Docker 在 openSUSE 下的安装、使用

本文介绍了 Docker 在 openSUSE 环境下的详细安装过程，并尝试运行一个简单 Spring Boot 的 image 来感受下 Docker 的风采。

什么是 Docker

Docker 是为开发人员和系统管理员用于构建、发布、并运行分布式应用程序的开放式平台。该平台由 Docker 引擎（一个便携、轻巧的运行时和打包工具） 和 Docker Hub （一个共享应用程序和自动化工作流的云服务）等组成。Docker 可以使应用程序从组件迅速组装并消除了开发、质量保证和生产环境之间的摩擦问题。这样一来，IT部门可以更快地发布，而这些应用程序不管是运行在笔记本电脑、数据中心的虚拟机，还是任何的云，其运行过程和结果都是一致的。

更多有关 Docker 的介绍，可以参阅《简述 Docker》 一文。

前置条件

• 64-bit 系统
• kernel 3.10+
• openSUSE 13.2+。本例使用的是 openSUSE Leap 42.1（如果你没有 openSUSE 系统，可以尝试在虚拟机里面装个 openSUSE 系统，可以参阅《Oracle VM VirtualBox 安装和使用》《CentOS 7 安装、配置》）

使用 uname -r 检查 kernel 版本

$ uname -r 4.1.12-1-default 

建议你使用最新的系统，以为一直的 bug 都会在新的 kernel 发布中修复。

安装

openSUSE 13.2 起，自带了仓库，所以无需添加

安装 openSUSE 国内镜像源

网络原因，访问 openSUSE 速度慢且不稳定，建议采用国内镜像库，下面例子是使用的 aliyun

zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/update/leap/42.1/oss openSUSE-42.1-Update-Oss zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/update/leap/42.1/non-oss/ openSUSE-42.1-Update-Non-Oss zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/distribution/leap/42.1/repo/oss/ openSUSE-42.1-Oss zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/distribution/leap/42.1/repo/non-oss/ openSUSE-42.1-Non-Oss zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/packman/openSUSE_Leap_42.1/ aliyun-packman 

安装 Docker 包

$ sudo zypper in docker 

输出如下：

linux-aihn:~ # zypper in docker Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-Leap-42.1-Update' metadata --------------------------[|] Warning: Digest verification failed for file '7256e9794decb02046412d2dc8ab5fa5a17875c1303f31663094da5ede29e933-app-icons.tar.gz' [/var/cache/zypp/raw/repo-updateQVITjj/repodata/7256e9794decb02046412d2dc8ab5fa5a17875c1303f31663094da5ede29e933-app-icons.tar.gz] expected 7256e9794decb02046412d2dc8ab5fa5a17875c1303f31663094da5ede29e933 but got a6be6f0868adbffa79d87856f6f3de4317a1e5c3f923be66eed899c4b559850b Accepting packages with wrong checksums can lead to a corrupted system and in extreme cases even to a system compromise. However if you made certain that the file with checksum 'a6be..' is secure, correct and should be used within this operation, enter the first 4 characters of the checksum to unblock using this file on your own risk. Empty input will discard the file. Unblock or discard? [a6be/? shows all options] (discard): discard Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-Leap-42.1-Update' metadata ......................[error] Repository 'openSUSE-Leap-42.1-Update' is invalid. [repo-update|http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/42.1/oss/] Valid metadata not found at specified URL Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository. Skipping repository 'openSUSE-Leap-42.1-Update' because of the above error. Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 6 NEW packages are going to be installed: bridge-utils docker git-core git-gui gitk perl-Error 6 new packages to install. Overall download size: 10.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the operation, additional 50.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package perl-Error-0.17021-3.2.noarch (1/6), 28.3 KiB ( 49.8 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: perl-Error-0.17021-3.2.noarch.rpm ....................................[done] Retrieving package bridge-utils-1.5-21.3.x86_64 (2/6), 32.0 KiB ( 66.0 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: bridge-utils-1.5-21.3.x86_64.rpm .....................................[done] Retrieving package git-core-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64 (3/6), 3.9 MiB ( 25.7 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: git-core-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64.rpm ..........................[done (267.4 KiB/s)] Retrieving package gitk-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64 (4/6), 217.2 KiB (705.6 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: gitk-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64.rpm ............................................[done] Retrieving package git-gui-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64 (5/6), 296.1 KiB ( 1.3 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: git-gui-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64.rpm .........................................[done] Retrieving package docker-1.9.1-13.1.x86_64 (6/6), 6.2 MiB ( 22.9 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: docker-1.9.1-13.1.x86_64.rpm ...........................[done (272.8 KiB/s)] Checking for file conflicts: .....................................................[done] (1/6) Installing: perl-Error-0.17021-3.2 .........................................[done] (2/6) Installing: bridge-utils-1.5-21.3 ..........................................[done] (3/6) Installing: git-core-2.6.2-3.1 .............................................[done] (4/6) Installing: gitk-2.6.2-3.1 .................................................[done] (5/6) Installing: git-gui-2.6.2-3.1 ..............................................[done] (6/6) Installing: docker-1.9.1-13.1 ..............................................[done] Additional rpm output: creating group docker... Updating /etc/sysconfig/docker... 

