Elasticsearch数据库 | Elasticsearch-7.5.0应用搭建实战

Elasticsearch 是一个可用于分布式以及符合RESTful 风格的搜索和数据分析引擎。—— Elastic Stack 官网

搭建Elasticsearch的“那些事儿"

有一天，在黄金梅丽号的甲板上，韦柏告诉萨博，需要在接下来的项目开发过程中，运用到Elasticsearch数据库，主要用于黄金梅丽号上的各种设备采集数据实时查询，或许后期还会运用于分布式日志系统的搭建运用等，让萨博先做一次技术预研。于是，在萨博查询大量的资料发现，关于Elasticsearch数据库的搭建，网上的资料几乎是千篇一律，或者多数都是没有一个完整的流程。甚至，还发现，对于Elasticsearch数据库实际应用方面，大多数海贼只局限于ELK等这样的情况，就像是大多数海贼提到Redis，就只觉得这个玩意儿，只能用于缓存层面，但是实际上人家的功能强大到超出了海贼的想象空间。甚至于，萨博在一个阿里巴巴的地方，找到了关于Elasticsearch数据库免费试用的资源，但是对于免费的午餐，也许那一天收费之后，那就只能用一首“浪浪”来祭奠这万恶的黄金之恶。于是在萨博精心研究和分析发现，除了传统部署Elasticsearch数据库之外，有个叫Docker 的东西，除了能够稳定运行Elasticsearch数据库之外，还能节省不少的服务器内存。于是呀，萨博就开始了探索在Docker上搭建Elasticsearch之之路......

Docker部署Elasticsearch的“那些事儿"

1.基础先决条件

阿里云或者虚拟机VM主机一个，并且自行装有Docker容器：

ps[⚠️注意事项]： 对于Docker安装请参考：Linux环境基于CentOS7 搭建部署Docker容器

2.最大文件打开数

[2.1]参数优化：ulimit -a |grep open

[root@centos-meteor ~]# ulimit -a |grep open open files (-n) 65535 [root@centos-meteor ~]# 

[2.2] 修改配置文件： /etc/security/limits.conf

#在最下边添加如下两行 * soft nofile 65536 * hard nofile 65536 * soft nproc 2048 * hard nproc 4096 

[2.3] 确认是否修改： ulimit -a |grep open

[root@centos-meteor ~]# ulimit -a |grep open open files (-n) 65535 [root@centos-meteor ~]# 

3.调整系统进程数

修改方法：vim /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf

#调整成以下配置 * soft nproc 4096 root soft nproc unlimited 

4.调整虚拟内存和最大并发连接数

虚拟内存（Virtual memory）->vm.max_map_count Elasticsearch默认使用 hybrid mmapfs / niofs 目录来存储索引。默认操作系统对mmap计数的限制太低，可能引发内存不足的异常

[1]临时解决方法：

sysctl –w vm.max_map_count=262144 sysctl –w vm.max_map_count=262144 

如果不优化会出现启动Elasticsearch的时候会出现如下提示：

max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65535] is too low, increase to at least [262144] 

[2]永久生效方案：更新系统文件/etc/sysctl.conf的vm.max_map_count字段 执行命令：vim /etc/sysctl.conf

[root@turbo-master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf [root@turbo-master ~]# #Settings Elasticsearch Virtual Memory—>655360 vm.max_map_count=655360 fs.file-max=655360 vm.overcommit_memory=1 

加载到系统：sysctl -p --load /etc/sysctl.conf

[root@centos-meteor elasticsearch]# sysctl -p --load /etc/sysctl.conf vm.swappiness = 0 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2 net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1 kernel.sysrq = 1 vm.max_map_count = 655360 fs.file-max = 655360 vm.overcommit_memory = 1 [root@centos-meteor elasticsearch]# 

5.关闭elasticsearch自检测

在elasticsearch.yml中添加配置项：

bootstrap.memory_lock: false bootstrap.system_call_filter: false 

ps[⚠️注意事项]： 主要是避免以下问题： [1]最大文件打开数: max file descriptors [1024] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536] [2]调整虚拟内存和最大并发连接数: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144] [3]关闭elasticsearch自检测: system call filters failed to install; check the logs and fix your configuration or disable system call filters at your own risk [4]调整系统进程数: max number of threads [1024] for user [lish] likely too low, increase to at least [2048]

实战部署ElasticSearch服务

Docker 部署应用服务的基本步骤：Search[查询镜像]->Pull[拉取镜像]->Run[部署镜像]

1.查询Elasticsearch 镜像：

docker search elasticsearch 

ps[注意事项]：

1. 一般拉取镜像资源都是从Docker官方仓库[docker-hub]拉取，或者自己构建的Docker云仓库aliyun-docker 等
2. 本教程选取的ELK镜像均是基于ELK官方Docker仓库elastic-io

