Ubuntu 14.04.1为例，设置步骤如下：

一. 生成密钥的公钥和私钥

1. # ssh-keygen -t rsa 

2. Generating public/private rsa key pair.

   Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 

   Created directory '/root/.ssh'.

   Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): #输入密码

   Enter same passphrase again:                #输入密码

   Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

   Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

   The key fingerprint is:

                 1c:37:a8:a3:65:a2:4a:89:ab:46:30:ad:54:d1:40:eb root@iZ28vo50eu5Z

二. 将生成的私钥（id_rsa）下载到本地的windows机器上，并把公钥导入到.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中去

#  cd /root/.ssh/

1. #cat id_rsa.pub > authorized_keys 

三. 设置sshd  服务器服务，打开以下设置：

1. RSAAuthentication yes 

2. PubkeyAuthentication yes

1. AuthorizedKeysFile      /root/.ssh/authorized_keys 

2.  修改以下设置： 

3. ChallengeResponseAuthentication no 

4. PasswordAuthentication no 

5. UsePAM no 

四. 重启ssh服务

1. #service ssh  restart 

五. 导入私钥到远程工具中，比如xshell。

     新建连接，点击左边用户身份验证：

 http://help.aliyun.com/knowledge_detail/6502152.html?spm=5176.7114037.1996646101.29.mSdCu4&pos=15

本文转自毒逆天博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/dunitian/p/4970813.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者