启动 docker 守护进程

$ sudo systemctl start docker.service 

配置让 docker 服务随系统自动启动

$ sudo systemctl enable docker.service 

docker 会创建一个以docker命名的用户组，添加用户到这个用户组

sudo /usr/sbin/usermod -a -G docker <username> 

卸载 docker

卸载 Docker 包:

$ sudo zypper rm docker 

上述命令不会卸载 images、containers、volumes, 或者用户创建在主机的配置文件。若想卸载干净上述所有 images、containers、volumes, 执行:

$ rm -rf /var/lib/docker 

用户创建在主机的配置文件需手动删除。

拉取 image 到本地

可以将 Docker Bub 存储的 image 拉取到本地，执行

docker pull waylau/docker-spring-boot 

输出如下：

linux-aihn:~ # docker pull waylau/docker-spring-boot Using default tag: latest Pulling repository docker.io/waylau/docker-spring-boot 3694bcee2712: Download complete a2e9c1527ca5: Download complete 20f4b5a54fc6: Download complete 7a220626bc9e: Download complete 620bbe9b8954: Download complete a0b5e5298dc5: Download complete 2f8558117280: Download complete d2ee7992d027: Download complete Status: Downloaded newer image for waylau/docker-spring-boot:latest docker.io/waylau/docker-spring-boot: this image was pulled from a legacy registry. Important: This registry version will not be supported in future versions of docker. 

运行 image 本地镜像

执行：

docker run -p 8080:8080 -t waylau/docker-spring-boot 

最后成功的界面如下：

linux-aihn:~ # docker run -p 8080:8080 -t waylau/docker-spring-boot . ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v1.3.3.RELEASE) 2016-03-31 02:33:53.043 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application : Starting Application v1.0.0 on 5dfa67f23534 with PID 1 (/app.jar started by root in /) 2016-03-31 02:33:53.096 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2016-03-31 02:33:55.050 INFO 1 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@64dac4db: startup date [Thu Mar 31 02:33:54 GMT 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016-03-31 02:34:03.254 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory : Overriding bean definition for bean 'beanNameViewResolver' with a different definition: replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration.class]] with [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.class]] 2016-03-31 02:34:11.228 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2016-03-31 02:34:11.424 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat 2016-03-31 02:34:11.440 INFO 1 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32 2016-03-31 02:34:12.574 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2016-03-31 02:34:12.575 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 17670 ms 2016-03-31 02:34:16.786 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/] 2016-03-31 02:34:16.839 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*] 2016-03-31 02:34:16.842 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*] 2016-03-31 02:34:16.867 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*] 2016-03-31 02:34:16.868 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*] 2016-03-31 02:34:20.432 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@64dac4db: startup date [Thu Mar 31 02:33:54 GMT 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016-03-31 02:34:21.405 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto public java.lang.String com.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application.home() 2016-03-31 02:34:21.451 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse) 2016-03-31 02:34:21.457 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) 2016-03-31 02:34:22.033 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler] 2016-03-31 02:34:22.037 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler] 2016-03-31 02:34:22.658 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler] 2016-03-31 02:34:23.787 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup 2016-03-31 02:34:24.497 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) 2016-03-31 02:34:24.567 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application : Started Application in 39.766 seconds (JVM running for 46.766) 

访问项目

如果程序正确运行，浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/，可以看到页面 “Hello Docker World.” 字样。

查看 docker image

可以看到 pull 回来的这个 image 的一个情况、大小等信息。

linux-aihn:~ # docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE waylau/docker-spring-boot latest 3694bcee2712 10 days ago 180.8 MB 

源码

获取项目源码， https://github.com/waylau/docker-demos 中的 samples/spring-boot

获取项目镜像， https://hub.docker.com/r/waylau/docker-spring-boot/

参考

• https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/SUSE/
• 《Oracle VM VirtualBox 安装和使用》
• 《CentOS 7 安装、配置》