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系出名门Android(4) - 活动(Activity), 服务(Service), 广播(Broadcast), 广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver)
作者:
webabcd
介绍
在 Android 中使用 Activity, Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver
- 活动(Activity) - 用于表现功能
- 服务(Service) - 相当于后台运行的 Activity
- 广播(Broadcast) - 用于发送广播
- 广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver) - 用于接收广播
- Intent - 用于连接以上各个组件,并在其间传递消息
1、演示 Activity 的基本用法,一个 Activity 启动另一个 Activity,启动另一个 Activity 时为其传递参数,被启动的 Activity 返回参数给启动者的 Activity
Main.java
package com.webabcd.activity;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public
class Main
extends Activity {
TextView txt;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public
void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this.setContentView(R.layout.main);
txt = (TextView)
this.findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText(
"Activity 1");
Button btn = (Button)
this.findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText(
"启动另一个Activity");
btn.setOnClickListener(
new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void onClick(View v) {
// 实例化 Intent,指定需要启动的 Activity
Intent intent =
new Intent();
intent.setClass(Main.
this, MyActivity.
class);
// 实例化 Bundle,设置需要传递的参数
Bundle bundle =
new Bundle();
bundle.putString(
"name",
"webabcd");
bundle.putDouble(
"salary", 100.13);
// 将需要传递的参数赋值给 Intent 对象
intent.putExtras(bundle);
// startActivity(intent); // 启动指定的 Intent(不等待返回结果)
// Main.this.finish();
// 启动指定的 Intent,并等待返回结果
// 其中第二个参数如果大于等于零,则返回结果时会回调 onActivityResult() 方法
startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
}
});
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onCreate");
}
// 被启动的 Activity 返回结果时的回调函数
@Override
protected
void onActivityResult(
int requestCode,
int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK){
Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();
String name = bundle.getString(
"name");
double salary = bundle.getDouble(
"salary");
txt.setText(
"Activity 1" +
"\n名字:" + name +
"\n薪水:" + String.valueOf(salary));
}
}
@Override
protected
void onStart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onStart();
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onStart");
}
@Override
protected
void onStop() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onStop();
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onStop");
}
@Override
protected
void onRestart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onRestart();
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onRestart");
}
@Override
protected
void onPause() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onPause();
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onPause");
}
@Override
protected
void onResume() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onResume();
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onResume");
}
@Override
protected
void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onDestroy");
}
}
MyActivity.java
package com.webabcd.activity;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
// 被另一个 Activity 所启动的 Activity
public
class MyActivity
extends Activity {
Intent intent;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public
void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this.setContentView(R.layout.main2);
// 获取启动者传递过来的参数
intent =
this.getIntent();
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
String name = bundle.getString(
"name");
double salary = bundle.getDouble(
"salary");
TextView txt = (TextView)
this.findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText(
"Activity 2" +
"\n名字:" + name +
"\n薪水:" + String.valueOf(salary));
Button btn = (Button)
this.findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText(
"返回前一个Activity");
btn.setOnClickListener(
new Button.OnClickListener() {
public
void onClick(View v) {
// 返回参数给启动者
MyActivity.
this.setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
MyActivity.
this.finish();
}
});
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<?
xml
version
="1.0"
encoding
="utf-8"
?>
<
manifest
xmlns:android
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package
="com.webabcd.activity"
android:versionCode
="1"
android:versionName
="1.0"
>
<
application
android:icon
="@drawable/icon"
android:label
="@string/app_name"
>
<
activity
android:name
=".Main"
android:label
="@string/app_name"
>
<
intent-filter
>
<
action
android:name
="android.intent.action.MAIN"
/>
<
category
android:name
="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"
/>
</
intent-filter
>
</
activity
>
<!--
如果有需要用到的 Activity ,则都要在这里做相应的配置
-->
<
activity
android:name
=".MyActivity"
android:label
="Activity 2"
/>
</
application
>
<
uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion
="3"
/>
</
manifest
>
2、Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver 的演示
Main.java
package com.webabcd.service;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
/*
* startService() 和 bindService() 的区别
* startService() - 正常理解就好
* bindService() - 使当前上下文对象(本例中就是 Activity)通过一个 ServiceConnection 对象邦定到指定的 Service 。这样,如果上下文对象销毁了的话,那么其对应的 Service 也会被销毁
*/
public
class Main
extends Activity
implements OnClickListener {
private TextView txtMsg;
@Override
public
void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
setTitle(
"android 之 service");
this.findViewById(R.id.btnStart).setOnClickListener(
this);
this.findViewById(R.id.btnStop).setOnClickListener(
this);
this.findViewById(R.id.btnBind).setOnClickListener(
this);
this.findViewById(R.id.btnUnbind).setOnClickListener(
this);
txtMsg = (TextView)
this.findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);
// 实例化自定义的 BroadcastReceiver
receiver =
new UpdateReceiver();
IntentFilter filter =
new IntentFilter();
// 为 BroadcastReceiver 指定 action ,使之用于接收同 action 的广播
filter.addAction(
"com.webabcd.service.msg");
// 以编程方式注册 BroadcastReceiver 。配置方式注册 BroadcastReceiver 的例子见 AndroidManifest.xml 文件
// 一般在 OnStart 时注册,在 OnStop 时取消注册
this.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
// this.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
}
@Override
public
void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent =
new Intent(Main.
