下面我们看看HBase Shell的一些基本操作命令，我列出了几个常用的HBase Shell命令，如下：
| 名称 |
命令表达式 |
| 创建表 |
create '表名称', '列名称1','列名称2','列名称N' |
| 添加记录 |
put '表名称', '行名称', '列名称:', '值' |
| 查看记录 |
get '表名称', '行名称' |
| 查看表中的记录总数 |
count '表名称' |
| 删除记录 |
delete '表名' ,'行名称' , '列名称' |
| 删除一张表 |
先要屏蔽该表，才能对该表进行删除，第一步 disable '表名称' 第二步 drop '表名称' |
| 查看所有记录 |
scan "表名称" |
| 查看某个表某个列中所有数据 |
scan "表名称" , ['列名称:'] |
| 更新记录 |
就是重写一遍进行覆盖 |
下面是一些常见命令的说明，在hbaseshell中输入help的帮助信息，在本文中，我们先介绍前3个，后面2个，将在下一篇博文中介绍。
- 输入help,查看命令帮助
- hbase(main):001:0> help
- HBase Shell, version 1.2.0, r25b281972df2f5b15c426c8963cbf77dd853a5ad, Thu Feb 18 23:01:49 CST 2016
- Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
- Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.
-
- COMMAND GROUPS:
- Group name: general
- Commands: status, table_help, version, whoami
-
- Group name: ddl
- Commands: alter, alter_async, alter_status, create, describe, disable, disable_all, drop, drop_all, enable, enable_all, exists, get_table, is_disabled, is_enabled, list, locate_region, show_filters
-
- Group name: namespace
- Commands: alter_namespace, create_namespace, describe_namespace, drop_namespace, list_namespace, list_namespace_tables
-
- Group name: dml
- Commands: append, count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, get_splits, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate_preserve
-
- Group name: tools
- Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, balancer_enabled, catalogjanitor_enabled, catalogjanitor_run, catalogjanitor_switch, close_region, compact, compact_rs, flush, major_compact, merge_region, move, normalize, normalizer_enabled, normalizer_switch, split, trace, unassign, wal_roll, zk_dump
-
- Group name: replication
- Commands: add_peer, append_peer_tableCFs, disable_peer, disable_table_replication, enable_peer, enable_table_replication, list_peers, list_replicated_tables, remove_peer, remove_peer_tableCFs, set_peer_tableCFs, show_peer_tableCFs
-
- Group name: snapshots
- Commands: clone_snapshot, delete_all_snapshot, delete_snapshot, list_snapshots, restore_snapshot, snapshot
-
- Group name: configuration
- Commands: update_all_config, update_config
-
- Group name: quotas
- Commands: list_quotas, set_quota
-
- Group name: security
- Commands: grant, list_security_capabilities, revoke, user_permission
-
- Group name: procedures
- Commands: abort_procedure, list_procedures
-
- Group name: visibility labels
- Commands: add_labels, clear_auths, get_auths, list_labels, set_auths, set_visibility
-
- SHELL USAGE:
- Quote all names in HBase Shell such as table and column names. Commas delimit
- command parameters. Type <RETURN> after entering a command to run it.
- Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables are
- Ruby Hashes. They look like this:
-
- {'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2', ...}
-
- and are opened and closed with curley-braces. Key/values are delimited by the
- '=>' character combination. Usually keys are predefined constants such as
- NAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc. Constants do not need to be quoted. Type
- 'Object.constants' to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment.
-
- If you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them in the shell, use
- double-quote'd hexadecimal representation. For example:
-
- hbase> get 't1', "key\x03\x3f\xcd"
- hbase> get 't1', "key\003\023\011"
- hbase> put 't1', "test\xef\xff", 'f1:
一、一般操作
1.查询服务器状态
hbase(main):024:0>status
3 servers, 0 dead,1.0000 average load
2.查询hbase版本
hbase(main):025:0>version
0.90.4, r1150278,Sun Jul 24 15:53:29 PDT 2011
二、DDL操作
1.创建一个表
hbase(main):011:0>create 'member','member_id','address','info'
0 row(s) in 1.2210seconds
2.获得表的描述
hbase(main):012:0>list
TABLE
member
1 row(s) in 0.0160seconds
hbase(main):006:0>describe 'member'
DESCRIPTION ENABLED
{NAME => 'member', FAMILIES => [{NAME=> 'address', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', true
VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE',TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'fa
lse', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME =>'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSI
ONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL=> '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false',
BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}
1 row(s) in 0.0230seconds
3.删除一个列族，alter，disable，enable
我们之前建了3个列族，但是发现member_id这个列族是多余的，因为他就是主键，所以我们要将其删除。
hbase(main):003:0>alter 'member',{NAME=>'member_id',METHOD=>'delete'}
ERROR: Table memberis enabled. Disable it first before altering.
