您现在的位置是:首页 > 文章详情

ElasticSearch必知必会-基础篇

日期:2023-01-10点击:303

京东物流 康睿 姚再毅 李振 刘斌 王北永

说明:以下全部均基于eslaticsearch 8.1 版本

一.索引的定义

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/indices.html

索引的全局认知

ElasticSearch Mysql
Index Table
Type废弃 Table废弃
Document Row
Field Column
Mapping Schema
Everything is indexed Index
Query DSL SQL
GET http://... select * from
POST http://... update table set ...
Aggregations group by\sum\sum
cardinality 去重 distinct
reindex 数据迁移

索引的定义

定义: 相同文档结构(Mapping)文档的结合 由唯一索引名称标定 一个集群中有多个索引 不同的索引代表不同的业务类型数据 注意事项: 索引名称不支持大写 索引名称最大支持255个字符长度 字段的名称,支持大写,不过建议全部统一小写

索引的创建

index-settings 参数解析

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/index-modules.html

注意: 静态参数索引创建后,不再可以修改,动态参数可以修改 思考: 一、为什么主分片创建后不可修改? A document is routed to a particular shard in an index using the following formula: <shard_num = hash(_routing) % num_primary_shards> the defalue value userd for _routing is the document`s _id es中写入数据,是根据上述的公式计算文档应该存储在哪个分片中,后续的文档读取也是根据这个公式,一旦分片数改变,数据也就找不到了 简单理解 根据ID做Hash 然后再 除以 主分片数 取余,被除数改变,结果就不一样了 二、如果业务层面根据数据情况,确实需要扩展主分片数,那怎么办? reindex 迁移数据到另外一个索引 https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/docs-reindex.html

索引的基本操作


二.Mapping-Param之dynamic

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/dynamic.html

核心功能

自动检测字段类型后添加字段 也就是哪怕你没有在es的mapping中定义该字段,es也会动态的帮你检测字段类型

初识dynamic

 // 删除test01索引,保证这个索引现在是干净的 DELETE test01 // 不定义mapping,直接一条插入数据试试看, POST test01/_doc/1 { "name":"kangrui10" } // 然后我们查看test01该索引的mapping结构 看看name这个字段被定义成了什么类型 // 由此可以看出,name一级为text类型,二级定义为keyword,但其实这并不是我们想要的结果, // 我们业务查询中name字段并不会被分词查询,一般都是全匹配(and name = xxx) // 以下的这种结果,我们想要实现全匹配 就需要 name.keyword = xxx 反而麻烦 GET test01/_mapping { "test01" : { "mappings" : { "properties" : { "name" : { "type" : "text", "fields" : { "keyword" : { "type" : "keyword", "ignore_above" : 256 } } } } } } } 

dynamic的可选值

可选值 说明 解释
true New fields are added to the mapping (default). 创建mapping时,如果不指定dynamic的值,默认true,即如果你的字段没有收到指定类型,就会es帮你动态匹配字段类型
false New fields are ignored. These fields will not be indexed or searchable, but will still appear in the _source field of returned hits. These fields will not be added to the mapping, and new fields must be added explicitly. 若设置为false,如果你的字段没有在es的mapping中创建,那么新的字段,一样可以写入,但是不能被查询,mapping中也不会有这个字段,也就是被写入的字段,不会被创建索引
strict If new fields are detected, an exception is thrown and the document is rejected. New fields must be explicitly added to the mapping. 若设置为strict,如果新的字段,没有在mapping中创建字段,添加会直接报错,生产环境推荐,更加严谨。示例如下,如要新增字段,就必须手动的新增字段

动态映射的弊端

  • 字段匹配相对准确,但不一定是用户期望的
  • 比如现在有一个text字段,es只会给你设置为默认的standard分词器,但我们一般需要的是ik中文分词器
  • 占用多余的存储空间
  • string类型匹配为text和keyword两种类型,意味着会占用更多的存储空间
  • mapping爆炸
  • 如果不小心写错了查询语句,get用成了put误操作,就会错误创建很多字段

