CentOS系列之简单搭建ftp服务器
注：以下全部是以CentOS 6为例 # 如果有需要的小伙伴可以将yum源转换到国内可以将以下shell粘贴带命令行等待执行结果 cd /etc/yum.repos.d mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo yum clean all yum makecache 1、安装vsftp和ftp(可安可不安) # 安装vsftp,ftp yum install vsftp # ftp 可不安装，不影响 yum install ftp 2、创建ftp所需要的用户 #添加组 groupadd -g 1002 vsftpd #创建用户组目录 mkdir -p /home/vsftpd #添加用户 useradd -c "FTP User" -d /home/vsftpd/vsftpd -g vsftpd -s /sbin/nologin -u 1002 vsftpd useradd -c "FTP User" -d /home/vsftpd/test -g vsftpd -s /sbin/nologin test #设置密码(格式：passswd 用户名)，输入密码回车，再次输入密码回车 passwd vsftpd passwd test #创建指定访问目录 mkdir -p /data/vsftpd mkdir -p /data/test #更改权限 chown vsftpd:vsftpd /data/vsftpd chown vsftpd:vsftpd /data/test chmod -R 775 /data/vsftpd chmod -R 775 /data/test 注：以后想添加用户可以以这为摸版进行创建 3、可以查看添加进来的新用户 cat /etc/passwd #如下 # vsftpd:x:1002:1002:FTP User:/home/vsftpd/vsftpd:/sbin/nologin # test:x:1003:1002:FTP User:/home/vsftpd/test:/sbin/nologin 注：/bin/false跟/sbin/nologin的区别! 1、/bin/false什么也不做只是返回一个错误状态,然后立即退出。将用户的shell设置为/bin/false,用户会无法登录,并且不会有任何提示。 2、/sbin/nologin会礼貌的向用户显示一条信息,并拒绝用户登录:This account is currently not available. 3、有一些软件,比如一些ftp服务器软件,对于本地非虚拟账户,只有用户有有效的shell才能使用ftp服务。这时候就可以使用/sbin/nologin使用户即不能登录系统,还能使用一些系统服务,比如ftp服务。/bin/false则不行,这是二者的重要区别之一 4、修改配置文件 #备份原文件 mv /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.txt #生成新的配置文件 touch /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf #编辑配置文件 vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 4.1、粘贴下面这些配置到vsftpd.conf # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. ascii_upload_enable=YES ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). chroot_local_user=NO chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES 5、设置FTP用户信息 #建立限制用户访问目录的空文件 touch /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list #添加ftp用户进来 vim /etc/vsftpd/user_list #注释掉上面的用户，在后面加上 vsftpd test #创建日志文件 mkdir -p /var/log/vsftpd mkdir -p /var/log/test touch /var/log/vsftpd/xferlog touch /var/log/vsftpd/vsftpd.log touch /var/log/vsftpd/test.log 6、处理防火墙 # 查看防火墙是否有端口,有就退出编辑，没有就执行下句 vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables #添加端口 -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 20000:30000 -j ACCEPT #保存 /etc/init.d/iptables save #另外需要注意，如果是阿里云的，还需要登录阿里云在安全组里面添加入方向规则 #重启iptables 服务 service iptables restart 7、重启vsftpd服务 #停止vsftpd 服务 service vsftpd stop #启动vsftpd 服务 service vsftpd start #重启vsftpd 服务 service vsftpd restart 1 2 3 4 5 6 8、测试 8.1、在浏览器中 8.2、在pycharm中测试
