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HAProxy高性能软负载均衡器

现在公司实现高可用已经成为必不可少的一环，在众多的负载均衡集群方案中，Haproxy是比较有名的一个。它可以实现TCP或Http的负载均衡。优点如下： 免费开源，与硬件负载均衡相比划算很多 最高可以维护40000~50000个并发，作为软件级别的负载均衡来说，实在强大 支持多种负载均衡算法，同时支持session保持 支持虚拟主机 拥有服务器监控页面，可以了解系统的实时运行状态 借用官网的图，图中的HA即为Haproxy软件，下面的PROXY为要代理的服务器，客户端只需要访问HA，相当于在访问PROXY。 image.png 演示 像这种软件的东西，直接动手比说理论有用的多。我还是基于Docker演示，明白其原理主要是配置文件，用虚拟机或容器都是类似的。 拉取Haproxy:1.8镜像 docker pull haproxy:1.8 拉取httpd镜像，并且准备web容器 docker pull httpd:2.4 docker run -it -d --name web1 httpd:2.4 docker run -it -d --name web2 httpd:2.4 docker run -it -d --name web-static httpd:2.4 docker exec -it web1 /bin/bash 进入容器之后分别修改其html页面 image.png 运行Haproxy容器，并且准备其配置文件 Haproxy的配置文件主要分为几部分 global 一些全局配置信息，主要和进程相关，注意如果涉及到目录相关的，要提前创建目录 defaults 默认的配置信息 frontend 前端的配置，暴露给用户的部分 backend 后端的配置，真实的提高服务的部分 在官方的网站中，所有的配置指令都有详细的解释，网址在文末的参考中。 我们的配置如下 image.png global log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 frontend main acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js use_backend static if url_static default_backend app bind :80 backend static balance roundrobin server static 172.17.0.5:80 check backend app balance roundrobin server app1 172.17.0.3:80 check server app2 172.17.0.4:80 check 结果 在访问同一台服务器，可以看到响应的内容确实转发到后端不同的服务器上面 image.png 最后 纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。Haproxy一直在大脑中停留着，亲自配置一遍才知道其是怎么回事。中间遇到两个问题 Haproxy1.5版本与1.8版本的frontend配置稍有不同，学会参考文档 配置文件中的stats指定的目录在系统中如果不存在，会报错，指定的目录都要存在才行 让配置生效之前先用haproxy -c检查一下配置文件是否正确 参考 Haproxy官方配置参考
2018-08-11
优秀的个人博客,低调大师

构建MySQL+DRBD+Keepalived高性能架构

前言*DRBD(DistributedReplicatedBlockDevice)是一个基于块设备级别在远程服务器直接同步和镜像数据的开源软件，类似于RAID1数据镜像，通常配合keepalived、heartbeat等HA软件来实现高可用性。这里简单记录仅供参考。 一、实施环境 1 2 3 4 5 系统版本：CentOS 5.8 DRBD版本:drbd- 8.3 . 15 Keepalived：keepalived- 1.1 . 15 Master： 192.168 . 149.128 Backup： 192.168 . 149.129 二、初始化配置 1) 在128、129两台服务器/etc/hosts里面都添加如下配置： 1 2 192.168 . 149.128 node1 192.168 . 149.129 node2 2) 优化系统kernel参数，直接上sysctl.conf配置如下: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 net.ipv4.ip_forward= 0 net.ipv4.conf. default .rp_filter= 1 net.ipv4.conf. default .accept_source_route= 0 kernel.sysrq= 0 kernel.core_uses_pid= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies= 1 kernel.msgmnb= 65536 kernel.msgmax= 65536 kernel.shmmax= 68719476736 kernel.shmall= 4294967296 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets= 10000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem= 4096 87380 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem= 4096 16384 4194304 net.core.wmem_default= 8388608 net.core.rmem_default= 8388608 net.core.rmem_max= 16777216 net.core.wmem_max= 16777216 net.core.netdev_max_backlog= 262144 net.core.somaxconn= 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans= 3276800 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog= 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps= 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem= 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time= 30 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 1024 65530 net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all= 1 3) 两台服务器分别添加一块设备，用于DRBD主设备存储，我这里为/dev/sdb 30G硬盘； 执行如下命令： 1 mkfs.ext3/dev/sdb;dd if =/dev/zeroof=/dev/sdbbs=1Mcount= 1 ;sync 三、DRBD安装配置 1 yum-yinstalldrbd83*kmod-drbd83;modprobedrbd 安装完成并加载drbd模块后，vi修改/etc/drbd.conf配置文件，本文内容如下： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 global{ usage-countyes; } common{ syncer{rate100M;} } resourcer0{ protocolC; startup{ } disk{ on-io-errordetach; #size1G; } net{ } onnode1{ device/dev/drbd0; disk/dev/sdb; address 192.168 . 149.128 : 7898 ; meta-disk internal ; } onnode2{ device/dev/drbd0; disk/dev/sdb; address 192.168 . 149.129 : 7898 ; meta-disk internal ; } } 配置修改完毕后执行如下命令初始化： 1 drbdadmcreate-mdr0;/etc/init.d/drbdrestart;/etc/init.d/status 如下图: 以上步骤，需要在两台服务器都执行，两台都配置完毕后，在node2从上面执行如下命令：/etc/init.d/drbd status 看到如下信息，表示目前两台都为从，我们需要设置node1为master，命令如下： 1 2 3 drbdadm----overwrite-data-of-peerprimaryall mkfs.ext3/dev/drbd0 mkdir/app;mount/dev/drbd0/app 自此，DRBD配置完毕，我们可以往/app目录写入任何东西，当master出现宕机或者其他故障，手动切换到backup，数据没有任何丢失，相当于两台服务器做网络RAID1。 