#做出一个良好的抽象
class Payment(object):
    #规定了一个兼容接口
    def pay(self):
        pass

#微信支付
class WeChatPay(Payment):
    def pay(self,money):
        print('微信支付了%s'%money)

#支付宝支付
class AliPay(Payment):
    def pay(self,money):
        print('支付宝支付了%s'%money)

#苹果支付
class ApplePay(Payment):
    def pay(self,money):
        print('苹果支付了%s'%money)

def pay(obj,money):
    obj.pay(money)

weixin = WeChatPay()
alipay = AliPay()
applepay = ApplePay()

#调用者无需关心具体实现细节，可以一视同仁的处理实现了特定接口的所有对象
pay(weixin,100)
pay(alipay,200)
pay(applepay,300)

#一切皆文件
import abc #利用abc模块实现抽象类

class All_file(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    all_type='file'
    @abc.abstractmethod #定义抽象方法，无需实现功能
        def read(self):
        '子类必须定义读功能'
            pass

    @abc.abstractmethod #定义抽象方法，无需实现功能
        def write(self):
        '子类必须定义写功能'
            pass

# class Txt(All_file):
#     pass
#
# t1=Txt() #报错,子类没有定义抽象方法

class Txt(All_file): #子类继承抽象类，但是必须定义read和write方法
    def read(self):
        print('文本数据的读取方法')

    def write(self):
        print('文本数据的读取方法')

class Sata(All_file): #子类继承抽象类，但是必须定义read和write方法
    def read(self):
        print('硬盘数据的读取方法')

    def write(self):
        print('硬盘数据的读取方法')

class Process(All_file): #子类继承抽象类，但是必须定义read和write方法
    def read(self):
        print('进程数据的读取方法')

    def write(self):
        print('进程数据的读取方法')

wenbenwenjian=Txt()

yingpanwenjian=Sata()

jinchengwenjian=Process()

#这样大家都是被归一化了,也就是一切皆文件的思想
wenbenwenjian.read()
yingpanwenjian.write()
jinchengwenjian.read()

print(wenbenwenjian.all_type)
print(yingpanwenjian.all_type)
print(jinchengwenjian.all_type)

class Dog(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name

    @staticmethod # 将eat变成了静态方法，作用是将此方法断绝与类的联系，变普通函数
    def eat(self):
        print(" is eating")

d = Dog("ChenRonghua")
d.eat()
# 这样运行会出错，要想不出错
1.调用时，d.eat(d)。已经断绝与类的联系，"self"需要手动传入
2.eat()方法去掉参数self

class Cat(object):
    name = "华仔"
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
        self.__person = None

    @classmethod # 类方法
    def eat(self,food):
        print('{0}吃{1}' .format(self.name,food))

c1 = Cat("小猫")

c1.eat("鱼")
# 输出结果显示，类方法没有使用实例变量，使用的是类变量

class Cat(object):
    name = "华仔"
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
        self.person = None

    @property
    def talk(self):
        print("{0} is talking with {1}".format(self.name,self.person))

c1 = Cat("小猫")

c1.talk
#输出：小猫 is talking with None

  #在上述代码的基础上加上如下代码（在原eat方法的下面，类的里面） 
    @talk.setter   # 修改属性方法的值需要这样做
    def talk(self,person):
        print("{0} is talking with {1}".format(self.name,person))
        self.person = person

c1.talk = "Jack"
c1.talk   # 再次访问，发现真正修改了它
# 输出：
小猫 is talk with Jack

    @talk.deleter  # 删除属性方法的值需要这样做
    def talk(self):
        del self.person
        print("已删除talk")

del c1.talk
c1.talk # 删除后再访问运行出错！

class Dog(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
    
    def eat(self,name):
        print("{0} is eating {1}".format(self.name,name))

def bulk(self):
    print("{0} is yelling".format(self.name))

d = Dog("Alex")


chioce = input("请输入操作：").strip()
If hasattr(d,chioce) == True:
    fun = getattr(d,chioce)
    a = input("what does the dog want eating ?")
    fun(a)
else:
    setattr(d,chioce,bulk) # 将类外部的函数加入了类的内部
    v = getattr(d,chioce)
    v(d)

chioce = input("请输入操作：").strip()
setattr(d,chioce,18) # 创建属性并赋值
print(d.talk)
setattr(d,"name","Chen") # 修改已存在的name属性
print(d.name)

delattr(d,"name") # 删除name属性
#print(d.name)  # 报错

# 输入：talk
输出：
18
Chen
Chen is yelling

'''导入lib包，调用包下aa模块的text()函数'''
b = __import__("lib.aa")
b.aa.text()
"这是解释器内部用的，一般不建议用这个，建议用下面的"
#output：
from lib.aa.text()

vimport importlib
c = importlib.import_module("lib.aa")
"导入lib.aa。b 代表 lib.aa "
c.text()
#output：
from lib.aa.text()

name = ["alex","jack"]
data = {}
try:
    a=5
    f = open("123","r")   #会触发异常Exception，这个包括了所有个异常
    name[3]         # 会触发异常indexError
    data["name"]  # 会触发异常KeyError
except KeyError as e:
    print("没有此信息",e)
except IndexError as e:
    print("列表索引超出范围",e)
except Exception as e:
    print("未知错误",e)
else: # 一切正常的情况下会执行后面的语句
    print("OK")
finally:
    print("不管有没有错误，都会执行的语句") 
#输出：

未知错误 [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '123'
不管有没有错误，都会执行的语句

try:
    name[3]
    data["name"]
except (KeyError,IndexError) as e:
    print("没有此信息",e)

try:
    name[3]
    data["name"]
except Exception as e: # 一劳永逸，无论出现什么错误都会异常处理
    print("出错了",e)

try:
    name1 = 10
     b = 20
except Exception as e:
    print("错误！")

# output：
 File "F:/Python Files/Learning Log/day7/异常处理.py", line 44
    b = 20
    ^
IndentationError: unexpected indent

class A(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
a = A("Alex")
try:
    assert type(a.name) is str # 意为：断定A.name的类型是字符串
except AssertionError:
    print("is not str")