假设一个场景：
小明告诉小杨，一鹿有车APP上有一个很有创意的抽奖活动，小新想要参与这个活动
关于那些途径实现
提出的需求：
然后看看下面截图
提出的问题
什么是DeepLink
什么是Deferred DeepLink
相比DeepLink，它增加了判断APP是否被安装，用户匹配的2个功能；
什么是AppLink
DeepLink和AppLink不同点。下面这个总结很重要！
| 不同点 | DeepLink | AppLink |
|---|---|---|
| Intent scheme | 任意 | 要求http或https |
| Intent action | 任意Action | 要求配置andorid.intent.action.VIEW |
| Intent category | 任意Category | 要求配置android.intent.category.BROWSABLE和android.intent.category.DEFAULT |
| 链接认证 | 无需验证 | 要求进行Digital Asset Links文件验证 |
| 用户体验 | 可能展示一个多选项弹窗或确认弹窗，用户需要二次选择或确认 | 无弹窗，直接由App处理链接 |
| 兼容性 | 所有版本 | Android6.0及以上版本 |
DeepLink和AppLink用到的核心技术
2.被唤起方，客户端需要配置清单文件activity。关于SchemeActivity注意查看下面代码：
<!--用于DeepLink，html跳到此页面 scheme_Adr: 'yilu://link/?page=main',-->
<activity android:name=".activity.link.SchemeActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait">
<!--Android 接收外部跳转过滤器-->
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
<!-- 协议部分配置 ,要在web配置相同的-->
<!--yilu://link/?page=main-->
<data
android:host="link"
android:scheme="yilu" />
</intent-filter>
</activity> //解析数据
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savesInstanceState){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
Intent intent=getIntent();
String action=intent.getAction();
Uri data=intent.getData();
//解析data
String scheme=data.getScheme();
String host=data.getHost();
String path=data.getPath();
int port=data.getPort();
Set<String> paramKeySet=data.getQueryParameterNames();
//获取指定参数值
String page = uri.getQueryParameter("page");
switch (page) {
case "main":
//唤起客户端，进入首页
//https://yc.com?page=main
Intent intent1 = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
readGoActivity(intent1, this);
break;
case "full":
//唤起客户端，进入A页面
//https://yc.com?page=full
Intent intent2 = new Intent(this, TestFullActivity.class);
readGoActivity(intent2, this);
break;
case "list":
//唤起客户端，进入B页面，携带参数
//https://yc.com?page=list&id=520
Intent intent3 = new Intent(this, TestListActivity.class);
String id = getValueByName(url, "id");
intent3.putExtra("id",id);
readGoActivity(intent3, this);
break;
default:
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
readGoActivity(intent, this);
break;
}
}3.唤起方也需要操作
Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setData(Uri.parse("yilu://link/?page=main"));
startActivity(intent);4.关于问题疑惑点解决方案
5.跳转页面后的优化
public void readGoActivity(Intent intent, Context context) {
// 如果app 运行中，直接打开页面，没有运行中就先打开主界面，在打开
if (isAppRunning(context, context.getPackageName())) {
openActivity(intent, context);
} else {
//先打开首页，然后跳转指定页面
reStartActivity(intent, context);
}
}
public void openActivity(Intent intent, Context context) {
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
context.startActivity(intent);
}
/**
* 注意，为何要这样跳转，首先需要先跳转首页，然后在跳转到指定页面，那么回来的时候始终是首页Main页面
* @param intent intent
* @param context 上下文
*/
public void reStartActivity(Intent intent, Context context) {
Intent[] intents = new Intent[2];
Intent mainIntent = new Intent(context, MainActivity.class);
mainIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
intents[0] = mainIntent;
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
intents[1] = intent;
context.startActivities(intents);
}6.短信息竟无法识别scheme协议？
7.如何将一个http或https链接生成短链接
1.Android App Links是一种特殊的Deep Links
2.和Deep Link对比多些约束条件
3.Manifest文件中添加配置如下
当android:autoVerify="true"出现在你任意一个intent filter里，在Android6.0及以上的系统上安装应用的时候，会触发系统对APP里和URL有关的每一个域名的验证。验证过程设计以下步骤：
<activity android:name=".SchemeActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait">