四、Keepalived配置 1 2 3 wgethttp: //www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz;tar-xzvfkeepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz;cdkeepalived-1.1.15;./configure;make;makeinstall DIR=/usr/local/;cp$DIR/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/;cp$DIR/etc/sysconfig/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/; mkdir-p/etc/keepalived;cp$DIR/sbin/keepalived/usr/sbin/ 两台服务器均安装keepalived，并进行配置，首先在node1（master）上配置，keepalived.conf内容如下： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 !ConfigurationFile for keepalived global_defs{ router_idLVS_DEVEL } vrrp_scriptcheck_mysql{ script "/data/sh/check_mysql.sh" interval 5 } vrrp_instanceVI_1{ stateMASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 52 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication{ auth_typePASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress{ 192.168 . 149.100 } track_script{ check_mysql } } 然后创建check_mysql.sh检测脚本，内容如下： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 #!/bin/sh A=`ps-Cmysqld--no-header|wc-l` if [$A-eq 0 ];then /bin/umount/app/ drbdadmsecondaryr0 killallkeepalived fi 添加node2（backup）上配置，keepalived.conf内容如下： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 !ConfigurationFile for keepalived global_defs{ router_idLVS_DEVEL } vrrp_sync_groupVI{ group{ VI_1 } notify_master/data/sh/master.sh notify_backup/data/sh/backup.sh } vrrp_instanceVI_1{ stateBACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 52 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication{ auth_typePASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress{ 192.168 . 149.100 } } 创建master.sh检测脚本，内容如下： 1 2 3 4 #!/bin/bash drbdadmprimaryr0 /bin/mount/dev/drbd0/app/ /etc/init.d/mysqldstart 创建backup.sh检测脚本，内容如下： 1 2 3 4 #!/bin/bash /etc/init.d/mysqldstop /bin/umount/dev/drbd0 drbdadmsecondaryr0 发生脑裂恢复步骤如下： 1 2 3 4 5 Master执行命令： drbdadmsecondaryr0 drbdadm----discard-my-dataconnectr0 Backup上执行命令： drbdadmconnectr0 本文转自 wgkgood 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/wgkgood/1408056
2017-11-15
优秀的个人博客,低调大师

LVS+keepalived高性能集群应用实战

[root@example~]#yuminstallipvsadm-y安装ip_vs管理工具 理论部分我们在上篇文章中详细介绍了，这次进入实操阶段 [root@example~]#modprobeip_vs加载ip_vs模块 [root@example~]#modprobeip_vs_rr [root@example~]#lsmod|grepip_vs ip_vs_rr14200 ip_vs1265342ip_vs_rr libcrc32c12461ip_vs ipv6335589271ip_vs [root@example~]#ipaddradd192.168.189.200/24deveth0labeleth0:1手动加vip地址 [root@example~]#ipaddr 1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWN link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00 inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlo inet6::1/128scopehost valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 2:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:5a:e1:a3brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.189.130/24brd192.168.189.255scopeglobaleth0 inet192.168.189.200/24scopeglobalsecondaryeth0:1 inet6fe80::20c:29ff:fe5a:e1a3/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 本次环境规划如下 操作系统 centos6.7 [root@example~]#curl192.168.189.132 web01_192.168.189.132 [root@example~]#curl192.168.189.133 web02_192.168.189.133 手工执行配置lvs服务器并添加两台rs服务 查看相关的帮助命令 [root@example~]#ipvsadm--help ipvsadmv1.262008/5/15(compiledwithpoptandIPVSv1.2.1) Usage: ipvsadm-A|E-t|u|fservice-address[-sscheduler][-p[timeout]][-Mnetmask][--pepersistence_engine] ipvsadm-D-t|u|fservice-address ipvsadm-C ipvsadm-R ipvsadm-S[-n] ipvsadm-a|e-t|u|fservice-address-rserver-address[options] ipvsadm-d-t|u|fservice-address-rserver-address ipvsadm-L|l[options] ipvsadm-Z[-t|u|fservice-address] ipvsadm--settcptcpfinudp ipvsadm--start-daemonstate[--mcast-interfaceinterface][--syncidsid] ipvsadm--stop-daemonstate ipvsadm-h Commands: Eitherlongorshortoptionsareallowed. --add-service-Aaddvirtualservicewithoptions --edit-service-Eeditvirtualservicewithoptions --delete-service-Ddeletevirtualservice --clear-Cclearthewholetable --restore-Rrestorerulesfromstdin --save-Ssaverulestostdout --add-server-aaddrealserverwithoptions --edit-server-eeditrealserverwithoptions --delete-server-ddeleterealserver --list-L|-llistthetable --zero-Zzerocountersinaserviceorallservices --settcptcpfinudpsetconnectiontimeoutvalues --start-daemonstartconnectionsyncdaemon --stop-daemonstopconnectionsyncdaemon --help-hdisplaythishelpmessage [root@example~]#ipvsadm-C清空全部配置 [root@example~]#ipvsadm-A-t192.168.189.200:80-swrr指定vip并设定调度算法 [root@example~]#ipvsadm-a-t192.168.189.200:80-r192.168.189.132:80-g-w1添加rs [root@example~]#ipvsadm-a-t192.168.189.200:80-r192.168.189.133:80-g-w3 [root@example~]#ipvsadm-Ln IPVirtualServerversion1.2.1(size=4096) ProtLocalAddress:PortSchedulerFlags ->RemoteAddress:PortForwardWeightActiveConnInActConn TCP192.168.189.200:80wrr ->192.168.189.132:80Route100 ->192.168.189.133:80Route300 手工在rs服务器上面绑定操作 第一台 [root@example~]#ifconfiglo:132192.168.189.200netmask255.255.255.255up [root@example~]#routeadd-host192.168.189.200devlo [root@example~]#ipaddr 1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWN link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00 inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlo inet192.168.189.200/32brd192.168.189.200scopegloballo:132 inet6::1/128scopehost valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 2:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:66:66:33brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.189.132/24brd192.168.189.255scopeglobaleth0 inet6fe80::20c:29ff:fe66:6633/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 第二台 [root@example~]#ipaddradd192.168.189.200/32devlolabello:133 [root@example~]#routeadd-host192.168.189.200devlo [root@example~]#ipaddr 1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWN link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00 inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlo inet192.168.189.200/32scopegloballo:133 inet6::1/128scopehost valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 2:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:6c:a9:25brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.189.133/24brd192.168.189.255scopeglobaleth0 inet6fe80::20c:29ff:fe6c:a925/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 手工在rs端抑制arp响应 第一台 [root@example~]#echo"1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore [root@example~]#echo"2">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce [root@example~]#echo"1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore [root@example~]#echo"2">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce 第二台 [root@example~]#echo"1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore [root@example~]#echo"2">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce [root@example~]#echo"1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore [root@example~]#echo"2">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce 测试访问，不停的刷新，同时打开web服务器的log观察 web01_132日志 [root@example~]#tail-f/var/log/httpd/access_log 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:21+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"20022"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:24+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"20022"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:25+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"20022"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" web01_133日志 [root@example~]#tail-f/var/log/httpd/access_log 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:33:54+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"20022"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:33:54+0800]"GET/favicon.icoHTTP/1.1"404290"http://192.168.189.200/""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:05+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"304-"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:17+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"304-"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:20+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"304-"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:22+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"20022"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:23+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"304-"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:23+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"304-"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:24+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"20022"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:25+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"304-"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:25+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"304-"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:26+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"20022"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" 192.168.189.1--[13/Aug/2016:14:34:26+0800]"GET/HTTP/1.1"304-"-""Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/51.0.2704.106Safari/537.36" [root@example~]#ipvsadm-Ln--stats可以看到基本符合我们设定的权重1:3 IPVirtualServerversion1.2.1(size=4096) ProtLocalAddress:PortConnsInPktsOutPktsInBytesOutBytes ->RemoteAddress:Port TCP192.168.189.200:80663350444740 ->192.168.189.132:8016820109780 ->192.168.189.133:80502530334960 上面日志可能不够直观，最好再开一个客户端去执行for循环测试，这里就不在演示 