166.2. 镜像-低调大师

166.2. 镜像

2017-12-21 799

166.2.1. 搜索镜像

$ sudo docker search centos |more
NAME                                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
centos                                          The official build of CentOS.                   542       [OK]       
tianon/centos                                   CentOS 5 and 6, created using rinse instea...   28                   
ansible/centos7-ansible                         Ansible on Centos7                              13                   [OK]
saltstack/centos-6-minimal                                                                      7                    [OK]
blalor/centos                                   Bare-bones base CentOS 6.5 image                7                    [OK]
steeef/graphite-centos                          CentOS 6.x with Graphite and Carbon via ng...   6                    [OK]
ariya/centos6-teamcity-server                   TeamCity Server 8.1 on CentOS 6                 6                    [OK]
tutum/centos                                    Centos image with SSH access. For the root...   5                    [OK]
tutum/centos-6.4                                DEPRECATED. Use tutum/centos:6.4 instead. ...   5                    [OK]

166.2.2. 获取镜像

可以使用 docker pull 命令来从官网仓库获取所需要的镜像。

$ sudo docker pull ubuntu:14.04

等同于

$ sudo docker pull registry.hub.docker.com/ubuntu:14.04

获得所有版本镜像

$ sudo docker pull ubuntu	

$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu              utopic              277eb4304907        3 days ago          215.6 MB
ubuntu              14.10               277eb4304907        3 days ago          215.6 MB
ubuntu              14.04               5506de2b643b        3 days ago          197.8 MB
ubuntu              trusty              5506de2b643b        3 days ago          197.8 MB
ubuntu              latest              5506de2b643b        3 days ago          197.8 MB
ubuntu              14.04.1             5506de2b643b        3 days ago          197.8 MB
ubuntu              precise             0b310e6bf058        3 days ago          116.1 MB
ubuntu              12.04.5             0b310e6bf058        3 days ago          116.1 MB
ubuntu              12.04               0b310e6bf058        3 days ago          116.1 MB
ubuntu              12.10               c5881f11ded9        4 months ago        172.1 MB
ubuntu              quantal             c5881f11ded9        4 months ago        172.1 MB
ubuntu              13.04               463ff6be4238        4 months ago        169.4 MB
ubuntu              raring              463ff6be4238        4 months ago        169.4 MB
ubuntu              13.10               195eb90b5349        4 months ago        184.6 MB
ubuntu              saucy               195eb90b5349        4 months ago        184.6 MB
ubuntu              10.04               3db9c44f4520        6 months ago        183 MB
ubuntu              lucid               3db9c44f4520        6 months ago        183 MB

从其他服务器获得镜像

$ sudo docker pull dl.dockerpool.com:5000/ubuntu:12.04

完成后，即可随时使用该镜像了，例如创建一个容器，让其中运行 bash 应用。

$ sudo docker run -t -i ubuntu:14.10 /bin/bash

166.2.3. 列出本地镜像

$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu              14.10               277eb4304907        3 days ago          215.6 MB
ubuntu              latest              5506de2b643b        3 days ago          197.8 MB

166.2.4. 保存和载入镜像

保存镜像

$sudo docker save -o ubuntu_14.10.tar ubuntu:14.10

载入镜像

			
$ sudo docker load --input ubuntu_14.10.tar
或
$ sudo docker load < ubuntu_14.10.tar

166.2.5. 删除本地镜像

$ sudo docker rmi ubuntu:12.04
Untagged: ubuntu:12.04

166.2.6. 基于 Dockerfile 创建镜像

	
$ docker build -f /path/to/a/Dockerfile .

为什么要自己创建镜像呢？因为官方提供的镜像无法满足我们的需求，例如 nginx 镜像你会发现 ps, top 等等很多命令缺失。

166.2.6.1. 创建 Dockerfile 文件

需求基于centos7镜像创建nginx stable最新版本镜像

		
############################################################
# Dockerfile to build Nginx container
# Based on centos7
############################################################

FROM centos:latest

MAINTAINER Netkiller <netkiller@msn.com>

# Install EPEL
RUN yum install -y epel-release && yum clean all

# Update RPM Packages
RUN yum -y update

# Install Nginx
RUN rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
RUN yum install -y nginx
RUN yum clean all

# forward request and error logs to docker log collector
RUN ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log
RUN ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log

# be backwards compatible with pre-official images
#RUN ln -sf ../share/nginx /usr/local/nginx

# prepare container

# add startup script
#ADD startup.sh /startup.sh
#RUN chmod 755 /startup.sh

VOLUME ["/etc/nginx"]
VOLUME ["/usr/share/nginx/html"]
VOLUME ["/var/www"]

