在Windwos上使用命令窗口操作MySQL数据库时，如果命令窗口的字符编码与数据库不一致时，就会出现中文乱码的情况
比如查询会出现中文乱码，或者插入数据会出现错误“ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xD5\xC5\xC8\xFD' for column 'name' at row 1”
mysql> insert into user(name,gender,age) values('张三','男',22);
ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xD5\xC5\xC8\xFD' for column 'name' at row 1
mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+
| id | name | gender | age | updated_time |
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+
| 1 | zhangsan | M | 22 | 2018-10-31 17:03:25 |
| 2 | 寮犱笁 | 鐢? | 22 | 2018-11-01 09:01:43 |
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这时可以先查看下环境编码配置，我的是utf8，结果是下面这样
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看windwos命令窗口的的属性可知，编码格式为GBK且不能更改
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这时我们可以使用“set names gbk;”来指定客户端发送给mysql语句时的编码格式，并且可以看到client、connection、results三个变量的编码格式变为了gbk，其它的没有变化
mysql> set names gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
再次执行下插入操作没问题了，查询数据中文也不会乱码了
mysql> insert into user(name,gender,age) values('张三','男',22);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+
| id | name | gender | age | updated_time |
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+
| 1 | zhangsan | M | 22 | 2018-10-31 17:03:25 |
| 2 | 张三 | 男 | 22 | 2018-11-01 09:01:43 |
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