<!--Android 接收外部跳转过滤器-->
<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
<data android:scheme="http"/>
<data android:scheme="https"/>
<data android:host="yc.com"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>4.需要添加验证操作
关于json文件的内容如下所示：
{
relation: [
"delegate_permission/common.handle_all_urls"
],
target: {
namespace: "android_app",
package_name: "com.yc.video",
sha256_cert_fingerprints: [
"4D:8A:27:58:E2:00:2E:0B:E2:46:54:74:7D:3E:F2:27:CE:46:FE:08:8D:CF:F7:34:54:B8:36:6D:7B:32:58:A0"
]
}
}json文件的注意点
startActivity入口与ResolverActivity
<html>
<body>
<a href="yilu://link/?page=main">立即打开一鹿报价页面（直接打开）>></a>
</body>
</html>点击Scheme跳转，一般会唤起如下界面，让用户选择打开方式：
ActivityManager: START u0 {act=android.intent.action.VIEW dat=yilu://link/... cmp=android/com.android.internal.app.ResolverActivity (has extras)} from uid 10067 on display 0其实看到的选择对话框就是ResolverActivity
Intent intent = new Intent()
intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW")
intent.setData(Uri.parse("https://yc.com/history/520"))
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT")
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.BROWSABLE")
startActivity(intent)那剩下的就是看startActivity，在源码中，startActivity最后会通过ActivityManagerService调用ActivityStatckSupervisor的startActivityMayWait
final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid, String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, WaitResult outResult, Configuration config, Bundle options, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, int userId, IActivityContainer iContainer, TaskRecord inTask) {
...
boolean componentSpecified = intent.getComponent() != null;
//创建新的Intent对象，即便intent被修改也不受影响
intent = new Intent(intent);
//收集Intent所指向的Activity信息, 当存在多个可供选择的Activity,则直接向用户弹出resolveActivity
ActivityInfo aInfo = resolveActivity(intent, resolvedType, startFlags, profilerInfo, userId);
...
}startActivityMayWait会通过resolveActivity先找到目标Activity，这个过程中，可能找到多个匹配的Activity，这就是ResolverActivity的入口：
ActivityInfo resolveActivity(Intent intent, String resolvedType, int startFlags,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, int userId) {
// Collect information about the target of the Intent.
ActivityInfo aInfo;
try {
ResolveInfo rInfo =
AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
intent, resolvedType,
PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
| ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS, userId);
aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
aInfo = null;
}可以认为，所有的四大组件的信息都在PackageManagerService中有登记，想要找到这些类，就必须向PackagemanagerService查询
@Override
public ResolveInfo resolveIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType,
int flags, int userId) {
if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return null;
enforceCrossUserPermission(Binder.getCallingUid(), userId, false, false, "resolve intent");
List<ResolveInfo> query = queryIntentActivities(intent, resolvedType, flags, userId);
return chooseBestActivity(intent, resolvedType, flags, query, userId);
}PackageManagerService会通过queryIntentActivities找到所有适合的Activity，再通过chooseBestActivity提供选择的权利。这里分如下三种情况：
关于如何查询，匹配的这里不详述，仅仅简单看看如何唤起选择页面，或者默认打开，比较关键的就是chooseBestActivity
private ResolveInfo chooseBestActivity(Intent intent, String resolvedType,
int flags, List<ResolveInfo> query, int userId) {
<!--查询最好的Activity-->
ResolveInfo ri = findPreferredActivity(intent, resolvedType,
flags, query, r0.priority, true, false, debug, userId);
if (ri != null) {
return ri;
}
...
