第 2 章 Apache Tomcat-低调大师

第 2 章 Apache Tomcat

2017-12-31 874

2.1. Tomcat 安装与配置

2.1.1. Tomcat 6

2.1.1.1. tomcat-native
2.1.1.2. 启动脚本

2.1.2. Tomcat 7

2.1.2.1. Server JRE
2.1.2.2. Tomcat

2.1.3. Java 8 + Tomcat 8

2.1.3.1. systemctl 启动脚本

2.1.3.2. Session 共享

2.1.3.2.1. test session

2.1.4. 防火墙配置

2.1.5. 同时运行多实例

2.1.6. Testing file

2.1.7. mod_jk

2.1.8. mod_proxy_ajp

2.1.9. RewriteEngine 连接 Tomcat

2.1.10. SSL 双向认证

2.2. 配置 Tomcat 服务器

2.2.1. server.xml

2.2.1.1. Connector

2.2.1.1.1. HTTPS
2.2.1.1.2. compression
2.2.1.1.3. useBodyEncodingForURI
2.2.1.1.4. 隐藏Tomcat版本信息

2.2.1.2. Context

2.2.1.2.1. 应用程序安全
2.2.1.2.2. JSESSIONID

2.2.2. tomcat-users.xml

2.2.3. context.xml

2.2.3.1. Resources
2.2.3.2. session cookie

2.2.4. logging.properties

2.2.5. catalina.properties

2.3. 虚拟主机配置

2.3.1. 方案一
2.3.2. 方案二
2.3.3. Alias 别名
2.3.4. access_log
2.3.5. Context 配置
2.3.6. 主机绑定IP地址

2.4. SSI

2.5. Logging 日志

2.5.1. 开启 debug 模式
2.5.2. 切割 catalina.out 日志

2.6. Init.d Script

2.6.1. Script 1
2.6.2. Shell Script 2

2.1. Tomcat 安装与配置

2.1.1. Tomcat 6

解压安装

chmod +x jdk-6u1-linux-i586.bin
./jdk-6u1-linux-i586.bin
输入"yes"回车

mv jdk1.6.0_01 /usr/local/
ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_01/ /usr/local/java

/etc/profile.d/java.sh

例 2.1. /etc/profile.d/java.sh

################################################
### Java environment
################################################
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jre
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/java/bin:/usr/local/java/jre/bin
export CLASSPATH="./:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib:/usr/local/memcached/api/java"
export JAVA_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx1024m"

下载binary解压到/usr/local/

下载软件包

wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.13/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.13.tar.gz
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/native/tomcat-native-1.1.10-src.tar.gz
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/source/jk-1.2.23/tomcat-connectors-1.2.23-src.tar.gz

tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.13.tar.gz
mv apache-tomcat-6.0.13 /usr/local/
ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.13/ /usr/local/tomcat

tomcat-native

tar zxvf tomcat-native-1.1.10-src.tar.gz
cd tomcat-native-1.1.10-src/jni/native
./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apache/bin/apr-1-config --with-java-home=/usr/local/java/
make
make install

catalina.sh

CATALINA_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=/usr/local/apr/lib"
JAVA_OPTS="-Xss128k -Xms128m -Xmx1024m -XX:PermSize=128M -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:MaxNewSize=256m"

启动

startup.sh

2.1.1.1. tomcat-native

			
cd /usr/local/tomcat-6.0.18/bin
tar zxvf tomcat-native.tar.gz
cd tomcat-native-1.1.14-src/jni/native
./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-java-home=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_11
make && make install

2.1.1.2. 启动脚本

例 2.2. /etc/init.d/tomcat

				
# cat /etc/init.d/tomcat
#!/bin/bash
# description: Tomcat Start Stop Restart
# processname: tomcat
# chkconfig: 234 20 80

JAVA_HOME=/srv/java
CATALINA_HOME=/srv/apache-tomcat

# Source function library.
. /etc/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/tomcat ]; then
        . /etc/sysconfig/tomcat
fi

prog=tomcat
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/$prog.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/$prog}
RETVAL=0
OPTIONS="--pidfile=${pidfile}"

start(){
        # Start daemons.
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        #daemon $prog $OPTIONS
	$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
	RETVAL=$?
        echo
	[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
	return $RETVAL

}

stop() {
	echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
#	killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
	$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
	RETVAL=$?
	echo
	[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}

case $1 in
    start)
        start
        ;;
    stop)
        stop
        ;;
    restart)
        start
        stop
    ;;
esac
exit 0

创建 /etc/init.d/tomcat 文件，复制并粘贴上面的启动脚本

vim /etc/init.d/tomcat
chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat
chkconfig --add tomcat
chkconfig --level 234 tomcat on
chkconfig --list tomcat

