Windows上搭建Standalone模式的Spark环境

Java

安装Java8，设置JAVA_HOME，并添加 %JAVA_HOME%\bin 到环境变量PATH中

E:\java -version java version "1.8.0_60" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_60-b27) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.60-b23, mixed mode)

Scala

下载解压Scala 2.11，设置SCALA_HOME，并添加 %SCALA_HOME%\bin 到PATH中

E:\ scala -verion Scala code runner version 2.11.7 -- Copyright 2002-2013, LAMP/EPFL

Spark

下载解压Spark 2.1, 设置SPARK_HOME，并添加 %SPARK_HOME%\bin 到PATH中，此时尝试在控制台运行spark-shell，出现如下错误提示无法定位winutils.exe。

E:\>spark-shell Using Spark's default log4j profile: org/apache/spark/log4j-defaults.properties Setting default log level to "WARN". To adjust logging level use sc.setLogLevel(newLevel). For SparkR, use setLogLevel(newLevel). 17/06/05 21:34:43 ERROR Shell: Failed to locate the winutils binary in the hadoop binary path java.io.IOException: Could not locate executable null\bin\winutils.exe in the Hadoop binaries. at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.getQualifiedBinPath(Shell.java:379) at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.getWinUtilsPath(Shell.java:394) at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.<clinit>(Shell.java:387) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf$ConfVars.findHadoopBinary(HiveConf.java:2327) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf$ConfVars.<clinit>(HiveConf.java:365) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.<clinit>(HiveConf.java:105) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:348) at org.apache.spark.util.Utils$.classForName(Utils.scala:229) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.hiveClassesArePresent(SparkSession.scala:991) at org.apache.spark.repl.Main$.createSparkSession(Main.scala:92) at $line3.$read $$ iw $$ iw.<init>(<console>:15) at $line3.$read $$ iw.<init>(<console>:42) at $line3.$read.<init>(<console>:44) at $line3.$read$.<init>(<console>:48) at $line3.$read$.<clinit>(<console>) at $line3.$eval$.$print$lzycompute(<console>:7) at $line3.$eval$.$print(<console>:6) at $line3.$eval.$print(<console>) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$ReadEvalPrint.call(IMain.scala:786) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$Request.loadAndRun(IMain.scala:1047) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$WrappedRequest $$ anonfun$loadAndRunReq$1.apply(IMain.scala:638) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$WrappedRequest $$ anonfun$loadAndRunReq$1.apply(IMain.scala:637) at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$class.asContext(ScalaClassLoader.scala:31) at scala.reflect.internal.util.AbstractFileClassLoader.asContext(AbstractFileClassLoader.scala:19) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$WrappedRequest.loadAndRunReq(IMain.scala:637) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.interpret(IMain.scala:569) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.interpret(IMain.scala:565) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.interpretStartingWith(ILoop.scala:807) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.command(ILoop.scala:681) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.processLine(ILoop.scala:395) at org.apache.spark.repl.SparkILoop $$ anonfun$initializeSpark$1.apply$mcV$sp(SparkILoop.scala:38) at org.apache.spark.repl.SparkILoop $$ anonfun$initializeSpark$1.apply(SparkILoop.scala:37) at org.apache.spark.repl.SparkILoop $$ anonfun$initializeSpark$1.apply(SparkILoop.scala:37) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.beQuietDuring(IMain.scala:214) at org.apache.spark.repl.SparkILoop.initializeSpark(SparkILoop.scala:37) at org.apache.spark.repl.SparkILoop.loadFiles(SparkILoop.scala:105) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop $$ anonfun$process$1.apply$mcZ$sp(ILoop.scala:920) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop $$ anonfun$process$1.apply(ILoop.scala:909) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop $$ anonfun$process$1.apply(ILoop.scala:909) at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$.savingContextLoader(ScalaClassLoader.scala:97) at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.process(ILoop.scala:909) at org.apache.spark.repl.Main$.doMain(Main.scala:69) at org.apache.spark.repl.Main$.main(Main.scala:52) at org.apache.spark.repl.Main.main(Main.scala) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) at org.apache.spark.deploy.SparkSubmit$.org$apache$spark$deploy$SparkSubmit $$ runMain(SparkSubmit.scala:743) at org.apache.spark.deploy.SparkSubmit$.doRunMain$1(SparkSubmit.scala:187) at org.apache.spark.deploy.SparkSubmit$.submit(SparkSubmit.scala:212) at org.apache.spark.deploy.SparkSubmit$.main(SparkSubmit.scala:126) at org.apache.spark.deploy.SparkSubmit.main(SparkSubmit.scala)