}
ResolveInfo findPreferredActivity(Intent intent, String resolvedType, int flags,
List<ResolveInfo> query, int priority, boolean always,
boolean removeMatches, boolean debug, int userId) {
if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return null;
// writer
synchronized (mPackages) {
if (intent.getSelector() != null) {
intent = intent.getSelector();
}
<!--如果用户已经选择过默认打开的APP，则这里返回的就是相对应APP中的Activity-->
ResolveInfo pri = findPersistentPreferredActivityLP(intent, resolvedType, flags, query,
debug, userId);
if (pri != null) {
return pri;
}
<!--找Activity-->
PreferredIntentResolver pir = mSettings.mPreferredActivities.get(userId);
...
final ActivityInfo ai = getActivityInfo(pa.mPref.mComponent,
flags | PackageManager.GET_DISABLED_COMPONENTS, userId);
...
}
@Override
public ActivityInfo getActivityInfo(ComponentName component, int flags, int userId) {
if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return null;
enforceCrossUserPermission(Binder.getCallingUid(), userId, false, false, "get activity info");
synchronized (mPackages) {
...
<!--弄一个ResolveActivity的ActivityInfo-->
if (mResolveComponentName.equals(component)) {
return PackageParser.generateActivityInfo(mResolveActivity, flags,
new PackageUserState(), userId);
}
}
return null;
}其实上述流程比较复杂，这里只是自己简单猜想下流程，找到目标Activity后，无论是真的目标Acitiviy，还是ResolveActivity，都会通过startActivityLocked继续走启动流程，这里就会看到之前打印的Log信息：
final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller...{
if (err == ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS) {
Slog.i(TAG, "START u" + userId + " {" + intent.toShortString(true, true, true, false)
+ "} from uid " + callingUid
+ " on display " + (container == null ? (mFocusedStack == null ?
Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY : mFocusedStack.mDisplayId) :
(container.mActivityDisplay == null ? Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY :
container.mActivityDisplay.mDisplayId)));
}目前Android源码提供的是一个双向认证的方案：在APP安装的时候，客户端根据APP配置像服务端请求，如果满足条件，scheme跟服务端配置匹配的上，就为APP设置默认启动选项，所以这个方案很明显，在安装的时候需要联网才行，否则就是完全不会验证，那就是普通的deeplink，既然是在安装的时候去验证，那就看看PackageManagerService是如何处理这个流程的，具体找到installPackageLI方法：
private void installPackageLI(InstallArgs args, PackageInstalledInfo res) {
final int installFlags = args.installFlags;
<!--开始验证applink-->
startIntentFilterVerifications(args.user.getIdentifier(), replace, pkg);
...
}
private void startIntentFilterVerifications(int userId, boolean replacing,
PackageParser.Package pkg) {
if (mIntentFilterVerifierComponent == null) {
return;
}
final int verifierUid = getPackageUid(
mIntentFilterVerifierComponent.getPackageName(),
(userId == UserHandle.USER_ALL) ? UserHandle.USER_OWNER : userId);
//重点看这里，发送了一个handler消息
mHandler.removeMessages(START_INTENT_FILTER_VERIFICATIONS);
final Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(START_INTENT_FILTER_VERIFICATIONS);
msg.obj = new IFVerificationParams(pkg, replacing, userId, verifierUid);
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}可以看到发送了一个handler消息，那么消息里做了什么呢？看一下startIntentFilterVerifications发送一个消息开启验证，随后调用verifyIntentFiltersIfNeeded进行验证，代码如下所示：
//零碎代码，handler接受消息的地方代码
case START_INTENT_FILTER_VERIFICATIONS: {
IFVerificationParams params = (IFVerificationParams) msg.obj;
verifyIntentFiltersIfNeeded(params.userId, params.verifierUid,
params.replacing, params.pkg);
break;
}
//verifyIntentFiltersIfNeeded方法
private void verifyIntentFiltersIfNeeded(int userId, int verifierUid, boolean replacing,
PackageParser.Package pkg) {
...