三.Mapping-Param之doc_values

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/doc-values.html

核心功能

DocValue其实是Lucene在构建倒排索引时,会额外建立一个有序的正排索引(基于document => field value的映射列表) DocValue本质上是一个序列化的 列式存储,这个结构非常适用于聚合(aggregations)、排序(Sorting)、脚本(scripts access to field)等操作。而且,这种存储方式也非常便于压缩,特别是数字类型。这样可以减少磁盘空间并且提高访问速度。 几乎所有字段类型都支持DocValue,除了text和annotated_text字段。

何为正排索引

正排索引其实就是类似于数据库表,通过id和数据进行关联,通过搜索文档id,来获取对应的数据

doc_values可选值

  • true:默认值,默认开启
  • false:需手动指定,设置为false后,sort、aggregate、access the field from script将会无法使用,但会节省磁盘空间

真题演练

 // 创建一个索引,test03,字段满足以下条件 // 1. speaker: keyword // 2. line_id: keyword and not aggregateable // 3. speech_number: integer PUT test03 { "mappings": { "properties": { "speaker": { "type": "keyword" }, "line_id":{ "type": "keyword", "doc_values": false }, "speech_number":{ "type": "integer" } } } } 

四.分词器analyzers

ik中文分词器安装

https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik

何为倒排索引

数据索引化的过程

分词器的分类

官网地址: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/analysis-analyzers.html


五.自定义分词

自定义分词器三段论

1.Character filters 字符过滤

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/analysis-charfilters.html 可配置0个或多个

HTML Strip Character Filter:用途:删除HTML元素,如 <b>,并解 码HTML实体,如&amp

Mapping Character Filter:用途:替换指定字符

Pattern Replace Character Filter:用途:基于正则表达式替换指定字符

2.Tokenizer 文本切为分词

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/analysis-tokenizers.html#_word_oriented_tokenizers 只能配置一个 用分词器对文本进行分词

3.Token filters 分词后再过滤

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/analysis-tokenfilters.html 可配置0个或多个 分词后再加工,比如转小写、删除某些特殊的停用词、增加同义词等

真题演练

有一个文档,内容类似 dag & cat, 要求索引这个文档,并且使用match_parase_query, 查询dag & cat 或者 dag and cat,都能够查到 题目分析: 1.何为match_parase_query:match_phrase 会将检索关键词分词。match_phrase的分词结果必须在被检索字段的分词中都包含,而且顺序必须相同,而且默认必须都是连续的。 2.要实现 & 和 and 查询结果要等价,那么就需要自定义分词器来实现了,定制化的需求 3.如何自定义一个分词器:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/analysis-custom-analyzer.html 4.解法1核心使用功能点,Mapping Character Filter 5.解法2核心使用功能点,https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/analysis-synonym-tokenfilter.html

解法1

 # 新建索引 PUT /test01 { "settings": { "analysis": { "analyzer": { "my_analyzer": { "char_filter": [ "my_mappings_char_filter" ], "tokenizer": "standard", } }, "char_filter": { "my_mappings_char_filter": { "type": "mapping", "mappings": [ "& => and" ] } } } }, "mappings": { "properties": { "content":{ "type": "text", "analyzer": "my_analyzer" } } } } // 说明 // 三段论之Character filters,使用char_filter进行文本替换 // 三段论之Token filters,使用默认分词器 // 三段论之Token filters,未设定 // 字段content 使用自定义分词器my_analyzer # 填充测试数据 PUT test01/_bulk {"index":{"_id":1}} {"content":"doc & cat"} {"index":{"_id":2}} {"content":"doc and cat"} # 执行测试,doc & cat || oc and cat 结果输出都为两条 POST test01/_search { "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match_phrase": { "content": "doc & cat" } } ] } } } 