以上手工创建只是为了让我更好的理解lvs的过程，好了下面开始我们的keepalived部分 安装keepalived [root@example~]#yuminstallkeepalived-y 配置keepalived 主节点上面 [root@example~]#cat/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf global_defs{ notification_email{ 1335120568@qq.com } notification_email_fromAlexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server192.168.200.1 smtp_connect_timeout30 router_idLVS_01 } vrrp_instanceweb{ stateMASTER interfaceeth0 virtual_router_id51 priority150 advert_int1 authentication{ auth_typePASS auth_pass1111 } virtual_ipaddress{ 192.168.189.200/24 } } virtual_server192.168.189.20080{ delay_loop6 lb_algowrr lb_kindDR nat_mask255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout50 protocolTCP real_server192.168.189.13280{ weight1 TCP_CHECK{ connect_timeout8 nb_get_retry3 delay_before_retry3 connect_port80 } } real_server192.168.189.13380{ weight1 TCP_CHECK{ connect_timeout8 nb_get_retry3 delay_before_retry3 connect_port80 } } } 备用节点上面keepalived配置 [root@example~]#cat/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf global_defs{ notification_email{ 1335120568@qq.com } notification_email_fromAlexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server192.168.200.1 smtp_connect_timeout30 router_idLVS_02 } vrrp_instanceweb{ stateBACKUP interfaceeth0 virtual_router_id51 priority100 advert_int1 authentication{ auth_typePASS auth_pass1111 } virtual_ipaddress{ 192.168.189.200/24 } } virtual_server192.168.189.20080{ delay_loop6 lb_algowrr lb_kindDR nat_mask255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout50 protocolTCP real_server192.168.189.13280{ weight1 TCP_CHECK{ connect_timeout8 nb_get_retry3 delay_before_retry3 connect_port80 } } real_server192.168.189.13380{ weight1 TCP_CHECK{ connect_timeout8 nb_get_retry3 delay_before_retry3 connect_port80 } } } 启动主备keepalived的观察log [root@example~]#/etc/init.d/keepalivedstart Startingkeepalived:[OK] 主节点上面 [root@examplekeepalived]#tail-f/var/log/messages Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived[45366]:StartingKeepalivedv1.2.13(03/19,2015) Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived[45367]:StartingHealthcheckchildprocess,pid=45369 Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived[45367]:StartingVRRPchildprocess,pid=45370 Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.130added Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.130added Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.200added Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIPfe80::20c:29ff:fe5a:e1a3added Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkreflector Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkcommandchannel Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:RegisteringgratuitousARPsharedchannel Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.200added Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIPfe80::20c:29ff:fe5a:e1a3added Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkreflector Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkcommandchannel Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:Openingfile'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:Configurationisusing:63278Bytes Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:UsingLinkWatchkernelnetlinkreflector... Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:Openingfile'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:Configurationisusing:14742Bytes Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:VRRPsockpool:[ifindex(2),proto(112),unicast(0),fd(10,11)] Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:UsingLinkWatchkernelnetlinkreflector... Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:Activatinghealthcheckerforservice[192.168.189.132]:80 Aug1315:11:10exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:Activatinghealthcheckerforservice[192.168.189.133]:80 Aug1315:11:11exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:VRRP_Instance(web)TransitiontoMASTERSTATE Aug1315:11:11exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:VRRP_Instance(web)Receivedlowerprioadvert,forcingnewelection Aug1315:11:12exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:VRRP_Instance(web)EnteringMASTERSTATE Aug1315:11:12exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:VRRP_Instance(web)settingprotocolVIPs. Aug1315:11:12exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:VRRP_Instance(web)SendinggratuitousARPsoneth0for192.168.189.200 Aug1315:11:17exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:VRRP_Instance(web)SendinggratuitousARPsoneth0for192.168.189.200 Aug1315:13:36exampledhclient[1239]:DHCPREQUESToneth0to192.168.189.254port67(xid=0x3b1957c6) Aug1315:13:36exampledhclient[1239]:DHCPACKfrom192.168.189.254(xid=0x3b1957c6) Aug1315:13:38exampledhclient[1239]:boundto192.168.189.130--renewalin678seconds. 