this, MyService.
class);
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnStart:
this.startService(intent);
break;
case R.id.btnStop:
this.stopService(intent);
break;
case R.id.btnBind:
this.bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
break;
case R.id.btnUnbind:
this.unbindService(conn);
break;
}
}
// bindService() 所需的 ServiceConnection 对象
private ServiceConnection conn =
new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public
void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
}
@Override
public
void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
}
};
private String msg="";
private UpdateReceiver receiver;
// 实现一个 BroadcastReceiver,用于接收指定的 Broadcast
public
class UpdateReceiver
extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public
void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
msg = intent.getStringExtra(
"msg");
txtMsg.append(msg +
"\n");
}
}
}
MyService.java
package com.webabcd.service;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
// 演示 Service 的生命周期。具体信息运行程序后在 LogCat 中查看
public
class MyService
extends Service {
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onBind");
sendMsg(
"onBind");
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return
null;
}
@Override
public
void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onCreate");
sendMsg(
"onCreate");
}
@Override
public
void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onDestroy");
sendMsg(
"onDestroy");
}
@Override
public
void onRebind(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onRebind(intent);
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onRebind");
sendMsg(
"onRebind");
}
@Override
public
void onStart(Intent intent,
int startId) {
super.onStart(intent, startId);
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onStart");
sendMsg(
"onStart");
}
@Override
public
boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onUnbind");
sendMsg(
"onUnbind");
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return
super.onUnbind(intent);
}
// 发送广播信息
private
void sendMsg(String msg){
// 指定广播目标的 action (注:指定了此 action 的 receiver 会接收此广播)
Intent intent =
new Intent(
"com.webabcd.service.msg");
// 需要传递的参数
intent.putExtra(
"msg", msg);
// 发送广播
this.sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}
MyBootReceiver.java
package com.webabcd.service;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
public
class MyBootReceiver
extends BroadcastReceiver {
// 用于接收满足条件的 Broadcast(相应的 Broadcast 的注册信息详见 AndroidManifest.xml ,当系统启动完毕后会调用这个广播接收器)
@Override
public
void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent arg1) {
Log.d(
"MyDebug",
"onReceive");
// 启动服务
Intent service =
new Intent(arg0, MyService.
class);
arg0.startService(service);
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<?
xml
version
="1.0"
encoding
="utf-8"
?>
<
manifest
xmlns:android
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package
="com.webabcd.service"
android:versionCode
="1"
android:versionName
="1.0"
>
<
application
android:icon
="@drawable/icon"
android:label
="@string/app_name"
>
<
activity
android:name
=".Main"
android:label
="@string/app_name"
>
<
intent-filter
>
<
action
android:name
="android.intent.action.MAIN"
/>
<
category
android:name
="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"
/>
</
intent-filter
>
</
activity
>
<!--
如果有需要用到的 service ,则都要在这里做相应的配置
-->
<
service
android:name
=".MyService"
>
</
service
>
<!--
注册一个 BroadcastReceiver
其 intent-filter 为 android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED(用于接收系统启动完毕的 Broadcast)
-->
<
receiver
android:name
=".MyBootReceiver"
>
<
intent-filter
>
<
action
android:name
="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"
/>
</
intent-filter
>
</
receiver
>
</
application
>
<!--
接受系统启动完毕的 Broadcast 的权限
-->
<
uses-permission
android:name
="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"
/>
<
uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion
="3"
/>
</
manifest
>
本文转自webabcd 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/webabcd/342046
,如需转载请自行联系原作者