2.1.2. Tomcat 7

2.1.2.1. Server JRE

安装 Server JRE

cd /usr/local/src/

tar zxvf server-jre-7u21-linux-x64.gz
mv jdk1.7.0_21 /srv/
ln -s /srv/jdk1.7.0_21 /srv/java

或者

curl -sS https://raw.github.com/netkiller/shell/master/java/server-jre.sh | bash

2.1.2.2. Tomcat

安装下面步骤安装Tomcat，注意不要使用root启动tomcat。这里使用www用户启动tomcat,这样的目的是让tomcat进程继承www用户权限。

			
cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.40/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.40.tar.gz
tar zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.40.tar.gz

mv apache-tomcat-7.0.40 /srv/
ln -s /srv/apache-tomcat-7.0.40 /srv/apache-tomcat
rm -rf /srv/apache-tomcat/webapps/*

cat > /srv/apache-tomcat/bin/setenv.sh <<'EOF'
export JAVA_HOME=/srv/java
export JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms512m -Xmx8192m  -XX:PermSize=64M -XX:MaxPermSize=512m"
export CATALINA_HOME=/srv/apache-tomcat
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/bin:
EOF

cp /srv/apache-tomcat/conf/server.xml{,.original}

groupadd -g 80 www
adduser -o --home /srv --uid 80 --gid 80 -c "Web Application" www

chown www:www -R /srv/*

su - www -c "/srv/apache-tomcat/bin/startup.sh"

或者运行下面脚本快速安装

curl -sS https://raw.github.com/netkiller/shell/master/apache/tomcat/install.sh | bash

2.1.3. Java 8 + Tomcat 8

安装Java 8

		
cd /usr/local/src/

tar zxf server-jre-8u20-linux-x64.gz 
mv jdk1.8.0_20 /srv/
ln -s /srv/jdk1.8.0_20 /srv/java

cat >> /etc/profile.d/java.sh <<'EOF'
export JAVA_HOME=/srv/java
export JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms512m -Xmx8192m"
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/bin:
EOF

	注意
	Java 8 取消了 PermSize 与 MaxPermSize 配置项"

		
cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.12/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.12.tar.gz
tar zxf apache-tomcat-8.0.12.tar.gz 

mv apache-tomcat-8.0.12 /srv/
ln -s /srv/apache-tomcat-8.0.12 /srv/apache-tomcat
rm -rf /srv/apache-tomcat/webapps/*
cp /srv/apache-tomcat/conf/server.xml{,.original}

cat > /srv/apache-tomcat/bin/setenv.sh <<'EOF'
export JAVA_HOME=/srv/java
export JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms512m -Xmx8192m"
export CATALINA_HOME=/srv/apache-tomcat
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:/srv/IngrianJCE/lib/ext/IngrianNAE-5.1.1.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/bin:
EOF

启动 Tomcat

groupadd -g 80 www
adduser -o --home /www --uid 80 --gid 80 -c "Web Application" www

chown www:www -R /srv/apache-tomcat-*

su - www -c "/srv/apache-tomcat/bin/startup.sh"

2.1.3.1. systemctl 启动脚本

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oscm/shell/master/web/tomcat/systemctl.sh | bash

2.1.3.2. Session 共享

$ git clone https://github.com/chexagon/redis-session-manager.git
$ cd redis-session-manager/
$ mvn package
$ ls target/redis-session-manager-with-dependencies-2.1.1-SNAPSHOT.jar 
redis-session-manager-with-dependencies-2.1.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

$ cp target/redis-session-manager-with-dependencies-2.1.1-SNAPSHOT.jar /srv/apache-tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.11/lib/

如果Redis是 127.0.0.1 配置 conf/context.xml 加入下面一行，

			
<Manager className="com.crimsonhexagon.rsm.redisson.SingleServerSessionManager" />

完整的配置

			
    <Manager className="com.crimsonhexagon.rsm.redisson.SingleServerSessionManager"
	    endpoint="localhost:6379"
	    sessionKeyPrefix="JSESSIONID::"
	    saveOnChange="false"
	    forceSaveAfterRequest="false"
	    dirtyOnMutation="false"
	    ignorePattern=".*\\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|jpeg|swf|css|js)$"
	    connectionPoolSize="100"
	    database="16"
	    password="yourpassword"
	    timeout="60000"
	    pingTimeout="1000"
	    retryAttempts="20"
	    retryInterval="1000"
    />

例 2.3. Example /srv/apache-tomcat/conf

				
cat context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- The contents of this file will be loaded for each web application -->
<Context>

    <!-- Default set of monitored resources. If one of these changes, the    -->
    <!-- web application will be reloaded.                                   -->
    <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource>
    <WatchedResource>${catalina.base}/conf/web.xml</WatchedResource>

