Java 集合中常见 checkForComodification()方法的作用? modCount和expectedModCount作用?
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40254498/article/details/81386920 主要是用来实现fail-fast机制 有两个线程(线程A,线程B),其中线程A负责遍历list、线程B修改list。 -线程A在遍历list过程的某个时候(此时expectedModCount = modCount=N),线程启动, 同时线程B增加一个元素,这是modCount的值发生改变(modCount + 1 = N + 1)。 线程A继续遍历执行next方法时, 通告checkForComodification方法发现expectedModCount = N , 而modCount = N + 1,两者不等, 这时就抛出ConcurrentModificationException 异常,从而产生fail-fast机制。 /** * 当前取的是 JDK1.8 ArrayList中的代码 */ /** * The number of times this list has been <i>structurally modified</i>. * Structural modifications are those that change the size of the * list, or otherwise perturb it in such a fashion that iterations in * progress may yield incorrect results. * * <p>This field is used by the iterator and list iterator implementation * returned by the {@code iterator} and {@code listIterator} methods. * If the value of this field changes unexpectedly, the iterator (or list * iterator) will throw a {@code ConcurrentModificationException} in * response to the {@code next}, {@code remove}, {@code previous}, * {@code set} or {@code add} operations. This provides * <i>fail-fast</i> behavior, rather than non-deterministic behavior in * the face of concurrent modification during iteration. * * <p><b>Use of this field by subclasses is optional.</b> If a subclass * wishes to provide fail-fast iterators (and list iterators), then it * merely has to increment this field in its {@code add(int, E)} and * {@code remove(int)} methods (and any other methods that it overrides * that result in structural modifications to the list). A single call to * {@code add(int, E)} or {@code remove(int)} must add no more than * one to this field, or the iterators (and list iterators) will throw * bogus {@code ConcurrentModificationExceptions}. If an implementation * does not wish to provide fail-fast iterators, this field may be * ignored. */ protected transient int modCount = 0; 在父类AbstractList中定义了一个int型的属性:modCount protected transient int modCount = 0; 在ArrayList的所有涉及结构变化的方法中都增加modCount的值,包括:add()、remove()、addAll()、removeRange()及clear()方法。这些方法每调用一次,modCount的值就加1。注:add()及addAll()方法的modCount的值是在其中调用的ensureCapacity()方法中增加的。 AbstractList中的iterator()方法(ArrayList直接继承了这个方法)使用了一个私有内部成员类Itr,生成一个Itr对象(Iterator接口)返回: public Iterator iterator() { return new Itr(); } Itr实现了Iterator()接口,其中也定义了一个int型的属性:expectedModCount,这个属性在Itr类初始化时被赋予ArrayList对象的modCount属性的值。 int expectedModCount = modCount; 注:内部成员类Itr也是ArrayList类的一个成员,它可以访问所有的AbstractList的属性和方法。理解了这一点,Itr类的实现就容易理解了。 在Itr.hasNext()方法中: public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != size; } 调用了AbstractList的size,比较当前光标位置是否越界。 public Object next() { try { Object next = get(cursor); checkForComodification(); lastRet = cursor++; return next; } catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e) { checkForComodification(); throw new NoSuchElementException(); } } /** * 在对一个集合对象进行跌代操作的同时,并不限制对集合对象的元素进行操作 * 这些操作包括一些可能引起跌代错误的add()或remove()等危险操作。 * 在AbstractList中,使用了一个简单的机制来规避这些风险。 * 这就是modCount和expectedModCount的作用所在 */ final void checkForComodification() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); }