一、下载mysql8镜像

docker pull mysql

二、创建mysql8配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf #编辑MySQL配置文件

my.cnf文件内容

# Copyright (c) 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA

#
# The MySQL  Server configuration file.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
secure-file-priv= NULL
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

三、创建mysql容器

docker run -p 60306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123 -v /etc/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf:rw -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro --name mysql8 --restart=always -dit mysql

-p 60306:3306 #本机60306端口映射到容器3306端口
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123 #设置MySQL的root用户密码
-v /etc/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf:rw #本机的MySQL配置文件映射到容器的MySQL配置文件
-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro #本机时间与数据库时间同步
--name mysql8 #设置容器别名
--restart=always #当重启Docker时会自动启动该容器
-dit mysql #后台运行并可控制台接入

四、进入mysql控制台

docker exec -it b6cfb244d0c0 bash #进入MySQL容器
mysql -uroot -p123 #进入MySQL控制台
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; #修改root用户密码