备用节点上面 [root@examplekeepalived]#tail-f/var/log/messages Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived[1937]:StartingKeepalivedv1.2.13(03/19,2015) Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived[1938]:StartingHealthcheckchildprocess,pid=1940 Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived[1938]:StartingVRRPchildprocess,pid=1941 Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.131added Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.131added Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIPfe80::20c:29ff:feea:4c15added Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkreflector Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkcommandchannel Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIPfe80::20c:29ff:feea:4c15added Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkreflector Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkcommandchannel Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:RegisteringgratuitousARPsharedchannel Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:Openingfile'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:Configurationisusing:63278Bytes Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:UsingLinkWatchkernelnetlinkreflector... Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)EnteringBACKUPSTATE Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRPsockpool:[ifindex(2),proto(112),unicast(0),fd(10,11)] Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:Openingfile'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Aug1315:11:03exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:Configurationisusing:14742Bytes Aug1315:11:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:UsingLinkWatchkernelnetlinkreflector... Aug1315:11:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:Activatinghealthcheckerforservice[192.168.189.132]:80 Aug1315:11:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:Activatinghealthcheckerforservice[192.168.189.133]:80 Aug1315:11:04examplekernel:IPVS:[wrr]schedulerregistered. Aug1315:11:07exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)TransitiontoMASTERSTATE Aug1315:11:08exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)EnteringMASTERSTATE Aug1315:11:08exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)settingprotocolVIPs. Aug1315:11:08exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)SendinggratuitousARPsoneth0for192.168.189.200 Aug1315:11:08exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.200added Aug1315:11:10examplentpd[1525]:Listennormallyon6eth0192.168.189.200UDP123 Aug1315:11:11exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)Receivedhigherprioadvert Aug1315:11:11exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)EnteringBACKUPSTATE Aug1315:11:11exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)removingprotocolVIPs. Aug1315:11:11exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.200removed Aug1315:11:13examplentpd[1525]:Deletinginterface#6eth0,192.168.189.200#123,interfacestats:received=0,sent=0,dropped=0,active_time=3secs 主节点vip地址情况 [root@example~]#ipaddr 1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWN link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00 inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlo inet6::1/128scopehost valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 2:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:5a:e1:a3brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.189.130/24brd192.168.189.255scopeglobaleth0 inet192.168.189.200/24scopeglobalsecondaryeth0:1 inet6fe80::20c:29ff:fe5a:e1a3/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 备用节点vip地址情况 [root@example~]#ipaddr 1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWN link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00 inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlo inet6::1/128scopehost valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 2:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:ea:4c:15brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.189.131/24brd192.168.189.255scopeglobaleth0 inet6fe80::20c:29ff:feea:4c15/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever rs服务器配置（两台都需要做） [root@example ~]# echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore [root@example ~]# echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce [root@example ~]# echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore [root@example ~]# echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce [root@example ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet 192.168.189.200/32 scope global lo:1 inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:66:66:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.189.132/24 brd 192.168.189.