全新Linux+Python高端运维班第三次作业
1、找出/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions文件中某单词后面跟一组小括号的行，形如：hello()； [root@tom~]#grep-E-o"[_[:alpha:]]+\(\)"/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions fstab_decode_str() checkpid() __readlink() __fgrep() __kill_pids_term_kill_checkpids() __kill_pids_term_kill() __umount_loop() __source_netdevs_fstab() __source_netdevs_mtab() __umount_loopback_loop() __find_mounts() __pids_var_run() __pids_pidof() daemon() killproc() pidfileofproc() pidofproc() status() echo_success() echo_failure() echo_passed() echo_warning() update_boot_stage() success() failure() passed() warning() action() action_silent() strstr() confirm() get_numeric_dev() is_ignored_file() is_true() is_false() apply_sysctl() key_is_random() find_crypto_mount_point() init_crypto() 2、使用echo命令输出一个绝对路径，使用grep取出其基名； 扩展：取出其路径名 [root@tom~]#echo/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0|grep-E-o"[^/]+$" ifcfg-eth0 #extended# [root@tom~]#echo/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0|grep-E-o"/.*/" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 3、找出ifconfig命令结果中的1-255之间数字； [root@tom~]#ifconfig eth0Linkencap:EthernetHWaddr08:00:27:DA:EF:CA inetaddr:172.18.11.121Bcast:172.18.11.127Mask:255.255.255.128 inet6addr:fe80::a00:27ff:feda:efca/64Scope:Link UPBROADCASTRUNNINGMULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1 RXpackets:21714errors:0dropped:0overruns:0frame:0 TXpackets:915errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0 collisions:0txqueuelen:1000 RXbytes:1479394(1.4MiB)TXbytes:133705(130.5KiB) loLinkencap:LocalLoopback inetaddr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6addr:::1/128Scope:Host UPLOOPBACKRUNNINGMTU:65536Metric:1 RXpackets:0errors:0dropped:0overruns:0frame:0 TXpackets:0errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0 collisions:0txqueuelen:0 RXbytes:0(0.0b)TXbytes:0(0.0b) [root@tom~]#ifconfig|egrep-o"\<([1-9]|[0-9]{2}|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-5]{2})\>" 08 00 27 172 18 11 121 172 18 11 127 255 255 255 128 64 1 2 1 224 2 127 1 255 1 128 1 4、查找当前系统上没有属主或属组的文件； 进一步：查找当前系统上没有属主或属组，且最近3天内曾被访问过的文件或目录； [root@tom~]#find/\(-nouser-o-nogroup\)-a-ls|wc-l find:`/proc/21565/task/21565/fd/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21565/task/21565/fd/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21565/task/21565/fdinfo/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21565/task/21565/fdinfo/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21565/fd/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21565/fd/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21565/fdinfo/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21565/fdinfo/5':Nosuchfileordirectory 1842 #Nextstep# [root@tom~]#find/\(-nouser-o-nogroup\)-a-atime-3-ls|wc-l find:`/proc/21574/task/21574/fd/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21574/task/21574/fdinfo/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21574/fd/5':Nosuchfileordirectory find:`/proc/21574/fdinfo/5':Nosuchfileordirectory 214 5、查找/etc目录下大于1M，且类型为普通文件的所有文件； [root@tom~]#find/etc-size+1M-typef-execls-lh{}\; -rw-r--r--.1rootroot8.1MDec1616:43/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/policy.kern -rw-r--r--.1rootroot8.1MDec1616:43/etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.24 -rw-r--r--.1rootroot2.2MDec1616:10/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults/%gconf-tree.xml 6、查找/etc/init.d/目录下，所有用户都有执行权限，且其它用户有写权限的文件； [root@tom~]#find/etc/init.d/-perm113 [root@tom~]#ls-lh/etc/init.d/ total440K -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.3KMay122016abrt-ccpp -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.6KMay122016abrtd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.7KMay122016abrt-oops -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.8KFeb172016acpid -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.1KFeb202015atd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.5KMay112016auditd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot4.0KJul122016autofs -r-xr-xr-x.1rootroot1.4KAug2402:37blk-availability -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot710Nov112010bluetooth -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.1KMay92016certmonger -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot12KJul242015cpuspeed -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.8KAug2402:36crond -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.0KMay112016cups -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.7KMay112016dnsmasq -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.2KJul92013firstboot -rw-r--r--.1rootroot25KApr122016functions -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.8KOct152014haldaemon -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot5.9KApr122016halt -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.0KNov1907:49htcacheclean -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.5KNov1907:49httpd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot11KJul242015ip6tables -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot6.6KMay112016ipsec -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot11KJul242015iptables -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.9KFeb22016irqbalance -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot21KNov1823:19kdump -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot652Apr122016killall -r-xr-xr-x.1rootroot2.1KAug2402:37lvm2-lvmetad -r-xr-xr-x.1rootroot3.0KAug2402:37lvm2-monitor -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.6KJun212016mdmonitor -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.2KApr222015messagebus -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot6.9KMay112016mysqld -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.0KApr122016netconsole -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot5.2KApr122016netfs -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot6.3KApr122016network -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.2KMay112016NetworkManager -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot6.8KOct504:27nfs -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.5KOct504:27nfslock -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.9KMay32016ntpd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.0KMay32016ntpdate -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.3KMay112016oddjobd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.5KMay312010openct -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.2KJul242015pcscd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.0KMay112016portreserve -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.9KNov102015postfix -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot9.5KNov522:08postgresql-9.2 -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.7KMay112016pppoe-server -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.6KJul172012psacct -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.0KJan72015quota_nld -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.5KNov132015rdisc -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.8KNov1823:30restorecond -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.8KSep222015rngd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.1KMay112016rpcbind -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.5KOct504:27rpcgssd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.3KOct504:27rpcidmapd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.5KOct504:27rpcsvcgssd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.0KDec102014rsyslog -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.7KNov1823:30sandbox -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.1KFeb272015saslauthd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot647Apr122016single -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.0KFeb222013smartd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.2KAug2402:47snmpd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.7KAug2402:47snmptrapd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.5KMay112016spice-vdagentd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot4.6KMay122016sshd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.7KJul122016sssd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.2KMay112016sysstat -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot2.3KSep622:51udev-post -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot16KNov616:42vboxadd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.0KNov616:43vboxadd-service -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot21KNov616:43vboxadd-x11 -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot3.4KMay112016vsftpd -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.7KFeb222013wdaemon -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.6KAug2402:58winbind -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot1.9KNov1822:26wpa_supplicant -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot5.0KMay112016ypbind 7、查找/etc目录下最近一周内其内容被修改过，且不属于root或hadoop的文件； [root@tom~]#find/etc-mtime-7-a-not\(-userroot-o-userhadoop\) [root@tom~]# 8、复制/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件至/tmp目录，将/tmp/rc.sysinit文件中的以至少一个空白字符开头的行的行首加#； [root@tom~]#cp/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit/tmp [root@tom~]#ls-lh/tmp total24K drwx------.2rootroot4.0KDec1119:18pulse-0QUeAoK4lJM6 -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot20KFeb1217:07rc.sysinit [root@tom~]#head-n20/tmp/rc.sysinit #!/bin/bash # #/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit-runonceatboottime # #TakeninpartfromMiquelvanSmoorenburg'sbcheckrc. # HOSTNAME=$(/bin/hostname) set-m if[-f/etc/sysconfig/network];then ./etc/sysconfig/network fi if[-z"$HOSTNAME"-o"$HOSTNAME"="(none)"];then HOSTNAME=localhost fi if[!-e/proc/mounts];then mount-n-tproc/proc/proc [root@tom~]#vim/tmp/rc.sysinit #在末行模式下输入: :%s@^[[:space:]]\+@#&@g [root@tom~]#head-n20/tmp/rc.sysinit #!/bin/bash # #/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit-runonceatboottime # #TakeninpartfromMiquelvanSmoorenburg'sbcheckrc. # HOSTNAME=$(/bin/hostname) set-m if[-f/etc/sysconfig/network];then #./etc/sysconfig/network fi if[-z"$HOSTNAME"-o"$HOSTNAME"="(none)"];then #HOSTNAME=localhost fi if[!