) if stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode): raise SpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe" % fn) with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc: with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst: copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)

def copymode(src, dst): """Copy mode bits from src to dst""" if hasattr(os, 'chmod'): st = os.stat(src) mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode) os.chmod(dst, mode)

def copystat(src, dst): """Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst""" st = os.stat(src) mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode) if hasattr(os, 'utime'): os.utime(dst, (st.st_atime, st.st_mtime)) if hasattr(os, 'chmod'): os.chmod(dst, mode) if hasattr(os, 'chflags') and hasattr(st, 'st_flags'): try: os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags) except OSError, why: for err in 'EOPNOTSUPP', 'ENOTSUP': if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err): break else: raise

def copy(src, dst): """Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst"). The destination may be a directory. """ if os.path.isdir(dst): dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src)) copyfile(src, dst) copymode(src, dst)

def copy2(src, dst): """Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst"). The destination may be a directory. """ if os.path.isdir(dst): dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src)) copyfile(src, dst) copystat(src, dst)

import zipfile # 压缩 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w') z.write('a.log') z.write('data.data') z.close() # 解压 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r') z.extractall() z.close()

import tarfile # 压缩 tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','w') tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/bbs2.zip', arcname='bbs2.zip') tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/cmdb.zip', arcname='cmdb.zip') tar.close() # 解压 tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','r') tar.extractall() # 可设置解压地址 tar.close()

import shelve d = shelve.open('shelve_test') #打开一个文件 class Test(object): def __init__(self,n): self.n = n t = Test(123) t2 = Test(123334) name = ["young","Jon","test"] d["test"] = name #持久化列表 d["t1"] = t #持久化类 d["t2"] = t2 d.close()

<?xml version="1.0"?> <data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year>2008</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/> <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/> </country> <country name="Singapore"> <rank updated="yes">5</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/> <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/> </country> </data>

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml") root = tree.getroot() print(root.tag) #遍历xml文档 for child in root: print(child.tag, child.attrib) for i in child: print(i.tag,i.text) #只遍历year 节点 for node in root.iter('year'): print(node.tag,node.text)

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml") root = tree.getroot() #修改 for node in root.iter('year'): new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set("updated","yes") tree.write("xmltest.xml") #删除node for country in root.findall('country'): rank = int(country.find('rank').text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country) tree.write('output.xml')

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET new_xml = ET.Element("namelist") name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"}) age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex") sex.text = '33' name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"}) age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age") age.text = '19' et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True) ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

# 注释1 ; 注释2 [section1] k1 = v1 k2:v2 [section2] k1 = v1 import ConfigParser config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() config.read('i.cfg') # ########## 读 ########## #secs = config.sections() #print secs #options = config.options('group2') #print options #item_list = config.items('group2') #print item_list #val = config.get('group1','key') #val = config.getint('group1','key') # ########## 改写 ########## #sec = config.remove_section('group1') #config.write(open('i.cfg', "w")) #sec = config.has_section('wupeiqi') #sec = config.add_section('wupeiqi') #config.write(open('i.cfg', "w")) #config.set('group2','k1',11111) #config.write(open('i.cfg', "w")) #config.remove_option('group2','age') #config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))

 1 import logging  2  3 #create logger  4 logger = logging.getLogger('TEST-LOG')  5 logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)  6  7  8 # create console handler and set level to debug  9 ch = logging.StreamHandler() 10 ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) 11 12 # create file handler and set level to warning 13 fh = logging.FileHandler("access.log") 14 fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING) 15 # create formatter 16 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s') 17 18 # add formatter to ch and fh 19 ch.setFormatter(formatter) 20 fh.setFormatter(formatter) 21 22 # add ch and fh to logger 23 logger.addHandler(ch) 24 logger.addHandler(fh) 25 26 # 'application' code 27 logger.debug('debug message') 28 logger.info('info message') 29 logger.warn('warn message') 30 logger.error('error message') 31 logger.critical('critical message')

import logging from logging import handlers logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) log_file = "timelog.log" #fh = handlers.RotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,maxBytes=10,backupCount=3) fh = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,when="S",interval=5,backupCount=3) formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(module)s:%(lineno)d %(message)s') fh.setFormatter(formatter) logger.addHandler(fh) logger.warning("test1") logger.warning("test12") logger.warning("test13") logger.warning("test14")

 1 print time.time()  2 print time.mktime(time.localtime())  3  4 print time.gmtime() #可加时间戳参数  5 print time.localtime() #可加时间戳参数  6 print time.strptime('2014-11-11', '%Y-%m-%d')  7  8 print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') #默认当前时间  9 print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime()) #默认当前时间 10 print time.asctime() 11 print time.asctime(time.localtime()) 12 print time.ctime(time.time()) 13 14 import datetime 15 ''' 16 datetime.date：表示日期的类。常用的属性有year, month, day 17 datetime.time：表示时间的类。常用的属性有hour, minute, second, microsecond 18 datetime.datetime：表示日期时间 19 datetime.timedelta：表示时间间隔，即两个时间点之间的长度 20 timedelta([days[, seconds[, microseconds[, milliseconds[, minutes[, hours[, weeks]]]]]]]) 21 strftime("%Y-%m-%d") 22 ''' 23 import datetime 24 print datetime.datetime.now() 25 print datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=5)