本文主要讲述使用fdisk工具对磁盘进行分区和格式化的方法
首先要明确分区是针对磁盘进行的操做，磁盘分区会创建分区表，类似vda，sda的是磁盘，vda1，sda1的是分区
1.1. 查看分区挂载情况
1.2.查看服务器挂载的磁盘
fdisk -l
fdisk -l /dev/vdb
2.1.对vdb磁盘进行分区
进入交互式的分区界面，以下是分区操作步骤
m打印菜单
n新建分区
p选择主分区
e选择扩展分区
1选择分区号
选择初始位置，默认为1
选择结束为止，默认为磁盘结尾
分区创建完成，可以列表查看，保存退出
2.2.重新载入磁盘分区信息
无返回就是载入磁盘信息成功，针对磁盘进行操作
注意：
使用fdisk工具只是将分区信息写到磁盘，
在格式化分区值前需要使用partprobe让kernel重新读取分区信息，如果不成功则需要重启系统
3.1.对磁盘分区进行格式化
使用ext4文件系统
3.2.格式化完成后续优化配置，取消磁盘自检
4.1.挂载磁盘分区到指定目录
mkdir -p /data
mount /dev/vdb1 /data
4.2.配置开机自动挂载分区
/etc/fstab 增加一行
vim /etc/fstab
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/dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
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5.0.以下为实例演示：使用Ubuntu系统
5.1.查看磁盘分区信息
root@zstest:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 3.2M 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/vda1 50G 5.7G 41G 13% /
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
5.2.列表查看磁盘信息
root@zstest:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd6804155
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
5.3.对磁盘vdb进行分区
root@zstest:~# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x63c3e6e0.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
5.4.查看分区信息
root@zstest:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd6804155
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x63c3e6e0
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 83 Linux
5.5.重新载入磁盘分区信息
[root@zstest ~]# partprobe /dev/vdb
5.6.对指定磁盘分区进行格式化，使用ext4文件系统
root@zstest:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 13106944 4k blocks and 3276800 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 047fb8b0-e6ed-42db-bf5c-2a6d388fc34d
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
5.7.根据提示进行操作，取消磁盘自检
root@zstest:~# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1
tune2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Setting maximal mount count to -1
5.8.挂载分区到指定目录
mkdir -p /data
mount /dev/vdb1 /data
5.9.配置开机自动挂载分区
vim /etc/fstab
-------------------------------------------------------
# made by tssc
/dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
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完毕，呵呵呵呵