<!--检查是否有Activity设置了AppLink-->
final boolean hasDomainURLs = hasDomainURLs(pkg);
if (!hasDomainURLs) {
if (DEBUG_DOMAIN_VERIFICATION) Slog.d(TAG,
"No domain URLs, so no need to verify any IntentFilter!");
return;
}
<!--是否autoverigy-->
boolean needToVerify = false;
for (PackageParser.Activity a : pkg.activities) {
for (ActivityIntentInfo filter : a.intents) {
<!--needsVerification是否设置autoverify -->
if (filter.needsVerification() && needsNetworkVerificationLPr(filter)) {
needToVerify = true;
break;
}
}
}
<!--如果有搜集需要验证的Activity信息及scheme信息-->
if (needToVerify) {
final int verificationId = mIntentFilterVerificationToken++;
for (PackageParser.Activity a : pkg.activities) {
for (ActivityIntentInfo filter : a.intents) {
if (filter.handlesWebUris(true) && needsNetworkVerificationLPr(filter)) {
if (DEBUG_DOMAIN_VERIFICATION) Slog.d(TAG,
"Verification needed for IntentFilter:" + filter.toString());
mIntentFilterVerifier.addOneIntentFilterVerification(
verifierUid, userId, verificationId, filter, packageName);
count++;
} } } } }
<!--开始验证-->
if (count > 0) {
mIntentFilterVerifier.startVerifications(userId);
}
}具体看一下hasDomainURLs到底做了什么？
private static boolean hasDomainURLs(Package pkg) {
if (pkg == null || pkg.activities == null) return false;
final ArrayList<Activity> activities = pkg.activities;
final int countActivities = activities.size();
for (int n=0; n<countActivities; n++) {
Activity activity = activities.get(n);
ArrayList<ActivityIntentInfo> filters = activity.intents;
if (filters == null) continue;
final int countFilters = filters.size();
for (int m=0; m<countFilters; m++) {
ActivityIntentInfo aii = filters.get(m);
// 必须设置Intent.ACTION_VIEW 必须设置有ACTION_DEFAULT 必须要有SCHEME_HTTPS或者SCHEME_HTTP，查到一个就可以
if (!aii.hasAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)) continue;
if (!aii.hasAction(Intent.ACTION_DEFAULT)) continue;
if (aii.hasDataScheme(IntentFilter.SCHEME_HTTP) ||
aii.hasDataScheme(IntentFilter.SCHEME_HTTPS)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}检查的第二步试看看是否设置了autoverify，当然中间还有些是否设置过，用户是否选择过的操作，比较复杂，不分析，不过不影响对流程的理解：
public final boolean needsVerification() {
return getAutoVerify() && handlesWebUris(true);
}
public final boolean getAutoVerify() {
return ((mVerifyState & STATE_VERIFY_AUTO) == STATE_VERIFY_AUTO);
}只要找到一个满足以上条件的Activity，就开始验证。如果想要开启applink，Manifest中配置必须像下面这样
<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
<data android:scheme="https" android:host="xxx.com" />
<data android:scheme="http" android:host="xxx.com" />
<!--外部intent打开，比如短信，文本编辑等-->
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>搜集其实就是搜集intentfilter信息，下面直接看验证过程
@Override
public void startVerifications(int userId) {
...
sendVerificationRequest(userId, verificationId, ivs);
}
mCurrentIntentFilterVerifications.clear();
}
private void sendVerificationRequest(int userId, int verificationId,
IntentFilterVerificationState ivs) {
Intent verificationIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INTENT_FILTER_NEEDS_VERIFICATION);
verificationIntent.putExtra(
PackageManager.EXTRA_INTENT_FILTER_VERIFICATION_ID,
verificationId);
verificationIntent.putExtra(
PackageManager.EXTRA_INTENT_FILTER_VERIFICATION_URI_SCHEME,
getDefaultScheme());
verificationIntent.putExtra(
PackageManager.EXTRA_INTENT_FILTER_VERIFICATION_HOSTS,
ivs.getHostsString());
verificationIntent.putExtra(
PackageManager.EXTRA_INTENT_FILTER_VERIFICATION_PACKAGE_NAME,
ivs.getPackageName());
verificationIntent.setComponent(mIntentFilterVerifierComponent);
verificationIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_FOREGROUND);
UserHandle user = new UserHandle(userId);
mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(verificationIntent, user);
}目前Android的实现是通过发送一个广播来进行验证的，也就是说，这是个异步的过程，验证是需要耗时的（网络请求），所以安装后，一般要等个几秒Applink才能生效，广播的接受处理者是：IntentFilterVerificationReceiver
public final class IntentFilterVerificationReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private static final String TAG = IntentFilterVerificationReceiver.class.getSimpleName();
...
