本文演示了如何用 Docker、Gradle 来构建、运行、发布来一个 Spring Boot 应用。
Docker 简介
Docker 是一个 Linux 容器管理工具包，具备“社交”方面，允许用户发布容器的 image (镜像)，并使用别人发布的 image。Docker image 是用于运行容器化进程的方案，在本文中，我们将构建一个简单的 Spring Boot 应用程序。
有关 Docker 的详细介绍，可以移步至 《简述 Docker》
前置条件
用 Gradle 构建项目
创建目录结构
项目的目录结构因符合 Gradle 的约定。
在 *nix 系统下执行 mkdir -p src/main/java/docker_spring_boot ,生产如下结构 :
└── src
└── main
└── java
└── com
└── waylau
└── docker_spring_boot
创建 Gradle 构建文件
build.gradle
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:1.3.3.RELEASE')
// tag::build[]
classpath('se.transmode.gradle:gradle-docker:1.2')
// end::build[]
}
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'idea'
apply plugin: 'spring-boot' // tag::plugin[]
apply plugin: 'docker' // end::plugin[] // This is used as the docker image prefix (org) group = 'gregturn'
jar {
baseName = 'docker-spring-boot-gradle'
version = '1.0.0'
}
// tag::task[] task buildDocker(type: Docker, dependsOn: build) {
push = true
applicationName = jar.baseName
dockerfile = file('src/main/docker/Dockerfile')
doFirst {
copy {
from jar
into stageDir
}
}
}
// end::task[]
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8
dependencies {
compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
testCompile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
}
task wrapper(type: Wrapper) {
gradleVersion = '2.3'
}
Spring Boot gradle plugin 提供了很多方便的功能：
编写 Spring Boot 应用
编写一个简单的 Spring Boot 应用 ：
src/main/java/com/waylau/docker_spring_boot/Application.java:
package com.waylau.docker_spring_boot;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* 主应用入口
* @author <a href="http://waylau.com">waylau.com</a>
* @date 2016年3月19日
*/ @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class Application {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String home() {
return "Hello Docker World."
+ "<br />Welcome to <a href='http://waylau.com'>waylau.com</a></li>";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
解释下上面的代码：
- 类用
@SpringBootApplication @RestController 标识,可用 Spring MVC 来处理 Web 请求。
-
@RequestMapping 将 / 映射到 home() ，并将"Hello Docker World" 文本作为响应。
-
main() 方法使用 Spring Boot 的 SpringApplication.run() 方法来启动应用。
运行程序
使用 Gradle
编译：
gradle build
运行：
java -jar build/libs/docker-spring-boot-gradle-1.0.0.jar
访问项目
如果程序正确运行，浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/，可以看到页面 “Hello Docker World.” 字样。
将项目容器化
Docker 使用 Dockerfile 文件格式来指定 image 层，
创建文件 src/main/docker/Dockerfile:
FROM frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8:slim
VOLUME /tmp
ADD docker-spring-boot-gradle-1.0.0.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom","-jar","/app.jar"]
解释下这个配置文件：
-
VOLUME 指定了临时文件目录为/tmp。其效果是在主机 /var/lib/docker 目录下创建了一个临时文件，并链接到容器的/tmp。改步骤是可选的，如果涉及到文件系统的应用就很有必要了。/tmp目录用来持久化到 Docker 数据文件夹，因为 Spring Boot 使用的内嵌 Tomcat 容器默认使用/tmp作为工作目录
- 项目的 jar 文件作为 "app.jar" 添加到容器的
-
ENTRYPOINT 执行项目 app.jar。为了缩短 Tomcat 启动时间，添加一个系统属性指向 "/dev/urandom" 作为 Entropy Source
构建 Docker Image
执行构建成为 docker image:
gradle build buildDocker
运行
运行 Docker Image
docker run -p 8080:8080 -t waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle
[root@waylau spring-boot]# docker run -p 8080:8080 -t waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.3.3.RELEASE)
2016-03-20 08:45:51.276 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application : Starting Application v1.0.0 on 048fb623038f with PID 1 (/app.jar started by root in /)
2016-03-20 08:45:51.289 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2016-03-20 08:45:51.722 INFO 1 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@669af5fc: startup date [Sun Mar 20 08:45:51 GMT 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-03-20 08:45:54.874 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory : Overriding bean definition for bean 'beanNameViewResolver' with a different definition: replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration.class]] with [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.class]]
2016-03-20 08:45:57.893 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-03-20 08:45:57.982 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat
2016-03-20 08:45:57.984 INFO 1 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
2016-03-20 08:45:58.473 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2016-03-20 08:45:58.473 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 6877 ms
2016-03-20 08:45:59.672 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2016-03-20 08:45:59.695 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2016-03-20 08:45:59.701 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2016-03-20 08:45:59.703 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2016-03-20 08:45:59.703 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2016-03-20 08:46:00.862 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@669af5fc: startup date [Sun Mar 20 08:45:51 GMT 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-03-20 08:46:01.166 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto public java.lang.String com.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application.home()
2016-03-20 08:46:01.189 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2016-03-20 08:46:01.190 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2016-03-20 08:46:01.302 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-03-20 08:46:01.302 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-03-20 08:46:01.438 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-03-20 08:46:01.833 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2016-03-20 08:46:02.332 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-03-20 08:46:02.343 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application : Started Application in 13.194 seconds (JVM running for 15.828)
访问项目
如果程序正确运行，浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/，可以看到页面 “Hello Docker World.” 字样。
推送 image 到 Docker Hub
首先，你在 Docker Hub 要有注册账号，且创建了相应的库；
其次，docker 推送前，先要登录，否则报unauthorized: access to the requested resource is not authorized的错误
执行：
docker login
输出为：
[root@waylau spring-boot]# docker login
Username: waylau
Password:
Email: waylau521@gmail.com
WARNING: login credentials saved in /root/.docker/config.json
Login Succeeded
执行推送
docker push waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle
[root@waylau spring-boot]# docker push waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle]
751d29eef02e: Layer already exists 4da3741f39c7: Pushed
5f70bf18a086: Layer already exists 7e4d0cb13643: Layer already exists 8f045733649f: Layer already exists
latest: digest: sha256:eb4d5308ba1bb27489d808279e74784bda6761b3574f4298d746abba59b35164 size: 9415
镜像加速器
Docker Hub 在国外，有时候拉取 Image 极其缓慢，可以使用国内的镜像来实现加速
阿里云
echo "DOCKER_OPTS=\"--registry-mirror=https://yourlocation.mirror.aliyuncs.com\"" | sudo tee -a /etc/default/docker
sudo service docker restart
其中 https://yourlocation.mirror.aliyuncs.com 是您在阿里云注册后的专属加速器地址：
DaoCloud
sudo echo “DOCKER_OPTS=\”\$DOCKER_OPTS –registry-mirror=http://your-id.m.daocloud.io -d\”” >> /etc/default/docker
sudo service docker restart
其中 http://your-id.m.daocloud.io 是您在 DaoCloud 注册后的专属加速器地址：
源码
获取项目源码， https://github.com/waylau/docker-demos 中的 samples/spring-boot-gradle
获取项目镜像， 执行
docker pull waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle
参考引用