-e/proc/mounts];then #mount-n-tproc/proc/proc [root@tom~]#head-n20/tmp/rc.sysinit #!/bin/bash # /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit-runonceatboottime # TakeninpartfromMiquelvanSmoorenburg'sbcheckrc. # HOSTNAME=$(/bin/hostname) set-m if[-f/etc/sysconfig/network];then ./etc/sysconfig/network fi if[-z"$HOSTNAME"-o"$HOSTNAME"="(none)"];then HOSTNAME=localhost fi if[!-e/proc/mounts];then mount-n-tproc/proc/proc 9、删除/tmp/rc.sysinit文件中的以#开头，且后面跟了至少一个空白字符的行行的#和空白字符 [root@tom~]#head-n20/tmp/rc.sysinit #!/bin/bash # #/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit-runonceatboottime # #TakeninpartfromMiquelvanSmoorenburg'sbcheckrc. # HOSTNAME=$(/bin/hostname) set-m if[-f/etc/sysconfig/network];then #./etc/sysconfig/network fi if[-z"$HOSTNAME"-o"$HOSTNAME"="(none)"];then #HOSTNAME=localhost fi if[!-e/proc/mounts];then #mount-n-tproc/proc/proc [root@tom~]#vim/tmp/rc.sysinit #在末行模式下输入: :%s@^#[[:space:]]\+@@g [root@tom~]#head-n20/tmp/rc.sysinit #!/bin/bash # /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit-runonceatboottime # TakeninpartfromMiquelvanSmoorenburg'sbcheckrc. # HOSTNAME=$(/bin/hostname) set-m if[-f/etc/sysconfig/network];then ./etc/sysconfig/network fi if[-z"$HOSTNAME"-o"$HOSTNAME"="(none)"];then HOSTNAME=localhost fi if[!-e/proc/mounts];then mount-n-tproc/proc/proc 10、将/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo文件中所有的enabled=0或gpgcheck=0的最后的0修改为1； [root@tom~]#cat/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo #CentOS-Media.repo # #ThisrepocanbeusedwithmountedDVDmedia,verifythemountpointfor #CentOS-6.Youcanusethisrepoandyumtoinstallitemsdirectlyoffthe #DVDISOthatwerelease. # #Tousethisrepo,putinyourDVDanduseitwiththeotherrepostoo: #yum--enablerepo=c6-media[command] # #orforONLYthemediarepo,dothis: # #yum--disablerepo=\*--enablerepo=c6-media[command] [c6-media] name=CentOS-$releasever-Media baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/ file:///media/cdrom/ file:///media/cdrecorder/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey= [root@tom~]#vi/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo #在末行模式下输入: :%s/\(enabled\|gpgcheck\)=0/\1=1/g [root@tom~]#cat/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo #CentOS-Media.repo # #ThisrepocanbeusedwithmountedDVDmedia,verifythemountpointfor #CentOS-6.Youcanusethisrepoandyumtoinstallitemsdirectlyoffthe #DVDISOthatwerelease. # #Tousethisrepo,putinyourDVDanduseitwiththeotherrepostoo: #yum--enablerepo=c6-media[command] # #orforONLYthemediarepo,dothis: # #yum--disablerepo=\*--enablerepo=c6-media[command] [c6-media] name=CentOS-$releasever-Media baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/ file:///media/cdrom/ file:///media/cdrecorder/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 11、每周2，4，6备份/var/log/messages文件至/backup/messages_logs/目录中，保存的文件名形如messages-20161202 [root@tom~]#crontab-e nocrontabforroot-usinganemptyone crontab:installingnewcrontab [root@tom~]#crontab-l #Backup/var/log/messagesto/backup/messages_logs/ateveryweek2,4,6--sam ****2,4,6cp/var/log/messagesbackup/messages_logs/messages-$(date+%Y%m%D) 12、每天每两小时取当前系统/proc/meminfo文件中的所有以S开头的信息至/stats/memory.txt文件中 [root@tom~]#crontab-e crontab:installingnewcrontab [root@tom~]#crontab-l #Backup/var/log/messagesto/backup/messages_logs/ateveryweek2,4,6--sam ****2,4,6cp/var/log/messagesbackup/messages_logs/messages-$(date+%Y%m%D) #每天每两小时取当前系统/proc/meminfo文件中的所有以S开头的信息至/stats/memory.txt文件中 **/2***cat/proc/meminfo|grep"^S">>/stats/memory.txt 13、写一个脚本创建10用户user10-user19；密码同用户名； [root@tombin]#vimuadd #!/bin/bash #adduser10-user19. for((i=10;i<=19;i++));do iduser$i&>/dev/null&&exit0||useradduser$i&&echo"user$i"|passwd--stdinuser$i done [root@tombin]#ll total4 -rw-r--r--.1rootroot155Feb1218:02uadd [root@tombin]#chmod755uadd [root@tombin]#ll total4 -rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot155Feb1218:02uadd [root@tombin]#uadd Changingpasswordforuseruser10. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. Changingpasswordforuseruser11. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. Changingpasswordforuseruser12. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. Changingpasswordforuseruser13. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. Changingpasswordforuseruser14. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. Changingpasswordforuseruser15. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. Changingpasswordforuseruser16. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. Changingpasswordforuseruser17. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. Changingpasswordforuseruser18. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. Changingpasswordforuseruser19. passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully. [root@tombin]#tail/etc/passwd user10:x:3009:3009::/home/user10:/bin/bash user11:x:3010:3010::/home/user11:/bin/bash user12:x:3011:3011::/home/user12:/bin/bash user13:x:3012:3012::/home/user13:/bin/bash user14:x:3013:3013::/home/user14:/bin/bash user15:x:3014:3014::/home/user15:/bin/bash user16:x:3015:3015::/home/user16:/bin/bash user17:x:3016:3016::/home/user17:/bin/bash user18:x:3017:3017::/home/user18:/bin/bash user19:x:3018:3018::/home/user19:/bin/bash
