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HTML5 FormData实现文件上传实例

日期：2018-06-01点击：314收藏

表单提交，文件上传是一个常用又十分麻烦的功能，以前要上传文件通常都是借助插件或者flash来实现，噼里啪啦的加载一大堆东西。自从有了HTML5的FormData后，老板再也不用担心我的上传了。

FormData可以把它理解成一个虚拟的表单对象，它只有一个方法append，这个可以在浏览器console一下就知道了。我们可以通过append向FormData里面添加各种需要提交的数据。

你可以先创建一个空的 FormData 对象,然后使用 append() 方法向该对象里添加字段，如下：var oMyForm = new FormData();

 oMyForm.append("username", "Groucho"); oMyForm.append("accountnum", 123456); // 数字123456被立即转换成字符串"123456" // fileInputElement中已经包含了用户所选择的文件 oMyForm.append("userfile", fileInputElement.files[0]);var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); oReq.open("POST", "http://foo.com/submitform.php"); oReq.send(oMyForm);

如果已经有一个Form表单，只需要把这个 form 元素作为参数传入 FormData 构造函数即可：

var newFormData = new FormData(someFormElement);

var formElement = document.getElementById("myFormElement"); var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); oReq.open("POST", "submitform.php"); oReq.send(new FormData(formElement));

你还可以在已有表单数据的基础上，继续添加新的键值对，如下：

var formElement = document.getElementById("myFormElement"); formData = new FormData(formElement); formData.append("serialnumber", serialNumber++); oReq.send(formData);

<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" name="fileinfo"> <label>Your email address:</label> <input type="email" autocomplete="on" autofocus name="userid" placeholder="email" required size="32" maxlength="64" /><br /> <label>Custom file label:</label> <input type="text" name="filelabel" size="12" maxlength="32" /><br /> <label>File to stash:</label> <input type="file" name="file" required /> </form> <div id="output"></div> <a href="javascript:sendForm()">Stash the file!</a>

然后你就可以使用下面的代码来异步的上传用户所选择的文件：

function sendForm() { var oOutput = document.getElementById("output"); var oData = new FormData(document.forms.namedItem("fileinfo")); oData.append("CustomField", "This is some extra data"); var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); oReq.open("POST", "stash.php", true); oReq.onload = function(oEvent) { if (oReq.status == 200) { oOutput.innerHTML = "Uploaded!"; } else { oOutput.innerHTML = "Error " + oReq.status + " occurred uploading your file.<br \/>"; } }; oReq.send(oData); }

你还可以使用 jQuery 来发送 FormData，但必须要正确的设置相关选项：

var fd = new FormData(document.getElementById("fileinfo")); fd.append("CustomField", "This is some extra data"); $.ajax({ url: "stash.php", type: "POST", data: fd, processData: false, // 告诉jQuery不要去处理发送的数据 contentType: false // 告诉jQuery不要去设置Content-Type请求头 });

一个完整的例子：

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>FormData</title> </head> <body> <form name="form1" id="form1"> <p>name:<input type="text" name="name" ></p> <p>gender:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">male <input type="radio" name="gender" value="2">female</p> <p>photo:<input type="file" name="photo" id="photo"></p> <p><input type="button" name="b1" value="submit" onclick="fsubmit()"></p> </form> <div id="result"></div> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function fsubmit() { var form=document.getElementById("form1"); var formData=new FormData(form); var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); oReq.onreadystatechange=function(){ if(oReq.readyState==4){ if(oReq.status==200){ var json=JSON.parse(oReq.responseText); var result = ''; // result += 'name=' + ret['name'] + '<br>'; // result += 'gender=' + ret['gender'] + '<br>';  result += '<img src="' + json['photo'] + '" width="100">'; $('#result').html(result); } } } oReq.open("POST", "server.php"); oReq.send(formData); return false; } </script> </body> </html>

server.php文件：

<?php $name = isset($_POST['name'])? $_POST['name'] : ''; $gender = isset($_POST['gender'])? $_POST['gender'] : ''; $filename = time().substr($_FILES['photo']['name'], strrpos($_FILES['photo']['name'],'.')); $response = array(); if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['photo']['tmp_name'], $filename)){ $response['isSuccess'] = true; $response['name'] = $name; $response['gender'] = $gender; $response['photo'] = $filename; }else{ $response['isSuccess'] = false; } echo json_encode($response); ?>