Docker安装与镜像管理（一）
一、安装docker yum install epel-resase yum install docker-io （RHEL6） yum install docker （RHEL7） 系统： [root@kvm ~]# uname -a Linux kvm.huangming.org 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@kvm ~]# cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.7 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m 二、启动docker 1 2 3 4 5 6 [root@kvm~] #/etc/init.d/dockerstart Startingdocker: [OK] [root@kvm~] #ps-ef|grepdocker root39001119:28pts /0 00:00:00 /usr/bin/docker -d root392739003419:28pts /0 00:00:04mkfs.ext4-Enodiscard,lazy_itable_init=0 /dev/mapper/docker-8 :3-1573967-base root39383606019:28pts /0 00:00:00 grep docker 三、镜像管理 docker pull centos #从docker.com获取centos镜像 docker images #查看本地镜像 docker tag centos test-img #为centos镜像设置标签为test-img，在使用docker image查看时会多出一行，更改的image id和centos的一样 docker search [image-name] #搜索docker仓库里的docker镜像 docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash #用下载到的镜像开启容器，-i表示让容器的标准输入打开，-t表示分配一个伪终端，要把-i -t放到镜像名字的前面。当镜像发生修改后，我们可以把该镜像提交重新生成一个新版本运行在本地 docker ps #查看运行的容器，加-a选项可以查看没有运行的容器 docker rmi centos #用来删除指定的镜像，其中后面的参数可以是tag，如果是tag时，实际上是删除该tag，只要该镜像还有其他的tag，就不会删除该镜像。当后面的参数为ID时，则会彻底删除整个镜像，连同所有的标签。 1、下载centos镜像 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [root@kvm~] #dockerpullcentos latest:Pullingfromcentos 47d44cb6f252:Alreadyexists 6fdebd7b0eb5:Alreadyexists a63aae4d216f:Alreadyexists Digest:sha256:381f21e4c7b3724c6f420b2bcfa6e13e47ed155192869a2a04fa10f944c78476 Status:Imageisupto date for centos:latest 2、查看下载到本地镜像 1 2 3 [root@kvm~] #dockerimages REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDVIRTUALSIZE centoslatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB 3、查看docker仓库镜像 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 [root@kvm~] #dockersearchcentos NAMEDESCRIPTIONSTARSOFFICIALAUTOMATED centosTheofficialbuildofCentOS.2069[OK] jdeathe /centos-ssh CentOS-66.7x86_64/CentOS-77.2.1511x8...18[OK] jdeathe /centos-ssh-apache-php CentOS-66.7x86_64/Apache/PHP/PHPM...14[OK] million12 /centos-supervisor BaseCentOS-7withsupervisordlauncher,h...10[OK] blalor /centos Bare-bonesbaseCentOS6.5image8[OK] nimmis /java-centos ThisisdockerimagesofCentOS7withdif...8[OK] torusware /speedus-centos AlwaysupdatedofficialCentOSdockerimag...7[OK] centos /mariadb55-centos7 3[OK] nathonfowlie /centos-jre LatestCentOSimagewiththeJREpre-insta...3[OK] nickistre /centos-lamp LAMPoncentossetup3[OK] consol /sakuli-centos-xfce Sakuliend-2-endtestingandmonitoringco...2[OK] softvisio /centos Centos1[OK] layerworx /centos CentOScontainerwithetcd,etcdctl,confd...1[OK] yajo /centos-epel CentOSwithEPELandfullyupdated1[OK] lighthopper /orientdb-centos ADockerfile for creatinganOrientDBimag...1[OK] darksheer /centos BaseCentosImage--Updatedhourly1[OK] timhughes /centos Centoswithsystemdinstalledandrunning1[OK] januswel /centos yumupdate-edCentOSimage0[OK] drokar /centos-s6 centOScombinedwiths6,asmallprocesss...0[OK] lighthopper /openjdk-centos ADockerfile for creatinganOpenJDKimage...0[OK] ustclug /centos USTCcentos0[OK] blacklabelops /centos CentOSBaseImage!BuiltandUpdatesDaily!0[OK] grayzone /centos autobuild for centos.0[OK] jsmigel /centos-epel DockerbaseimageofCentOSw/EPELinstalled0[OK] grossws /centos CentOS6and7baseimageswithgosuandl...0[OK] 4、开启一个容器docker run -it centos /bin/bash 1 2 [root@kvm~] #dockerrun-itcentos/bin/bash [root@8c1fd812d079/] # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 [root@8c1fd812d079/] #cat/etc/redhat-release CentOSLinuxrelease7.2.1511(Core) [root@8c1fd812d079/] #uname-a Linux8c1fd812d0792.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1SMPThuJul2315:44:03UTC2015x86_64x86_64x86_64GNU/Linux [root@8c1fd812d079/] #w 11:55:12up42min,0 users ,loadaverage:0.00,0.03,0.01 USERTTYFROMLOGIN@IDLEJCPUPCPUWHAT [root@8c1fd812d079/] #ps PIDTTYTIMECMD 1?00:00:00 bash 16?00:00:00 ps [root@8c1fd812d079/] #uptime 11:55:21up42min,0 users ,loadaverage:0.00,0.02,0.01 [root@8c1fd812d079/] #df-Th FilesystemTypeSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon /dev/mapper/docker-8 :3-1573967-8c1fd812d0790d1868bcec389a50c6f7a08c6c099167141393af0961e7b850beext49.8G230M9.0G3%/ tmpfstmpfs1.9G01.9G0% /dev shmtmpfs64M064M0% /dev/shm /dev/sda3 ext443G4.6G36G12% /etc/hosts [root@8c1fd812d079/] #exit 1 2 3 4 [root@kvm~] #dockerps-a CONTAINERIDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES f732106147ebcentos "/bin/bash" 17secondsagoUp15secondshigh_heisenberg 8c1fd812d079centos "/bin/bash" 3minutesagoExited(0)Aboutaminuteagograve_mcclintock 5、修改镜像名称 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 [root@kvm~] #dockerimages REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDVIRTUALSIZE centoslatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB [root@kvm~] #dockertagcentostest-img [root@kvm~] #dockerimages REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDVIRTUALSIZE centoslatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB test -imglatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB [root@kvm~] #dockertagtest-imgcentos:test-img2 [root@kvm~] #dockerimages REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDVIRTUALSIZE test -imglatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB centoslatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB centos test -img2bb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB 6、删除镜像 1 2 3 4 5 6 [root@kvm~] #dockerrmicentos:test-img2 Untagged:centos: test -img2 [root@kvm~] #dockerimages REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDVIRTUALSIZE centoslatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB test -imglatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB 四、docker镜像使用容器生成新的镜像 1、启动镜像 1 2 3 4 5 6 [root@kvm~] #dockerstart8c1fd 8c1fd [root@kvm~] #dockerps-a CONTAINERIDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES f732106147ebcentos "/bin/bash" 12minutesagoExited(0)43secondsagohigh_heisenberg 8c1fd812d079centos "/bin/bash" 15minutesagoUp3seconds 2、进入已启动的容器docker exec -it 【镜像ID，可以简写】 /bin/bash 1 2 [root@kvm~] #dockerexec-it8c1fd/bin/bash [root@8c1fd812d079/] # 3、在容器中安装软件（安装网卡包net-tools） [root@8c1fd812d079 /]# yum install net-tools wget -y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 [root@8c1fd812d079/] #ifconfig eth0:flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>mtu1500 inet172.17.0.3netmask255.255.0.0broadcast0.0.0.0 inet6fe80::42:acff:fe11:3prefixlen64scopeid0x20<link> ether02:42:ac:11:00:03txqueuelen0(Ethernet) RXpackets5419bytes10411538(9.9MiB) RXerrors0dropped0overruns0frame0 TXpackets4127bytes268377(262.0KiB) TXerrors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0 lo:flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>mtu65536 inet127.0.0.1netmask255.0.0.0 inet6::1prefixlen128scopeid0x10<host> looptxqueuelen0(LocalLoopback) RXpackets0bytes0(0.0B) RXerrors0dropped0overruns0frame0 TXpackets0bytes0(0.0B) TXerrors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0 4、生成新的镜像 docker commit -m "change somth" -a "somebody info" container_id new-image 例如：docker commit -m "install httpd" -a "test-image1"8c1fd812d079 test/centos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [root@kvm~] #dockercommit-m"centos_with_nettools_and_wget"-a"author"8c1fd812d079centos_new1 3e4be15719e03e909f39a7c03f3c7cd4fa6f2a8e282b2b88204d0224104b20e6 [root@kvm~] #dockerimages REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDVIRTUALSIZE centos_new1latest3e4be15719e016secondsago268MB centoslatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB test -imglatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB 五、docker基于本地模版导入创建镜像 1、下载地址https://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/ 2、下载一个镜像模版 导入镜像 #cat centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz | docker import - centos-6-x86_64 导出镜像 #docker save -o new-centos.tar new-image/centos 恢复本地镜像 #docker load --input new-centos.tar 或者 docker load < new-centos.tar 上传镜像到dockerhub官网，前提需要注册一个用户 #docker push image-name 3、导入镜像 1 2 [root@kvmsrc] #catcentos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz|dockerimport-centos-6-x86_64 1014358cbf3b643cae13e830afc539cbf0e02aa40f6c77583898a0cbd33a9561 查看镜像 1 2 3 4 5 6 [root@kvmsrc] #dockerimages REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDVIRTUALSIZE centos-6-x86_64latest1014358cbf3bAboutaminuteago326.4MB centos_new1latest3e4be15719e024hoursago268MB test -imglatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB centoslatestbb3d629a7cbc3weeksago196.6MB 4、导出镜像 1 2 3 [root@kvmsrc] #dockersave-ocentos_net_01.tarbb3d629a7cbc [root@kvmsrc] #du-shcentos_net_01.tar 195M centos_net_01. tar 5、强制删除镜像 1 2 3 [root@kvmsrc] #dockerrmi-fbb3d629a7cbc Untagged:centos:latest Untagged: test -img:latest 6、恢复镜像 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 [root@kvmsrc] #dockerload<centos_net_img2.tar [root@kvmsrc] #dockerimages REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDVIRTUALSIZE centos-6-x86_64latest1014358cbf3b18minutesago326.4MB <none><none>3e4be15719e024hoursago268MB [root@kvmsrc] #dockertag3e4be15719e0centos_net_img:latest [root@kvmsrc] #dockerimages REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEIDCREATEDVIRTUALSIZE centos-6-x86_64latest1014358cbf3b21minutesago326.4MB centos_net_imglatest3e4be15719e024hoursago268MB 本文转自 HMLinux 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/7424593/1758611