解法2

 # 解题思路,将& 和 and 设定为同义词,使用Token filters # 创建索引 PUT /test02 { "settings": { "analysis": { "analyzer": { "my_synonym_analyzer": { "tokenizer": "whitespace", "filter": [ "my_synonym" ] } }, "filter": { "my_synonym": { "type": "synonym", "lenient": true, "synonyms": [ "& => and" ] } } } }, "mappings": { "properties": { "content": { "type": "text", "analyzer": "my_synonym_analyzer" } } } } // 说明 // 三段论之Character filters,未设定 // 三段论之Token filters,使用whitespace空格分词器,为什么不用默认分词器?因为默认分词器会把&分词后剔除了,就无法在去做分词后的过滤操作了 // 三段论之Token filters,使用synony分词后过滤器,对&和and做同义词 // 字段content 使用自定义分词器my_synonym_analyzer # 填充测试数据 PUT test02/_bulk {"index":{"_id":1}} {"content":"doc & cat"} {"index":{"_id":2}} {"content":"doc and cat"} # 执行测试 POST test02/_search { "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match_phrase": { "content": "doc & cat" } } ] } } } 

六.multi-fields

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/multi-fields.html

 // 单字段多类型,比如一个字段我想设置两种分词器 PUT my-index-000001 { "mappings": { "properties": { "city": { "type": "text", "analyzer":"standard", "fields": { "fieldText": { "type": "text", "analyzer":"ik_smart", } } } } } } 

七.runtime_field 运行时字段

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/runtime.html

产生背景

假如业务中需要根据某两个数字类型字段的差值来排序,也就是我需要一个不存在的字段, 那么此时应该怎么办? 当然你可以刷数,新增一个差值结果字段来实现,假如此时不允许你刷数新增字段怎么办?

解决方案

应用场景

  1. 在不重新建立索引的情况下,向现有文档新增字段
  2. 在不了解数据结构的情况下处理数据
  3. 在查询时覆盖从原索引字段返回的值
  4. 为特定用途定义字段而不修改底层架构

功能特性

  1. Lucene完全无感知,因没有被索引化,没有doc_values
  2. 不支持评分,因为没有倒排索引
  3. 打破传统先定义后使用的方式
  4. 能阻止mapping爆炸
  5. 增加了API的灵活性
  6. 注意,会使得搜索变慢

实际使用

  • 运行时检索指定,即检索环节可使用(也就是哪怕mapping中没有这个字段,我也可以查询)
  • 动态或静态mapping指定,即mapping环节可使用(也就是在mapping中添加一个运行时的字段)

真题演练1

 # 假定有以下索引和数据 PUT test03 { "mappings": { "properties": { "emotion": { "type": "integer" } } } } POST test03/_bulk {"index":{"_id":1}} {"emotion":2} {"index":{"_id":2}} {"emotion":5} {"index":{"_id":3}} {"emotion":10} {"index":{"_id":4}} {"emotion":3} # 要求:emotion > 5, 返回emotion_falg = '1', # 要求:emotion < 5, 返回emotion_falg = '-1', # 要求:emotion = 5, 返回emotion_falg = '0', 

解法1

检索时指定运行时字段: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/runtime-search-request.html 该字段本质上是不存在的,所以需要检索时要加上 fields *

 GET test03/_search { "fields": [ "*" ], "runtime_mappings": { "emotion_falg": { "type": "keyword", "script": { "source": """ if(doc['emotion'].value>5)emit('1'); if(doc['emotion'].value<5)emit('-1'); if(doc['emotion'].value==5)emit('0'); """ } } } } 

解法2

创建索引时指定运行时字段:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/runtime-mapping-fields.html 该方式支持通过运行时字段做检索

 # 创建索引并指定运行时字段 PUT test03_01 { "mappings": { "runtime": { "emotion_falg": { "type": "keyword", "script": { "source": """ if(doc['emotion'].value>5)emit('1'); if(doc['emotion'].value<5)emit('-1'); if(doc['emotion'].value==5)emit('0'); """ } } }, "properties": { "emotion": { "type": "integer" } } } } # 导入测试数据 POST test03_01/_bulk {"index":{"_id":1}} {"emotion":2} {"index":{"_id":2}} {"emotion":5} {"index":{"_id":3}} {"emotion":10} {"index":{"_id":4}} {"emotion":3} # 查询测试 GET test03_01/_search { "fields": [ "*" ] } 