2.拉取Elasticsearch 镜像：

docker pull docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.3.1 

ps[注意事项]： 1.本教程采用7.3.x版本，目前最新版本7.4.x[主要用7.3.x版本在阿里云搭建过，避免入坑问题] 2.拉取的过程中可能会出现[net/http: TLS handshake timeout]问题,多尝试几次,主要是网络带宽限制问题

3.修改镜像名称:

docker tag docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.3.1  elasticsearch:latest 

ps[注意事项]： 1.名称过长导致查看些许不便，通过docker tag source-image[来源镜像] target-image[目标镜像]，推荐统一采用[target-image:target-version]格式定义，且不占用空间，相当于重命名镜像 2.对于拉取kibana[docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.3.1]和logstash[docker.elastic.co/logstash/logstash:7.3.1] 都建议修改。

4.部署镜像服务： 部署命令：

docker run -itd -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --restart=always --privileged=true --name elasticsearch-server -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms=512m -Xms=512m" elasticsearch:latest 

默认配置目录：

/usr/share/elasticsearch/config /usr/share/elasticsearch/logs 

查看容器列表：

docker ps --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t{{.Ports}}" ![docker ps] 

(https://ftp.bmp.ovh/imgs/2019/11/d7e09058af3fadbd.png) ps[注意事项]:

1.需要开放端口[9200和9300]->9200作为Http协议，主要用于外部通讯,9300作为Tcp协议，jar之间就是通过tcp协议通讯,通常部署集群就是通过9300通信。推荐[宿主机自定义端口:9200] 2.--restart=always :配置容器重启策略,当宿主机重启由于配置了开机自启动，不用手动启动 3.--privileged：配置容器操作权限[true-root操作权限，false-当前容器用户操作权限] 4.对于部署网络模式推荐默认桥接模式,也自定义可以host模式等

5.修改配置： 进入容器：docker exec -it container-id[容器id] or container-name[容器名称] /bin/bash 例如：docker exec -it f2d2e97da375 /bin/bash #f2d2e97da375-> container-id

修改配置文件:

[root@f2d2e97da375 elasticsearch]# ls LICENSE.txt NOTICE.txt README.textile bin config data jdk lib logs modules plugins [root@f2d2e97da375 elasticsearch]# [root@f2d2e97da375 elasticsearch]# cd config [root@f2d2e97da375 config]# ls elasticsearch.keystore elasticsearch.yml jvm.options log4j2.properties role_mapping.yml roles.yml users users_roles [root@f2d2e97da375 config]# vi elasticsearch.yml 

添加跨域配置：http.cors.enabled: true && http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

cluster.name: "docker-cluster" network.host: 0.0.0.0 http.cors.enabled: true http.cors.allow-origin: "*" 

然后退出exit容器，在宿主机重启容器：docker restart container-id[容器id] or container-name[容器名称] docker restart f2d2e97da375

[root@f2d2e97da375 config]# exit exit [root@centos-meteor ~]# docker restart f2d2e97da375 f2d2e97da375 [root@centos-meteor ~]# 

ps[注意事项]： 1.进入容器方式：包括使用 docker attach 命令或 docker exec 命令， 推荐使用 docker exec 命令。原因：

• docker attach: 使用exit退出容器，会导致容器的停止
• docker exec：使用exit退出容器，不会导致容器的停止
• 参考docker进入容器的几种方法博客-docker进入容器的几种方法 2.如果Docker安装了可视化界面 Portainer，推荐采用这种方式进入容器：

搭建部署ElasticSearch-Head服务

ElasticSearch-Head：弹性搜索集群的Web前端界面，是使用Nodjs构建的，主要用于查看ElasticSearch相关信息

1.拉取Elasticsearch-Head 镜像：docker pull mobz/elasticsearch-head:5

[root@centos-amber ~]# docker pull mobz/elasticsearch-head:5 5: Pulling from mobz/elasticsearch-head 75a822cd7888: Pull complete 57de64c72267: Pull complete 4306be1e8943: Pull complete 871436ab7225: Pull complete 0110c26a367a: Pull complete 1f04fe713f1b: Pull complete 723bac39028e: Pull complete 7d8cb47f1c60: Pull complete 7328dcf65c42: Pull complete b451f2ccfb9a: Pull complete 304d5c28a4cf: Pull complete 4cf804850db1: Pull complete Digest: sha256:55a3c82dd4ba776e304b09308411edd85de0dc9719f9d97a2f33baa320223f34 Status: Downloaded newer image for mobz/elasticsearch-head:5 docker.io/mobz/elasticsearch-head:5 [root@centos-amber ~]# 

2.修改Elasticsearch-Head 镜像名称：docker tag  mobz/elasticsearch-head:5   elasticsearch-head:latest