EXPOSE 80 443

CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

166.2.6.2. 创建镜像

		
		# docker build -t "centos:nginx" .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072 kB
Step 1/14 : FROM centos:latest
 ---> 3bee3060bfc8
Step 2/14 : MAINTAINER Netkiller <netkiller@msn.com>
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 8f351964d568
Step 3/14 : RUN yum install -y epel-release && yum clean all
 ---> Using cache
 ---> bf86eff77ff3
Step 4/14 : RUN yum -y update
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 4915172ac4f3
Step 5/14 : RUN rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 4a919bd141c9
Step 6/14 : RUN yum install -y nginx
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 2718221eab8c
Step 7/14 : RUN yum clean all
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 62231a5f1d76
Step 8/14 : RUN ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 38be8f0cc782
Step 9/14 : RUN ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log
 ---> Using cache
 ---> bbf3a468d24f
Step 10/14 : VOLUME /etc/nginx
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 919292c7ce04
Step 11/14 : VOLUME /usr/share/nginx/html
 ---> Using cache
 ---> c2aeb8ed3c1c
Step 12/14 : VOLUME /var/www
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 31849cb8a9d0
Step 13/14 : EXPOSE 80 443
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 0e3d3b4a215b
Step 14/14 : CMD nginx -g daemon off;
 ---> Using cache
 ---> d5f21e409690
Successfully built d5f21e409690

查看镜像

		
# docker image ls                 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos              nginx               d5f21e409690        4 minutes ago       364 MB
centos              latest              3bee3060bfc8        2 days ago          193 MB
nginx               latest              958a7ae9e569        8 days ago          109 MB
redis               latest              a858478874d1        2 weeks ago         184 MB

166.2.6.3. 运行镜像

		
# docker run --name my-centos-nginx -d centos:nginx
ecf342ddd66d1d5f3d28c583ec852c05903ef4813fcb75295c907a6b578dea3d

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
ecf342ddd66d        centos:nginx        "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   23 seconds ago      Up 23 seconds       80/tcp, 443/tcp          my-centos-nginx
0df3b275bb03        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   6 hours ago         Up 6 hours          80/tcp                   my-nginx
1c4540d8617f        redis               "docker-entrypoint..."   2 days ago          Up 2 days           0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp   my-redis

166.2.6.4. 测试 Nginx

		
[root@netkiller]~/docker/nginx# docker exec -it my-centos-nginx /bin/bash

[root@netkiller-docker /]# ps ax
  PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
    1 ?        Ss     0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
    7 ?        S      0:00 nginx: worker process
    8 ?        Ss     0:00 /bin/bash
   22 ?        R+     0:00 ps ax

[root@netkiller-docker /]# curl http://localhost
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

166.2.6.5. 提交镜像

		
# docker commit my-centos-nginx netkiller/centos:nginx
sha256:9ea1851b1c9f04aa3168977f666337223d09e20983f7a2c2328e15132a03d224

		
# docker push netkiller/centos:nginx
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/netkiller/centos]
16916856eaaa: Pushed 
6172d61b45f1: Pushed 
db323af550f0: Pushed 
232df2cfd38f: Pushed 
c247a550215b: Pushed 
3b5451d7989c: Pushed 
e3a6f1af6a7a: Pushed 
9e3cea652b37: Pushed 
dc1e2dcdc7b6: Mounted from library/centos 
nginx: digest: sha256:ad9bd1ae3a3e17dac70f32afc14baf90932949d3eaa8bebbe907726aca3ea336 size: 2205

原文出处：Netkiller 系列手札
本文作者：陈景峯
转载请与作者联系，同时请务必标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本声明。

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原文链接：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/308922

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第 166 章 Docker

166.1.Installation 166.1.1.CentOS 6 yum install docker-io service docker start chkconfig docker on docker pull centos:latest docker images centos test docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash 166.1.2.CentOS 7 docker-ce 从官方网站获得最新社区版 yum install -y yum-utils yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo yum makecache fast yum -y install docker-ce systemctl start docker 测试安装是否成功 docker run hello-world 166.1.3.Ubuntu Ubuntu 默认版本 $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install d...

2017-12-21

702

166.3.1.启动与终止容器 $ sudo docker run ubuntu:14.10 /bin/echo 'Hello world' Hello world 进入BASH $ sudo docker run -t -i ubuntu:14.10 /bin/bash root@f8c7b2afff14:/# start / stop / restart sudo docker start silly_bohr silly_bohr $ sudo docker stop silly_bohr silly_bohr $ sudo docker restart silly_bohr silly_bohr 守护进程运行 $ sudo docker run -d ubuntu:14.10 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done" 4cdbb75eeabf3f1ea87bec91accdf5211639d0895e94ab94ffa1d55fb7f62e2a 通过 docker ps 命令来查看容器信息 $ sud...

2017-12-21

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