真题演练2

 # 有以下索引和数据 PUT test04 { "mappings": { "properties": { "A":{ "type": "long" }, "B":{ "type": "long" } } } } PUT task04/_bulk {"index":{"_id":1}} {"A":100,"B":2} {"index":{"_id":2}} {"A":120,"B":2} {"index":{"_id":3}} {"A":120,"B":25} {"index":{"_id":4}} {"A":21,"B":25} # 需求:在task04索引里,创建一个runtime字段,其值是A-B,名称为A_B; 创建一个range聚合,分为三级:小于0,0-100,100以上;返回文档数 // 使用知识点: // 1.检索时指定运行时字段: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/runtime-search-request.html // 2.范围聚合 https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-aggregations-bucket-range-aggregation.html 

解法

 # 结果测试 GET task04/_search { "fields": [ "*" ], "size": 0, "runtime_mappings": { "A_B": { "type": "long", "script": { "source": """ emit(doc['A'].value - doc['B'].value); """ } } }, "aggs": { "price_ranges_A_B": { "range": { "field": "A_B", "ranges": [ { "to": 0 }, { "from": 0, "to": 100 }, { "from": 100 } ] } } } } 

八.Search-highlighted

highlighted语法初识

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/highlighting.html

九.Search-Order

Order语法初识

官网文档地址: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/sort-search-results.html

 // 注意:text类型默认是不能排或聚合的,如果非要排序或聚合,需要开启fielddata GET /kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search { "query": { "match": { "customer_last_name": "wood" } }, "highlight": { "number_of_fragments": 3, "fragment_size": 150, "fields": { "customer_last_name": { "pre_tags": [ "<em>" ], "post_tags": [ "</em>" ] } } }, "sort": [ { "currency": { "order": "desc" }, "_score": { "order": "asc" } } ] } 

十.Search-Page

page语法初识

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/paginate-search-results.html

 # 注意 from的起始值是 0 不是 1 GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search { "from": 5, "size": 20, "query": { "match": { "customer_last_name": "wood" } } } 

真题演练1

 # 题目 In the spoken lines of the play, highlight the word Hamlet (int the text_entry field) startint the highlihnt with "#aaa#" and ending it with "#bbb#" return all of speech_number field lines in reverse order; '20' speech lines per page,starting from line '40' # highlight 处理 text_entry 字段 ; 关键词 Hamlet 高亮 # page分页:from:40;size:20 # speech_number:倒序 POST test09/_search { "from": 40, "size": 20, "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match": { "text_entry": "Hamlet" } } ] } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "text_entry": { "pre_tags": [ "#aaa#" ], "post_tags": [ "#bbb#" ] } } }, "sort": [ { "speech_number.keyword": { "order": "desc" } } ] } 

十一.Search-AsyncSearch

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/async-search.html

发行版本

7.7.0

适用场景

允许用户在异步搜索结果时可以检索,从而消除了仅在查询完成后才等待最终响应的情况

常用命令

  • 执行异步检索
  • POST /sales*/_async_search?size=0
  • 查看异步检索
  • GET /_async_search/id值
  • 查看异步检索状态
  • GET /_async_search/id值
  • 删除、终止异步检索
  • DELETE /_async_search/id值

异步查询结果说明

返回值 含义
id 异步检索返回的唯一标识符
is_partial 当查询不再运行时,指示再所有分片上搜索是成功还是失败。在执行查询时,is_partial=true
is_running 搜索是否仍然再执行
total 将在多少分片上执行搜索
successful 有多少分片已经成功完成搜索

十二.Aliases索引别名

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/aliases.html

Aliases的作用

在ES中,索引别名(index aliases)就像一个快捷方式或软连接,可以指向一个或多个索引。别名带给我们极大的灵活性,我们可以使用索引别名实现以下功能:

  1. 在一个运行中的ES集群中无缝的切换一个索引到另一个索引上(无需停机)
  2. 分组多个索引,比如按月创建的索引,我们可以通过别名构造出一个最近3个月的索引
  3. 查询一个索引里面的部分数据构成一个类似数据库的视图(views

