Docker安装与镜像管理（一）
一、安装docker
yum install epel-resase
yum install docker-io （RHEL6）
yum install docker （RHEL7）
系统：
[root@kvm ~]# uname -a
Linux kvm.huangming.org 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@kvm ~]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
二、启动docker
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[root@kvm ~]
# /etc/init.d/docker start
Starting docker: [ OK ]
[root@kvm ~]
# ps -ef |grep docker
root 3900 1 1 19:28 pts
/0
00:00:00
/usr/bin/docker
-d
root 3927 3900 34 19:28 pts
/0
00:00:04 mkfs.ext4 -E nodiscard,lazy_itable_init=0
/dev/mapper/docker-8
:3-1573967-base
root 3938 3606 0 19:28 pts
/0
00:00:00
grep
docker
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三、镜像管理
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docker pull centos
#从docker.com获取centos镜像
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docker images
#查看本地镜像
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docker tag centos test-img
#为centos镜像设置标签为test-img，在使用docker image查看时会多出一行，更改的image id和centos的一样
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docker search [image-name]
#搜索docker仓库里的docker镜像
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docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash
#用下载到的镜像开启容器，-i表示让容器的标准输入打开，-t表示分配一个伪终端，要把-i -t放到镜像名字的前面。当镜像发生修改后，我们可以把该镜像提交重新生成一个新版本运行在本地
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docker ps
#查看运行的容器，加-a选项可以查看没有运行的容器
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docker rmi centos
#用来删除指定的镜像，其中后面的参数可以是tag，如果是tag时，实际上是删除该tag，只要该镜像还有其他的tag，就不会删除该镜像。当后面的参数为ID时，则会彻底删除整个镜像，连同所有的标签。
1、下载centos镜像
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker pull centos
latest: Pulling from centos
47d44cb6f252: Already exists
6fdebd7b0eb5: Already exists
a63aae4d216f: Already exists
Digest: sha256:381f21e4c7b3724c6f420b2bcfa6e13e47ed155192869a2a04fa10f944c78476
Status: Image is up to
date
for
centos:latest
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2、查看下载到本地镜像
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
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3、查看docker仓库镜像
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker search centos
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
centos The official build of CentOS. 2069 [OK]
jdeathe
/centos-ssh
CentOS-6 6.7 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.2.1511 x8... 18 [OK]
jdeathe
/centos-ssh-apache-php
CentOS-6 6.7 x86_64 / Apache / PHP / PHP M... 14 [OK]
million12
/centos-supervisor
Base CentOS-7 with supervisord launcher, h... 10 [OK]
blalor
/centos
Bare-bones base CentOS 6.5 image 8 [OK]
nimmis
/java-centos
This is docker images of CentOS 7 with dif... 8 [OK]
torusware
/speedus-centos
Always updated official CentOS docker imag... 7 [OK]
centos
/mariadb55-centos7
3 [OK]
nathonfowlie
/centos-jre
Latest CentOS image with the JRE pre-insta... 3 [OK]
nickistre
/centos-lamp
LAMP on centos setup 3 [OK]
consol
/sakuli-centos-xfce
Sakuli end-2-end testing and monitoring co... 2 [OK]
softvisio
/centos
Centos 1 [OK]
layerworx
/centos
CentOS container with etcd, etcdctl, confd... 1 [OK]
yajo
/centos-epel
CentOS with EPEL and fully updated 1 [OK]
lighthopper
/orientdb-centos
A Dockerfile
for
creating an OrientDB imag... 1 [OK]
darksheer
/centos
Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 1 [OK]
timhughes
/centos
Centos with systemd installed and running 1 [OK]
januswel
/centos
yum update-ed CentOS image 0 [OK]
drokar
/centos-s6
centOS combined with s6, a small process s... 0 [OK]
lighthopper
/openjdk-centos
A Dockerfile
for
creating an OpenJDK image... 0 [OK]
ustclug
/centos
USTC centos 0 [OK]
blacklabelops
/centos
CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 0 [OK]
grayzone
/centos
auto build
for
centos. 0 [OK]
jsmigel
/centos-epel
Docker base image of CentOS w/ EPEL installed 0 [OK]
grossws
/centos
CentOS 6 and 7 base images with gosu and l... 0 [OK]
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4、开启一个容器docker run -it centos /bin/bash
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
#
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[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
# uname -a
Linux 8c1fd812d079 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
#1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
# w
11:55:12 up 42 min, 0
users
, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.01
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:00
bash
16 ? 00:00:00
ps
[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
# uptime
11:55:21 up 42 min, 0
users
, load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.01
[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/docker-8
:3-1573967-8c1fd812d0790d1868bcec389a50c6f7a08c6c099167141393af0961e7b850be ext4 9.8G 230M 9.0G 3% /
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0%
/dev
shm tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0%
/dev/shm
/dev/sda3
ext4 43G 4.6G 36G 12%
/etc/hosts
[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
# exit
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f732106147eb centos
"/bin/bash"
17 seconds ago Up 15 seconds high_heisenberg
