>>> b = str.encode(y)
>>> type(b) >>> b b’Hello World!’
To alter from bytes to str, capitalize on bytes.decode().
>>> z = b”Hello World!”
>>> y = “Hello World!”
>>> type(z)

>>> type(y)

To alter from str to bytes, capitalize on str.encode().
>>> a = bytes.decode(z)
>>> type(a)

>>> a
‘Hello World!’


# to utf-8		
'BG7NYT'.encode('utf-8')
# to utf-16
'BG7NYT'.encode('utf-16')
			
			

strHello = "the length of (%s) is %d" %('Hello World',len('Hello World')) print strHello