假设没有别名,如何处理多索引的检索

方式1:POST index_01,index_02.index_03/_search 方式2:POST index*/search

创建别名的三种方式

  1. 创建索引的同时指定别名
 # 指定test05的别名为 test05_aliases PUT test05 { "mappings": { "properties": { "name":{ "type": "keyword" } } }, "aliases": { "test05_aliases": {} } } 
  1. 使用索引模板的方式指定别名
 PUT _index_template/template_1 { "index_patterns": ["te*", "bar*"], "template": { "settings": { "number_of_shards": 1 }, "mappings": { "_source": { "enabled": true }, "properties": { "host_name": { "type": "keyword" }, "created_at": { "type": "date", "format": "EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss Z yyyy" } } }, "aliases": { "mydata": { } } }, "priority": 500, "composed_of": ["component_template1", "runtime_component_template"], "version": 3, "_meta": { "description": "my custom" } } 
  1. 对已有的索引创建别名
 POST _aliases { "actions": [ { "add": { "index": "logs-nginx.access-prod", "alias": "logs" } } ] } 

删除别名

 POST _aliases { "actions": [ { "remove": { "index": "logs-nginx.access-prod", "alias": "logs" } } ] } 

真题演练1

 # Define an index alias for 'accounts-row' called 'accounts-male': Apply a filter to only show the male account owners # 为'accounts-row'定义一个索引别名,称为'accounts-male':应用一个过滤器,只显示男性账户所有者 POST _aliases { "actions": [ { "add": { "index": "accounts-row", "alias": "accounts-male", "filter": { "bool": { "filter": [ { "term": { "gender.keyword": "male" } } ] } } } } ] } 

十三.Search-template

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-template.html

功能特点

模板接受在运行时指定参数。搜索模板存储在服务器端,可以在不更改客户端代码的情况下进行修改。

初识search-template

 # 创建检索模板 PUT _scripts/my-search-template { "script": { "lang": "mustache", "source": { "query": { "match": { "{{query_key}}": "{{query_value}}" } }, "from": "{{from}}", "size": "{{size}}" } } } # 使用检索模板查询 GET my-index/_search/template { "id": "my-search-template", "params": { "query_key": "your filed", "query_value": "your filed value", "from": 0, "size": 10 } } 

索引模板的操作

创建索引模板

 PUT _scripts/my-search-template { "script": { "lang": "mustache", "source": { "query": { "match": { "message": "{{query_string}}" } }, "from": "{{from}}", "size": "{{size}}" }, "params": { "query_string": "My query string" } } } 

验证索引模板

 POST _render/template { "id": "my-search-template", "params": { "query_string": "hello world", "from": 20, "size": 10 } } 

执行检索模板

 GET my-index/_search/template { "id": "my-search-template", "params": { "query_string": "hello world", "from": 0, "size": 10 } } 

获取全部检索模板

 GET _cluster/state/metadata?pretty&filter_path=metadata.stored_scripts 

删除检索模板

 DELETE _scripts/my-search-templateath=metadata.stored_scripts 

十四.Search-dsl 简单检索

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/query-dsl.html

检索选型

检索分类

自定义评分

如何自定义评分

1.index Boost索引层面修改相关性

 // 一批数据里,有不同的标签,数据结构一致,不同的标签存储到不同的索引(A、B、C),最后要严格按照标签来分类展示的话,用什么查询比较好? // 要求:先展示A类,然后B类,然后C类 # 测试数据如下 put /index_a_123/_doc/1 { "title":"this is index_a..." } put /index_b_123/_doc/1 { "title":"this is index_b..." } put /index_c_123/_doc/1 { "title":"this is index_c..." } # 普通不指定的查询方式,该查询方式下,返回的三条结果数据评分是相同的 POST index_*_123/_search { "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match": { "title": "this" } } ] } } } 官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-search.html indices_boost # 也就是索引层面提升权重 POST index_*_123/_search { "indices_boost": [ { "index_a_123": 10 }, { "index_b_123": 5 }, { "index_c_123": 1 } ], "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match": { "title": "this" } } ] } } } 

