CentOS6 mininial 安装KVM 详细教程

初始化设置

## 关闭防火墙和SELINUX

/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop
/etc/rc.d/init.d/ip6tables stop
chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig ip6tables off

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

## 关闭不必要的服务

/etc/rc.d/init.d/netfs stop
chkconfig netfs off

## 更新系统

yum -y install yum-plugin-fastestmirror
yum -y update

## 添加EPEL源

rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm

## 定时任务设置

yum -y install cronie-noanacron
# yum remove cronie-anacron -y

## 配置vim

yum -y install vim-enhanced lrzsz
#echo " alias vi='vim' " >>  /etc/profile
echo "alias vi='vim' " >> ~/.bashrc
#source /etc/profile
source ~/.bashrc

## 添加用户

useradd yunwei
echo anwg123. | passwd --stdin yunwei

安装依赖包

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm libvirt python-virtinst bridge-utils
[root@kvm-1 ~]# lsmod | grep kvm
kvm_intel              54285  0
kvm                   333172  1 kvm_intel
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/libvirtd start
Starting libvirtd daemon: [ OK ]
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/messagebus start
Starting system message bus: [ OK ]
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# chkconfig libvirtd on
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# chkconfig messagebus on

配置桥接网络

# 网桥网卡配置
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
HWADDR=14:18:77:40:29:D3
TYPE=Bridge
UUID=9e8e7f89-cfe9-40c6-b547-a08ee6da0864
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.1.125
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
# em1网卡配置
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em1
# create new
DEVICE=em1
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart

• 查看网桥配置状态

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# ifconfig
br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 14:18:77:40:29:D3  
          inet addr:192.168.1.125  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::1618:77ff:fe40:29d3/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:52655 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:20216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:49670413 (47.3 MiB)  TX bytes:1665453 (1.5 MiB)

em1       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 14:18:77:40:29:D3  
          inet6 addr: fe80::1618:77ff:fe40:29d3/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:302969 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:96324 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:427674107 (407.8 MiB)  TX bytes:7173701 (6.8 MiB)
          Interrupt:41 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:608 (608.0 b)  TX bytes:608 (608.0 b)

virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:68:65:A2  
          inet addr:192.168.122.1  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

vnet0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr FE:54:00:08:94:EC  
          inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe08:94ec/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:19 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:3443 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 
          RX bytes:1243 (1.2 KiB)  TX bytes:381667 (372.7 KiB)

创建虚拟机kvm-1

# 创建挂载卷
lvcreate -n kvm-1 -L 20G vg_shkvm1
# 安装虚拟机
virt-install \
--name kvm-1 \
--ram 2048 \
--disk path=/dev/vg_shkvm1/kvm-1 \
--vcpus 2 \
--os-type linux \
--os-variant rhel6 \
--network bridge=br0 \
--graphics none \
--console pty,target_type=serial \
--location 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.9/os/x86_64/' \
--extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial'

图形安装教程

• 选择安装语言

• 设置网络配置，使用静态IP

配置静态ip，忘记截图，按照上面网桥ip，设置相同局域网ip即可

• 静态ip配置成功，如下图会加载安装镜像：

• 选择使用文本方式安装，即命令行模式

• Re-initialize all 初始化磁盘

这里选择初始化全部硬盘，还有一种情况是如果在重装虚拟机的时候，当前lvm卷上面已经存在系统，可以选择替换当前系统的方式安装，这样会保留原来lvm卷上系统的完整信息。

• 选择时区，上海

• 设置root密码

• 安装系统安装位置

• 初始化磁盘

• 开始安装系统包文件

等待系统安装包安装完成，重启系统。

• 参考虚拟机kvm-1的安装，安装kvm-2

安装过程中报错解决

配置桥接时报错：can't create bridge with the same name，#本次安装故障原因是br0网卡配置是name没有改，导致重启时重启创建em1报错

# 使用brctl 解决
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# brctl
Usage: brctl [commands]
commands:
    addbr         <bridge>        add bridge
    delbr         <bridge>        delete bridge
    addif         <bridge> <device>    add interface to bridge
    delif         <bridge> <device>    delete interface from bridge
    setageing     <bridge> <time>        set ageing time
    setbridgeprio    <bridge> <prio>        set bridge priority
    setfd         <bridge> <time>        set bridge forward delay
    sethello      <bridge> <time>        set hello time
    setmaxage     <bridge> <time>        set max message age
    sethashel     <bridge> <int>        set hash elasticity
    sethashmax    <bridge> <int>        set hash max
    setmclmc      <bridge> <int>        set multicast last member count
    setmcrouter    <bridge> <int>        set multicast router
    setmcsnoop    <bridge> <int>        set multicast snooping
    setmcsqc      <bridge> <int>        set multicast startup query count
    setmclmi      <bridge> <time>        set multicast last member interval
    setmcmi       <bridge> <time>        set multicast membership interval
    setmcqpi      <bridge> <time>        set multicast querier interval
    setmcqi       <bridge> <time>        set multicast query interval
    setmcqri      <bridge> <time>        set multicast query response interval
    setmcqri      <bridge> <time>        set multicast startup query interval
    setpathcost    <bridge> <port> <cost>    set path cost
    setportprio    <bridge> <port> <prio>    set port priority
    setportmcrouter    <bridge> <port> <int>    set port multicast router
    show          [ <bridge> ]        show a list of bridges
    showmacs      <bridge>        show a list of mac addrs
    showstp       <bridge>        show bridge stp info
    stp           <bridge> {on|off}    turn stp on/off
# 查看当前网桥配置
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br0        8000.1418774029d3    no        em1
                            vnet0
virbr0        8000.5254006865a2    yes        virbr0-nic
# 删除刚刚重启网络时创建的网桥
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# brctl delbr br0
# 修改正确的网桥br0配置，然后重启网络成功，因此配置网桥的时候特别注意

参考教程

• https://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=CentOS_6&p=kvm&f=2