从错误消息中可以看出Spark需要用到Hadoop中的一些类库(通过HADOOP_HOME环境变量，因为我们之前并未设置过，所以文件路径null\bin\winutils.exe里面出现了null)，但这并不意味这我们一定要安装Hadoop，我们可以直接下载所需要的winutils.exe到磁盘上的任何位置，比如C:\winutils\bin\winutils.exe，同时设置 HADOOP_HOME=C:winutils 。

现在我们再次运行spark-shell，又有一个新的错误：

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionState': at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession $$ reflect(SparkSession.scala:981) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState$lzycompute(SparkSession.scala:110) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState(SparkSession.scala:109) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$Builder $$ anonfun$getOrCreate$5.apply(SparkSession.scala:878) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$Builder $$ anonfun$getOrCreate$5.apply(SparkSession.scala:878) at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap $$ anonfun$foreach$1.apply(HashMap.scala:99) at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap $$ anonfun$foreach$1.apply(HashMap.scala:99) at scala.collection.mutable.HashTable$class.foreachEntry(HashTable.scala:230) at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap.foreachEntry(HashMap.scala:40) at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap.foreach(HashMap.scala:99) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$Builder.getOrCreate(SparkSession.scala:878) at org.apache.spark.repl.Main$.createSparkSession(Main.scala:96) ... 47 elided Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog': at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession $$ reflect(SparkSession.scala:978) ... 58 more Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog': at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState$.org$apache$spark$sql$internal$SharedState $$ reflect(SharedState.scala:169) at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.<init>(SharedState.scala:86) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession $$ anonfun$sharedState$1.apply(SparkSession.scala:101) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession $$ anonfun$sharedState$1.apply(SparkSession.scala:101) at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sharedState$lzycompute(SparkSession.scala:101) at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sharedState(SparkSession.scala:100) at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SessionState.<init>(SessionState.scala:157) at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionState.<init>(HiveSessionState.scala:32) ... 63 more Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: --------- at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422) at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState$.org$apache$spark$sql$internal$SharedState $$ reflect(SharedState.scala:166) ... 71 more Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: --------- at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422) at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.IsolatedClientLoader.createClient(IsolatedClientLoader.scala:264) at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:358) at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:262) at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.<init>(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:66) ... 76 more Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: --------- at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522) at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.HiveClientImpl.<init>(HiveClientImpl.scala:188) ... 84 more Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: --------- at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createRootHDFSDir(SessionState.java:612) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:554) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:508) ... 85 more <console>:14: error: not found: value spark import spark.implicits._ ^ <console>:14: error: not found: value spark import spark.sql ^ Welcome to ____ __ / __/__ ___ _____/ /__ _\ \/ _ \/ _ `/ __/ '_/ /___/ .__/\_,_/_/ /_/\_\ version 2.1.1 /_/ Using Scala version 2.11.8 (Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, Java 1.8.0_60) Type in expressions to have them evaluated. Type :help for more information. scala> 

错误消息中提示零时目录 /tmp/hive 没有写的权限：

The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: ---------

所以我们需要更新E:/tmp/hive的权限(我在E盘下运行的spark-shell命令，如果在其他盘运行，就改成对应的盘符+/tmp/hive)。运行如下命令：

E:\>C:\winutils\bin\winutils.exe chmod 777 E:\tmp\hive

再次运行spark-shell，spark启动成功。此时可以通过 http://localhost:4040 来访问Spark UI