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe66:6633/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 高可用×××测试 高可用性是通过LVS的两个DirectorServer完成的，为了模拟故障，先将主DirectorServer 上面的Keepalived服务停止，然后观察备用DirectorServer上Keepalived的运行日志，信息如下： [root@example~]#/etc/init.d/keepalivedstop主节点 Stoppingkeepalived:[OK] 主节点日志 Aug1315:18:53exampleKeepalived[45367]:StoppingKeepalivedv1.2.13(03/19,2015) Aug1315:18:53exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:VRRP_Instance(web)sending0priority Aug1315:18:53exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45370]:VRRP_Instance(web)removingprotocolVIPs. Aug1315:18:53exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.200removed Aug1315:18:53exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:Removingservice[192.168.189.132]:80fromVS[192.168.189.200]:80 Aug1315:18:53exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45369]:Removingservice[192.168.189.133]:80fromVS[192.168.189.200]:80 Aug1315:18:53examplekernel:IPVS:__ip_vs_del_service:enter Aug1315:18:54examplentpd[1525]:Deletinginterface#6eth0:1,192.168.189.200#123,interfacestats:received=0,sent=0,dropped=0,active_time=5131secs 备用节点日志 Aug1315:18:53exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)TransitiontoMASTERSTATE Aug1315:18:54exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)EnteringMASTERSTATE Aug1315:18:54exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)settingprotocolVIPs. Aug1315:18:54exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)SendinggratuitousARPsoneth0for192.168.189.200 Aug1315:18:54exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.200added Aug1315:18:56examplentpd[1525]:Listennormallyon7eth0192.168.189.200UDP123 Aug1315:18:59exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)SendinggratuitousARPsoneth0for192.168.189.200 主节点keepalived恢复观察日志情况 [root@example~]#/etc/init.d/keepalivedstop Stoppingkeepalived:[OK] 主节点日志 Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived[45420]:StartingKeepalivedv1.2.13(03/19,2015) Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived[45421]:StartingHealthcheckchildprocess,pid=45423 Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived[45421]:StartingVRRPchildprocess,pid=45424 Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.130added Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIPfe80::20c:29ff:fe5a:e1a3added Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkreflector Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkcommandchannel Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:RegisteringgratuitousARPsharedchannel Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.130added Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIPfe80::20c:29ff:fe5a:e1a3added Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkreflector Aug1315:22:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:RegisteringKernelnetlinkcommandchannel Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:Openingfile'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:Configurationisusing:63278Bytes Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:UsingLinkWatchkernelnetlinkreflector... Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:VRRPsockpool:[ifindex(2),proto(112),unicast(0),fd(10,11)] Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:Openingfile'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:Configurationisusing:14742Bytes Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:UsingLinkWatchkernelnetlinkreflector... Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:Activatinghealthcheckerforservice[192.168.189.132]:80 Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:Activatinghealthcheckerforservice[192.168.189.133]:80 Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:VRRP_Instance(web)TransitiontoMASTERSTATE Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:VRRP_Instance(web)Receivedlowerprioadvert,forcingnewelection Aug1315:22:06exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:VRRP_Instance(web)EnteringMASTERSTATE Aug1315:22:06exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:VRRP_Instance(web)settingprotocolVIPs. Aug1315:22:06exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:VRRP_Instance(web)SendinggratuitousARPsoneth0for192.168.189.200 Aug1315:22:06exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.200added Aug1315:22:07examplentpd[1525]:Listennormallyon7eth0192.168.189.200UDP123 Aug1315:22:11exampleKeepalived_vrrp[45424]:VRRP_Instance(web)SendinggratuitousARPsoneth0for192.168.189.200 备用节点 Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)Receivedhigherprioadvert Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)EnteringBACKUPSTATE Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_vrrp[1941]:VRRP_Instance(web)removingprotocolVIPs. Aug1315:22:05exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:NetlinkreflectorreportsIP192.168.189.200removed Aug1315:22:07examplentpd[1525]:Deletinginterface#7eth0,192.168.189.200#123,interfacestats:received=0,sent=0,dropped=0,active_time=191secs Aug1315:22:54exampledhclient[1239]:DHCPREQUESToneth0to192.168.189.254port67(xid=0x6d287b9) Aug1315:22:54exampledhclient[1239]:DHCPACKfrom192.168.189.254(xid=0x6d287b9) Aug1315:22:56exampledhclient[1239]:boundto192.168.189.131--renewalin680seconds. 可以看到备用节点的vip地址被移除了，一切都符合预期 负载均衡测试，打开浏览器测试访问lvs的vip地址 故障切换测试 故障切换是测试在某个节点出现故障后，Keepalived监控模块是否能及时发现，然后屏蔽故障节点，同时将服务转移到正常节点上执行。 这里将real server 1节点服务停掉，假定这个节点出现故障，然后查看主、备机日志信息，相关日志如下： [root@example ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd stop Stopping httpd: [ OK ] 观察主节点keepalived日志情况 Aug1315:30:05exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:TCPconnectionto[192.168.189.132]:80failed!!! Aug1315:30:05exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:Removingservice[192.168.189.132]:80fromVS[192.168.189.200]:80 Aug1315:30:05exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:RemoteSMTPserver[192.168.200.1]:25connected. Aug1315:30:35exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:TimeoutreadingdatatoremoteSMTPserver[192.168.200.1]:25. 观察备用节点keepalived日志情况 Aug1315:30:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:TCPconnectionto[192.168.189.132]:80failed!!! Aug1315:30:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:Removingservice[192.168.189.132]:80fromVS[192.168.189.200]:80 Aug1315:30:04exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:RemoteSMTPserver[192.168.200.1]:25connected. Aug1315:30:34exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:TimeoutreadingdatatoremoteSMTPserver[192.168.200.1]:25. 通过日志可以看出，Keepalived监控模块检测到192.168.189.132这台主机出现故障后，将此节点从集群系统中剔除掉了。 此时访问http://192.168.189.200这个地址，应该只能看到“web02_192.168.189.133”了， 这是因为节点1出现故障，而Keepalived监控模块将节点1从集群系统中剔除了 再次重启web01服务观察主备keepalived日志情况 主节点keepalived日志情况 Aug1315:33:47exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:TCPconnectionto[192.168.189.132]:80success. Aug1315:33:47exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:Addingservice[192.168.189.132]:80toVS[192.168.189.200]:80 Aug1315:33:47exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:RemoteSMTPserver[192.168.200.1]:25connected. Aug1315:34:17exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[45423]:TimeoutreadingdatatoremoteSMTPserver[192.168.200.1]:25. 备用节点keepalived日志情况 Aug1315:33:46exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:TCPconnectionto[192.168.189.132]:80success. Aug1315:33:46exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:Addingservice[192.168.189.132]:80toVS[192.168.189.200]:80 Aug1315:33:46exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:RemoteSMTPserver[192.168.200.1]:25connected. Aug1315:34:16exampledhclient[1239]:DHCPREQUESToneth0to192.168.189.254port67(xid=0x6d287b9) Aug1315:34:16exampledhclient[1239]:DHCPACKfrom192.168.189.254(xid=0x6d287b9) Aug1315:34:16exampleKeepalived_healthcheckers[1940]:TimeoutreadingdatatoremoteSMTPserver[192.168.200.1]:25. Aug1315:34:18exampledhclient[1239]:boundto192.168.189.131--renewalin778seconds. 从日志可知，Keepalived监控模块检测到192.168.189.132这台主机恢复正常后，又将此节点加入到集群系统中。 此时再次访问http://192.168.189.200这个地址，然后不断刷新此页面，应该又能分别看到“web01_192.168.189.132”和 “web01_192.168.189.133”页面了，这说明在web1节点恢复正常后，Keepalived监控模块将此节点加入到集群系统中。
2016-08-13

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