8c1fd812d079 centos
"/bin/bash"
3 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago grave_mcclintock
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5、修改镜像名称
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
[root@kvm ~]
# docker tag centos test-img
[root@kvm ~]
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
test
-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
[root@kvm ~]
# docker tag test-img centos:test-img2
[root@kvm ~]
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
test
-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
centos
test
-img2 bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
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6、删除镜像
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker rmi centos:test-img2
Untagged: centos:
test
-img2
[root@kvm ~]
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
test
-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
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四、docker镜像使用容器生成新的镜像
1、启动镜像
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker start 8c1fd
8c1fd
[root@kvm ~]
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f732106147eb centos
"/bin/bash"
12 minutes ago Exited (0) 43 seconds ago high_heisenberg
8c1fd812d079 centos
"/bin/bash"
15 minutes ago Up 3 seconds
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2、进入已启动的容器docker exec -it 【镜像ID，可以简写】 /bin/bash
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker exec -it 8c1fd /bin/bash
[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
#
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3、在容器中安装软件（安装网卡包net-tools）
[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# yum install net-tools wget -y
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[root@8c1fd812d079 /]
# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 5419 bytes 10411538 (9.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4127 bytes 268377 (262.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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4、生成新的镜像
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docker commit -m "change somth" -a "somebody info" container_id new-image
例如：docker commit -m "install httpd" -a "test-image1" 8c1fd812d079 test/centos
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[root@kvm ~]
# docker commit -m "centos_with_nettools_and_wget" -a "author" 8c1fd812d079 centos_new1
3e4be15719e03e909f39a7c03f3c7cd4fa6f2a8e282b2b88204d0224104b20e6
[root@kvm ~]
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos_new1 latest 3e4be15719e0 16 seconds ago 268 MB
centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
test
-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
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五、docker基于本地模版导入创建镜像
1、下载地址https://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/
2、下载一个镜像模版
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导入镜像
#cat centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz | docker import - centos-6-x86_64
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导出镜像
#docker save -o new-centos.tar new-image/centos
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恢复本地镜像
#docker load --input new-centos.tar 或者 docker load < new-centos.tar
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上传镜像到dockerhub官网，前提需要注册一个用户
#docker push image-name
3、导入镜像
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[root@kvm src]
# cat centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz | docker import - centos-6-x86_64
1014358cbf3b643cae13e830afc539cbf0e02aa40f6c77583898a0cbd33a9561
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查看镜像
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[root@kvm src]
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos-6-x86_64 latest 1014358cbf3b About a minute ago 326.4 MB
centos_new1 latest 3e4be15719e0 24 hours ago 268 MB
test
-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB
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4、导出镜像
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[root@kvm src]
# docker save -o centos_net_01.tar bb3d629a7cbc
[root@kvm src]
# du -sh centos_net_01.tar
195M centos_net_01.
tar
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5、强制删除镜像
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[root@kvm src]
# docker rmi -f bb3d629a7cbc
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged:
test
-img:latest
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6、恢复镜像
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[root@kvm src]
# docker load < centos_net_img2.tar
[root@kvm src]
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos-6-x86_64 latest 1014358cbf3b 18 minutes ago 326.4 MB
<none> <none> 3e4be15719e0 24 hours ago 268 MB
[root@kvm src]
# docker tag 3e4be15719e0 centos_net_img:latest
[root@kvm src]
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos-6-x86_64 latest 1014358cbf3b 21 minutes ago 326.4 MB
centos_net_img latest 3e4be15719e0 24 hours ago 268 MB
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本文转自 HMLinux 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/7424593/1758611