报错，删除列族的时候必须先将表给disable掉。
hbase(main):004:0>disable 'member'
0 row(s) in 2.0390seconds
hbase(main):005:0>alter'member',{NAME=>'member_id',METHOD=>'delete'}
0 row(s) in 0.0560seconds
hbase(main):006:0>describe 'member'
DESCRIPTION ENABLED
{NAME => 'member', FAMILIES => [{NAME=> 'address', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0',false
VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE',TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'fa
lse', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME =>'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSI
ONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL=> '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false',
BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}
1 row(s) in 0.0230seconds
该列族已经删除，我们继续将表enable
hbase(main):008:0> enable 'member'
0 row(s) in 2.0420seconds
4.列出所有的表
hbase(main):028:0>list
TABLE
member
temp_table
2 row(s) in 0.0150seconds
5.drop一个表
hbase(main):029:0>disable 'temp_table'
0 row(s) in 2.0590seconds
hbase(main):030:0>drop 'temp_table'
0 row(s) in 1.1070seconds
6.查询表是否存在
hbase(main):021:0>exists 'member'
Table member doesexist
0 row(s) in 0.1610seconds
7.判断表是否enable
hbase(main):034:0>is_enabled 'member'
true
0 row(s) in 0.0110seconds
8.判断表是否disable
hbase(main):032:0>is_disabled 'member'
false
0 row(s) in 0.0110seconds
三、DML操作
1.插入几条记录
put'member','scutshuxue','info:age','24'
put'member','scutshuxue','info:birthday','1987-06-17'
put'member','scutshuxue','info:company','alibaba'
put'member','scutshuxue','address:contry','china'
put'member','scutshuxue','address:province','zhejiang'
put'member','scutshuxue','address:city','hangzhou'
put'member','xiaofeng','info:birthday','1987-4-17'
put'member','xiaofeng','info:favorite','movie'
put'member','xiaofeng','info:company','alibaba'
put'member','xiaofeng','address:contry','china'
put'member','xiaofeng','address:province','guangdong'
put'member','xiaofeng','address:city','jieyang'
put'member','xiaofeng','address:town','xianqiao'
2.获取一条数据
获取一个id的所有数据
hbase(main):001:0>get 'member','scutshuxue'
COLUMN CELL
address:city timestamp=1321586240244, value=hangzhou
address:contry timestamp=1321586239126, value=china
address:province timestamp=1321586239197, value=zhejiang
info:age timestamp=1321586238965, value=24
info:birthday timestamp=1321586239015, value=1987-06-17
info:company timestamp=1321586239071, value=alibaba
6 row(s) in 0.4720seconds
获取一个id，一个列族的所有数据
hbase(main):002:0>get 'member','scutshuxue','info'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586238965, value=24
info:birthday timestamp=1321586239015, value=1987-06-17
info:company timestamp=1321586239071, value=alibaba
3 row(s) in 0.0210seconds
获取一个id，一个列族中一个列的所有数据
hbase(main):002:0>get 'member','scutshuxue','info:age'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586238965, value=24
1 row(s) in 0.0320seconds
6.更新一条记录
将scutshuxue的年龄改成99
hbase(main):004:0>put 'member','scutshuxue','info:age' ,'99'
0 row(s) in 0.0210seconds
hbase(main):005:0>get 'member','scutshuxue','info:age'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586571843, value=99
1 row(s) in 0.0180seconds
3.通过timestamp来获取两个版本的数据
hbase(main):010:0>get 'member','scutshuxue',{COLUMN=>'info:age',TIMESTAMP=>1321586238965}
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586238965, value=24
1 row(s) in 0.0140seconds
hbase(main):011:0>get 'member','scutshuxue',{COLUMN=>'info:age',TIMESTAMP=>1321586571843}
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321586571843, value=99
1 row(s) in 0.0180seconds
4.全表扫描：
hbase(main):013:0>scan 'member'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
scutshuxue column=address:city, timestamp=1321586240244, value=hangzhou
scutshuxue column=address:contry, timestamp=1321586239126, value=china
scutshuxue column=address:province, timestamp=1321586239197, value=zhejiang
scutshuxue column=info:age,timestamp=1321586571843, value=99
scutshuxue column=info:birthday, timestamp=1321586239015, value=1987-06-17
scutshuxue column=info:company, timestamp=1321586239071, value=alibaba
temp column=info:age, timestamp=1321589609775, value=59
xiaofeng column=address:city, timestamp=1321586248400, value=jieyang
xiaofeng column=address:contry, timestamp=1321586248316, value=china
xiaofeng column=address:province, timestamp=1321586248355, value=guangdong
xiaofeng column=address:town, timestamp=1321586249564, value=xianqiao
xiaofeng column=info:birthday, timestamp=1321586248202, value=1987-4-17
xiaofeng column=info:company, timestamp=1321586248277, value=alibaba
xiaofeng column=info:favorite, timestamp=1321586248241, value=movie
3 row(s) in 0.0570seconds
5.删除id为temp的值的‘info:age’字段
hbase(main):016:0>delete 'member','temp','info:age'
0 row(s) in 0.0150seconds
hbase(main):018:0>get 'member','temp'
COLUMN CELL
0 row(s) in 0.0150seconds
6.删除整行
hbase(main):001:0>deleteall 'member','xiaofeng'
0 row(s) in 0.3990seconds
7.查询表中有多少行：
hbase(main):019:0>count 'member'
2 row(s) in 0.0160seconds
8.给‘xiaofeng’这个id增加'info:age'字段，并使用counter实现递增
hbase(main):057:0*incr 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'
COUNTER VALUE = 1
hbase(main):058:0>get 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321590997648, value=\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01
1 row(s) in 0.0140seconds
hbase(main):059:0>incr 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'
COUNTER VALUE = 2
hbase(main):060:0>get 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1321591025110, value=\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02
1 row(s) in 0.0160seconds
获取当前count的值
hbase(main):069:0>get_counter 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'
COUNTER VALUE = 2
9.将整张表清空：
hbase(main):035:0>truncate 'member'
Truncating 'member'table (it may take a while):
- Disabling table...
- Dropping table...
- Creating table...
0 row(s) in 4.3430seconds
可以看出，hbase是先将掉disable掉，然后drop掉后重建表来实现truncate的功能的。