2.boosting 修改文档相关性

 某索引index_a有多个字段, 要求实现如下的查询: 1)针对字段title,满足'ssas'或者'sasa’。 2)针对字段tags(数组字段),如果tags字段包含'pingpang', 则提升评分。 要求:写出实现的DSL? # 测试数据如下 put index_a/_bulk {"index":{"_id":1}} {"title":"ssas","tags":"basketball"} {"index":{"_id":2}} {"title":"sasa","tags":"pingpang; football"} # 解法1 POST index_a/_search { "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "bool": { "should": [ { "match": { "title": "ssas" } }, { "match": { "title": "sasa" } } ] } } ], "should": [ { "match": { "tags": { "query": "pingpang", "boost": 1 } } } ] } } } # 解法2 // https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/query-dsl-function-score-query.html POST index_a/_search { "query": { "bool": { "should": [ { "function_score": { "query": { "match": { "tags": { "query": "pingpang" } } }, "boost": 1 } } ], "must": [ { "bool": { "should": [ { "match": { "title": "ssas" } }, { "match": { "title": "sasa" } } ] } } ] } } } 

3.negative_boost降低相关性

 对于某些结果不满意,但又不想通过 must_not 排除掉,可以考虑可以考虑boosting query的negative_boost。 即:降低评分 negative_boost (Required, float) Floating point number between 0 and 1.0 used to decrease the relevance scores of documents matching the negative query. 官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/query-dsl-boosting-query.html POST index_a/_search { "query": { "boosting": { "positive": { "term": { "tags": "football" } }, "negative": { "term": { "tags": "pingpang" } }, "negative_boost": 0.5 } } } 

4.function_score 自定义评分

 如何同时根据 销量和浏览人数进行相关度提升? 问题描述:针对商品,例如有想要有一个提升相关度的计算,同时针对销量和浏览人数? 例如oldScore*(销量+浏览人数) ************************** 商品 销量 浏览人数 A 10 10 B 20 20 C 30 30 ************************** # 示例数据如下 put goods_index/_bulk {"index":{"_id":1}} {"name":"A","sales_count":10,"view_count":10} {"index":{"_id":2}} {"name":"B","sales_count":20,"view_count":20} {"index":{"_id":3}} {"name":"C","sales_count":30,"view_count":30} 官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/query-dsl-function-score-query.html 知识点:script_score POST goods_index/_search { "query": { "function_score": { "query": { "match_all": {} }, "script_score": { "script": { "source": "_score * (doc['sales_count'].value+doc['view_count'].value)" } } } } } 

十五.Search-del Bool复杂检索

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/query-dsl-bool-query.html

基本语法

真题演练

 写一个查询,要求某个关键字再文档的四个字段中至少包含两个以上 功能点:bool 查询,should / minimum_should_match 1.检索的bool查询 2.细节点 minimum_should_match 注意:minimum_should_match 当有其他子句的时候,默认值为0,当没有其他子句的时候默认值为1 POST test_index/_search { "query": { "bool": { "should": [ { "match": { "filed1": "kr" } }, { "match": { "filed2": "kr" } }, { "match": { "filed3": "kr" } }, { "match": { "filed4": "kr" } } ], "minimum_should_match": 2 } } } 

十六.Search-Aggregations

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-aggregations.html

聚合分类

分桶聚合(bucket)

terms

 官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-aggregations-bucket-terms-aggregation.html # 按照作者统计文档数 POST bilili_elasticsearch/_search { "size": 0, "aggs": { "agg_user": { "terms": { "field": "user", "size": 1 } } } } 

date_histogram

 官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-aggregations-bucket-datehistogram-aggregation.html # 按照up_time 按月进行统计 POST bilili_elasticsearch/_search { "size": 0, "aggs": { "agg_up_time": { "date_histogram": { "field": "up_time", "calendar_interval": "month" } } } } 

指标聚合 (metrics)

