public interface Executor {
    void execute(Runnable command);
}

public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {
    //正常关闭（不再接收新任务，执行完队列中的任务）
    void shutdown();
    //强行关闭（关闭当前正在执行的任务，返回所有尚未启动的任务清单）
    List<Runnable> shutdownNow();

    boolean isShutdown();

    boolean isTerminated();

    <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);

    <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);

    Future<?> submit(Runnable task);
    ...
}

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {...}

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                  0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                  new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());

        while (true){
            pool.submit(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(10000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }

    }
}

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);

        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            int finalI = i + 1;
            pool.submit(() -> {
                try {
                    System.out.println("任务"+ finalI +":开始等待2秒,时间:"+LocalTime.now()+",当前线程名："+Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                    System.out.println("任务"+ finalI +":结束等待2秒,时间:"+LocalTime.now()+",当前线程名："+Thread.currentThread().getName());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });

        }
        pool.shutdown();
    }
}

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            int finalI = i + 1;
            pool.submit(() -> {
                try {
                    System.out.println("任务"+ finalI +":开始等待60秒,时间:"+LocalTime.now()+",当前线程名："+Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    Thread.sleep(60000);
                    System.out.println("任务"+ finalI +":结束等待60秒,时间:"+LocalTime.now()+",当前线程名："+Thread.currentThread().getName());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
            //睡眠10秒
            Thread.sleep(10000);
        }
        pool.shutdown();
    }
}

public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
    return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
    super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
          new DelayedWorkQueue());
}

public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
        extends ThreadPoolExecutor
        implements ScheduledExecutorService {}

public interface ScheduledExecutorService extends ExecutorService {
    //delay延迟时间，unit延迟单位，只执行1次，在经过delay延迟时间之后开始执行
    public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(Runnable command,long delay, TimeUnit unit);
    public <V> ScheduledFuture<V> schedule(Callable<V> callable,long delay, TimeUnit unit);
    //首次执行时间时然后在initialDelay之后，然后在initialDelay+period 后执行，接着在 initialDelay + 2 * period 后执行，依此类推
    public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command,long initialDelay,
                                                  long period,
                                                  TimeUnit unit);
    //首次执行时间时然后在initialDelay之后，然后延迟delay时间执行
    public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable command,
                                                     long initialDelay,
                                                     long delay,
                                                     TimeUnit unit);
}

public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
    if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
    RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
    execute(ftask);
    return ftask;
}

public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
    if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
    RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
    execute(ftask);
    return ftask;
}

protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Runnable runnable, T value) {
    return new FutureTask<T>(runnable, value);
}

protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable) {
    return new FutureTask<T>(callable);
}

private Callable<V> callable;

public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
    if (callable == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    this.callable = callable;
    this.state = NEW;      
}

public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {
    this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result);
    this.state = NEW;       
}

public static <T> Callable<T> callable(Runnable task, T result) {
    if (task == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    return new RunnableAdapter<T>(task, result);
}
//适配器
static final class RunnableAdapter<T> implements Callable<T> {
    final Runnable task;
    final T result;
    RunnableAdapter(Runnable task, T result) {
        this.task = task;
        this.result = result;
    }
    public T call() {
        task.run();
        return result;
    }
}