[root@centos-amber ~]# docker tag mobz/elasticsearch-head:5 elasticsearch-head:latest [root@centos-amber ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE grafana/grafana latest 05d1bcf30d16 7 days ago 207MB nginx latest 540a289bab6c 3 weeks ago 126MB prom/prometheus latest 2c8e464e47f4 3 weeks ago 129MB moxm/sentinel-dashboard latest 0ccaac81584e 4 weeks ago 167MB portainer latest 4cda95efb0e4 4 weeks ago 80.6MB portainer/portainer latest 4cda95efb0e4 4 weeks ago 80.6MB apache/skywalking-ui latest fa66ca9c9862 2 months ago 123MB apache/skywalking-oap-server latest 376a37cdf65c 2 months ago 190MB docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana 7.3.1 b54865ba6b0b 2 months ago 1.01GB docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch 7.3.1 3d3aa92f641f 2 months ago 807MB elasticsearch latest 3d3aa92f641f 2 months ago 807MB prom/node-exporter latest e5a616e4b9cf 5 months ago 22.9MB google/cadvisor latest eb1210707573 12 months ago 69.6MB elasticsearch-head latest b19a5c98e43b 2 years ago 824MB mobz/elasticsearch-head 5 b19a5c98e43b 2 years ago 824MB tutum/influxdb latest c061e5808198 3 years ago 290MB [root@centos-amber ~]# 

3.部署Elasticsearch-Head 容器：

docker run -itd --restart=always --privileged=true -p 9100:9100 --name elasticsearch-head-server elasticsearch-head:latest 

查看容器服务：

docker ps --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t{{.Ports}}" 

4.浏览器访问：http://remote-ip:9100/

实战测试ElasticSearch-Head服务

1.准备数据：

{ "companyId": "ebcb4f99e0cb4ad781278ae636c1031f", "classifyName": "激素检测", "deviceType": "激素检测", "data": { "deviceId": "20000060100000002", "deviceNo": "QC00020000060100000002", "appid": "00000000", "sim": "89860404191792655118", "csq": "30", "electric": "98", "voltage": "13279", "softVer": "5143000500010601-01020006|5143000500010601-01010003", "hardVer": "5143000500010601-00000002|5143000500010601-00000002", "status": "0", "date": "2020-09-13 11:23:52", "elements": [ { "key": "20", "value": "10", "time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52" }, { "key": "21", "value": "11", "time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52" }, { "key": "22", "value": "12", "time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52" }, { "key": "23", "value": "13", "time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52" } ] } } 

2.设置请求头：application/json;charset=UTF-8

3.发送PUT请求：http://remote-ip/device/deviceData/QC00020000060100000001

{ "_index": "device", "_type": "deviceData", "_id": "QC00020000060100000002", "_version": 1, "result": "created", "_shards": { "total": 2, "successful": 1, "failed": 0 }, "created": true } 

4.打开浏览器查看结果：

实战搭建ElasticSearch总结

1.部署基本命令：

docker run -itd -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --restart=always --privileged=true --name elasticsearch-server --network-alias elasticsearch-server --hostname elasticsearch-server -v /docker/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml -v /docker/elasticsearch/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data -v /docker/elasticsearch/logs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms512m -Xmx512m -Xmn256m -XX:MetaspaceSize=128m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=320m -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -XX:-UseBiasedLocking " -e TZ="Asia/Shanghai" elasticsearch:latest 

2.配置文件[elasticsearch.yml ]:

cluster.name: elasticsearch-cluster node.name: elasticsearch-server network.host: 0.0.0.0 network.bind_host: 0.0.0.0 network.publish_host: 0.0.0.0 http.cors.enabled: true http.cors.allow-origin: "*" bootstrap.memory_lock: false bootstrap.system_call_filter: false transport.tcp.port: 9300 transport.tcp.compress: true http.max_content_length: 128mb 

3.分词插件安装：

./bin/elasticsearch-plugin install https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v7.5.0/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.5.0.zip 

4.Docker 部署 ElasticSearch-Head：

docker run -itd --restart=always --privileged=true -p 9100:9100 --network-alias elasticsearch-head-server --name elasticsearch-head-server --hostname elasticsearch-head-server -v /docker/elasticsearch-head/app:/usr/src/app elasticsearch-head:latest 

5.ElasticSearch-Head 使用406错误： ajaxSettings部分json配置：

 ajaxSettings: { url: ajaxLocation, isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test(ajaxLocParts[1]), global: true, type: "GET", //contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", contentType: "application/json;charset=UTF-8", processData: true, async: true, /* timeout: 0, data: null, dataType: null, username: null, password: null, cache: null, traditional: false, headers: {}, */ accepts: { xml: "application/xml, text/xml", html: "text/html", text: "text/plain", json: "application/json, text/javascript", "*": "*/*", }, 

inspectData 部分json配置：

 // Detect, normalize options and install callbacks for jsonp requests jQuery.ajaxPrefilter("json jsonp", function (s, originalSettings, jqXHR) { //var inspectData = s.contentType === "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" && var inspectData = (s.contentType === "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" && typeof s.data === "string") || (s.contentType === "application/json;charset=UTF-8" && typeof s.data === "string"); 

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循相关版权协议，如若转载或者分享请附上原文出处链接和链接来源。