    <!-- Uncomment this to disable session persistence across Tomcat restarts -->
    <!--
    <Manager pathname="" />
    -->
    <Manager className="com.crimsonhexagon.rsm.redisson.SingleServerSessionManager"
	    endpoint="localhost:6379"
	    sessionKeyPrefix="JSESSIONID"
	    saveOnChange="false"
	    forceSaveAfterRequest="false"
	    dirtyOnMutation="false"
	    ignorePattern=".*\\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|jpeg|swf|css|js)$"
	    connectionPoolSize="100"
	    database="0"
	    password=""
	    timeout="60000"
	    pingTimeout="1000"
	    retryAttempts="20"
	    retryInterval="1000"
    />
</Context>

2.1.3.2.1. test session

				
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<!DOCTYPE html>  
<html>  
<head>  
<title>set session</title>  
</head>  
<body>
  <%= session.getId() %>
  <%  
    session.setAttribute("neo", "netkiller");   
  %>  
</body>  
</html>

				
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<!DOCTYPE html>  
<html>  
<head>  
<title>get session</title>  
</head>  
<body>  
  <%= session.getId() %>  
  <br/>
  <br/>  
  <%=(String)session.getAttribute("neo")%>  
  
</body>  
</html>

2.1.4. 防火墙配置

iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT

80 跳转 8080 方案

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080

取消跳转

iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080

查看规则

iptables -t nat -L

例 2.4. tomcat firewall

下面是完整的例子，仅供参考，复制到 /etc/sysconfig/iptables 文件中，重启iptables即可生效。

# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Mon Jul 22 15:58:35 2013
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [7:847]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080
COMMIT
# Completed on Mon Jul 22 15:58:35 2013
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Mon Jul 22 15:58:35 2013
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [42303:3464247]
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
# Completed on Mon Jul 22 15:58:35 2013

2.1.5. 同时运行多实例

创建工作目录

mkdir /srv/apache-tomcat

每个端口一个目录

tar zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.x.tar.gz
mv  apache-tomcat-7.0.x /srv/apache-tomcat/8080

tar zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.x.tar.gz
mv  apache-tomcat-7.0.x /srv/apache-tomcat/9090

修改 Server port="8006" 与 Connector port="9090"端口，不要出现重复。

		

<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">


 <Connector port="9090" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />

<!--
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
-->

启动tomcat然后观察catalina.log日志文件，确认每个进程都正确启动。

2.1.6. Testing file

创建测试文件

vim webapps/ROOT/index.jsp

		
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=utf-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>helloworld!</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>
<%="It works!"%>
</h1>
<%
out.println("<h3>Hello World!</h3>");
%>
<hr />
<%=new java.util.Date()%>
</body>
</html>

使用curl命令测试，测试结果类似下面结果。

		
$ curl http://192.168.6.9/index.jsp

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>helloworld!</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>
It works!
</h1>
<h3>Hello World!</h3>

<hr />
Mon Jul 22 16:41:46 HKT 2013
</body>
</html>

2.1.7. mod_jk

mod_jk 安装

tar zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.23-src.tar.gz
cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.23-src/native/
./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
make
make install
chmod 755 /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_jk.so

httpd.conf 尾部加入

Include conf/mod_jk.conf

配置workers.properties

apache/conf/workers.properties

# Define 1 real worker using ajp13
worker.list=worker1
# Set properties for worker1 (ajp13)
worker.worker1.type=ajp13
worker.worker1.host=127.0.0.1
worker.worker1.port=8009
worker.worker1.lbfactor=1
worker.worker1.cachesize=128
worker.worker1.cache_timeout=600
worker.worker1.socket_keepalive=1
worker.worker1.reclycle_timeout=300

mod_jk.conf

apache/conf/mod_jk.conf

		
[chenjingfeng@d3010 Includes]$ cat mod_jk.conf
<IfModule mod_jk.c>
# Load mod_jk module
LoadModule jk_module            modules/mod_jk.so
# Where to find workers.properties
JkWorkersFile           /usr/local/apache/conf/workers.properties
# Where to put jk logs
JkLogFile               /usr/local/apache/logs/mod_jk.log
# Set the jk log level [debug/error/info]
JkLogLevel              error
# Select the log format
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "
# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,
JkOptions     +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format
JkRequestLogFormat     "%w %V %T"
JkShmFile     /usr/local/apache2/logs/mod_jk.shm
# Send jsp,servlet for context * to worker named worker1
JkMount  /status/* worker1
JkMount  /*.jsp worker1
JkMount  /*.jsps worker1
JkMount  /*.do worker1
JkMount  /*Servlet worker1
JkMount  /jk/* worker1
</IfModule>