Max

 官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-aggregations-metrics-max-aggregation.html # 获取up_time最大的 POST bilili_elasticsearch/_search { "size": 0, "aggs": { "agg_max_up_time": { "max": { "field": "up_time" } } } } 

Top_hits

 官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-aggregations-metrics-top-hits-aggregation.html # 根据user聚合只取一个聚合结果,并且获取命中数据的详情前3条,并按照指定字段排序 POST bilili_elasticsearch/_search { "size": 0, "aggs": { "terms_agg_user": { "terms": { "field": "user", "size": 1 }, "aggs": { "top_user_hits": { "top_hits": { "_source": { "includes": [ "video_time", "title", "see", "user", "up_time" ] }, "sort": [ { "see":{ "order": "desc" } } ], "size": 3 } } } } } } // 返回结果如下 { "took" : 91, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 1000, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ ] }, "aggregations" : { "terms_agg_user" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0, "sum_other_doc_count" : 975, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "Elastic搜索", "doc_count" : 25, "top_user_hits" : { "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 25, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "bilili_elasticsearch", "_id" : "5ccCVoQBUyqsIDX6wIcm", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "video_time" : "03:45", "see" : "92", "up_time" : "2021-03-19", "title" : "Elastic 社区大会2021: 用加 Gatling 进行Elasticsearch的负载测试,寓教于乐。", "user" : "Elastic搜索" }, "sort" : [ "92" ] }, { "_index" : "bilili_elasticsearch", "_id" : "8scCVoQBUyqsIDX6wIgn", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "video_time" : "10:18", "see" : "79", "up_time" : "2020-10-20", "title" : "为Elasticsearch启动htpps访问", "user" : "Elastic搜索" }, "sort" : [ "79" ] }, { "_index" : "bilili_elasticsearch", "_id" : "7scCVoQBUyqsIDX6wIcm", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "video_time" : "04:41", "see" : "71", "up_time" : "2021-03-19", "title" : "Elastic 社区大会2021: Elasticsearch作为一个地理空间的数据库", "user" : "Elastic搜索" }, "sort" : [ "71" ] } ] } } } ] } } } 

子聚合 (Pipeline)

Pipeline:基于聚合的聚合 官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-aggregations-pipeline.html

bucket_selector

官网文档地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-aggregations-pipeline-bucket-selector-aggregation.html

 # 根据order_date按月分组,并且求销售总额大于1000 POST kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search { "size": 0, "aggs": { "date_his_aggs": { "date_histogram": { "field": "order_date", "calendar_interval": "month" }, "aggs": { "sum_aggs": { "sum": { "field": "total_unique_products" } }, "sales_bucket_filter": { "bucket_selector": { "buckets_path": { "totalSales": "sum_aggs" }, "script": "params.totalSales > 1000" } } } } } } 

真题演练

 earthquakes索引中包含了过去30个月的地震信息,请通过一句查询,获取以下信息 l 过去30个月,每个月的平均 mag l 过去30个月里,平均mag最高的一个月及其平均mag l 搜索不能返回任何文档 max_bucket 官网地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.1/search-aggregations-pipeline-max-bucket-aggregation.html POST earthquakes/_search { "size": 0, "query": { "range": { "time": { "gte": "now-30M/d", "lte": "now" } } }, "aggs": { "agg_time_his": { "date_histogram": { "field": "time", "calendar_interval": "month" }, "aggs": { "avg_aggs": { "avg": { "field": "mag" } } } }, "max_mag_sales": { "max_bucket": { "buckets_path": "agg_time_his>avg_aggs" } } } } 
原文链接:https://my.oschina.net/u/4090830/blog/5956362
关注公众号

低调大师中文资讯倾力打造互联网数据资讯、行业资源、电子商务、移动互联网、网络营销平台。

持续更新报道IT业界、互联网、市场资讯、驱动更新,是最及时权威的产业资讯及硬件资讯报道平台。

转载内容版权归作者及来源网站所有,本站原创内容转载请注明来源。

文章评论

共有0条评论来说两句吧...

文章二维码

扫描即可查看该文章

点击排行

推荐阅读

最新文章