分别测试apache,tomcat

2.1.8. mod_proxy_ajp

包含虚拟主机配置文件

# vi conf/httpd.conf

# Virtual hosts
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

虚拟主机中配置ProxyPass,ProxyPassReverse

# vi conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

		
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName netkiller.8800.org
    ProxyPass /images !
	ProxyPass /css !
	ProxyPass /js !
    ProxyPass /ajp ajp://localhost:8009/ajp
    ProxyPassReverse /ajp ajp://localhost:8009/ajp
</VirtualHost>

反向代理和均衡负载模块

		
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so

ProxyPass /admin balancer://tomcatcluster/admin lbmethod=byrequests stickysession=JSESSIONID nofailover=Off timeout=5 maxattempts=3
ProxyPassReverse /admin balancer://tomcatcluster/admin

<Proxy balancer://tomcatcluster>
	BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8009 route=web1
	BalancerMember ajp://localhost:10009 smax=10 route=web2
	BalancerMember ajp://localhost:11009 route=web3
	BalancerMember ajp://localhost:12009 smax=10 route=web4
</Proxy>

2.1.9. RewriteEngine 连接 Tomcat

		
RewriteEngine On

RewriteRule ^/(.*) ajp://localhost:8009/ajp/$1 [P]
RewriteRule ^/(.*\.(jsp|do|sevlet)) ajp://localhost:8009/ajp/$1 [P]

2.1.10. SSL 双向认证

首先我并不建议使用 tomcat 实现SSL双向验证，这个工作可以交给 Web 服务器完成。但有些场景可能需要，可以参考下面例子。

服务器端证书

keytool -genkey -v -alias serverKey -dname "CN=localhost" -keyalg RSA -keypass xxxxxx -keystore server.ks -storepass xxxxxx

客户端证书

keytool -genkey -v -alias clientKey -dname "CN=SomeOne" -keyalg RSA -keypass xxxxxx -keystore client.p12 -storepass xxxxxx -storetype PKCS12		
keytool -export -alias clientKey -file clientKey.cer -keystore client.p12 -storepass xxxxxx -storetype PKCS12

导入客户端证书

keytool -import -v -alias clientKey -file clientKey.cer -keystore server.ks -storepass xxxxxx

如果希望在 Windows 浏览器中访问，下导入证书方式，双击 client.p12 文件，安装提示导入

配置 Tomcat ，编辑 server.xml 文件

		
<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
maxThreads="1024" scheme="https" secure="true"
clientAuth="true" sslProtocol="TLS"
keystoreFile="server.ks" keystorePass="xxxxxx"
truststoreFile="server.ks " truststorePass="xxxxxx" />

原文出处：Netkiller 系列手札
本文作者：陈景峯
转载请与作者联系，同时请务必标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本声明。

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原文链接：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/327938

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1.3. nginx 配置文件

worker_processes = CPU 数量 user www; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; 1.3.1.http 配置自定义缓冲区相关设置 client_body_buffer_size 1K; client_header_buffer_size 1k; client_max_body_size 1k; large_client_header_buffers 2 1k; 超时相关设置 client_body_timeout 10; client_header_timeout 10; keepalive_timeout 65; send_timeout 10; 1.3.2.events events { worker_connections 4096; } 1.3.3.gzip gzip on; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_buffers 4 8k; gzip_types text/plain text/css ...

2018-01-01

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2.4. SSI

编辑 context.xml 文件，增加 privileged="true 属性 # vim /srv/apache-tomcat/conf/context.xml <Context privileged="true">  <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource>    <!-- ...

2018-01-01

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近一个月的开发和优化，本站点的第一个app全新上线。该app采用极致压缩，本体才4.36MB。系统里面做了大量数据访问、缓存优化。方便用户在手机上查看文章。后续会推出HarmonyOS的适配版本。

Mario

马里奥是站在游戏界顶峰的超人气多面角色。马里奥靠吃蘑菇成长，特征是大鼻子、头戴帽子、身穿背带裤，还留着胡子。与他的双胞胎兄弟路易基一起，长年担任任天堂的招牌角色。

Nacos

Nacos /nɑ:kəʊs/ 是 Dynamic Naming and Configuration Service 的首字母简称，一个易于构建 AI Agent 应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和AI智能体管理平台。Nacos 致力于帮助您发现、配置和管理微服务及AI智能体应用。Nacos 提供了一组简单易用的特性集，帮助您快速实现动态服务发现、服务配置、服务元数据、流量管理。Nacos 帮助您更敏捷和容易地构建、交付和管理微服务平台。

Rocky Linux

Rocky Linux（中文名：洛基）是由Gregory Kurtzer于2020年12月发起的企业级Linux发行版，作为CentOS稳定版停止维护后与RHEL（Red Hat Enterprise Linux）完全兼容的开源替代方案，由社区拥有并管理，支持x86_64、aarch64等架构。其通过重新编译RHEL源代码提供长期稳定性，采用模块化包装和SELinux安全架构，默认包含GNOME桌面环境及XFS文件系统，支持十年生命周期更新。