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
final String action = intent.getAction();
if (Intent.ACTION_INTENT_FILTER_NEEDS_VERIFICATION.equals(action)) {
Bundle inputExtras = intent.getExtras();
if (inputExtras != null) {
Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, DirectStatementService.class);
serviceIntent.setAction(DirectStatementService.CHECK_ALL_ACTION);
...
serviceIntent.putExtras(extras);
context.startService(serviceIntent);
}IntentFilterVerificationReceiver收到验证消息后，通过start一个DirectStatementService进行验证，兜兜转转最终调用IsAssociatedCallable的verifyOneSource
private class IsAssociatedCallable implements Callable<Void> {
private boolean verifyOneSource(AbstractAsset source, AbstractAssetMatcher target,
Relation relation) throws AssociationServiceException {
Result statements = mStatementRetriever.retrieveStatements(source);
for (Statement statement : statements.getStatements()) {
if (relation.matches(statement.getRelation())
&& target.matches(statement.getTarget())) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}IsAssociatedCallable会逐一对需要验证的intentfilter进行验证，具体是通过DirectStatementRetriever的retrieveStatements来实现：
Override
public Result retrieveStatements(AbstractAsset source) throws AssociationServiceException {
if (source instanceof AndroidAppAsset) {
return retrieveFromAndroid((AndroidAppAsset) source);
} else if (source instanceof WebAsset) {
return retrieveFromWeb((WebAsset) source);
} else {
..
}
}AndroidAppAsset好像是Google的另一套assetlink类的东西，好像用在APP web登陆信息共享之类的地方 ，不看，直接看retrieveFromWeb：从名字就能看出，这是获取服务端Applink的配置，获取后跟本地校验，如果通过了，那就是applink启动成功：
private Result retrieveStatementFromUrl(String urlString, int maxIncludeLevel,
AbstractAsset source)
throws AssociationServiceException {
List<Statement> statements = new ArrayList<Statement>();
if (maxIncludeLevel < 0) {
return Result.create(statements, DO_NOT_CACHE_RESULT);
}
WebContent webContent;
try {
URL url = new URL(urlString);
if (!source.followInsecureInclude()
&& !url.getProtocol().toLowerCase().equals("https")) {
return Result.create(statements, DO_NOT_CACHE_RESULT);
}
<!--通过网络请求获取配置-->
webContent = mUrlFetcher.getWebContentFromUrlWithRetry(url,
HTTP_CONTENT_SIZE_LIMIT_IN_BYTES, HTTP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS,
HTTP_CONNECTION_BACKOFF_MILLIS, HTTP_CONNECTION_RETRY);
} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
return Result.create(statements, DO_NOT_CACHE_RESULT);
}
try {
ParsedStatement result = StatementParser
.parseStatementList(webContent.getContent(), source);
statements.addAll(result.getStatements());
<!--如果有一对多的情况，或者说设置了“代理”，则循环获取配置-->
for (String delegate : result.getDelegates()) {
statements.addAll(
retrieveStatementFromUrl(delegate, maxIncludeLevel - 1, source)
.getStatements());
}
<!--发送结果-->
return Result.create(statements, webContent.getExpireTimeMillis());
} catch (JSONException | IOException e) {
return Result.create(statements, DO_NOT_CACHE_RESULT);
}
}其实就是通过UrlFetcher获取服务端配置，然后发给之前的receiver进行验证:
public WebContent getWebContentFromUrl(URL url, long fileSizeLimit, int connectionTimeoutMillis)
throws AssociationServiceException, IOException {
final String scheme = url.getProtocol().toLowerCase(Locale.US);
if (!scheme.equals("http") && !scheme.equals("https")) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The url protocol should be on http or https.");
}
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
connection.setConnectTimeout(connectionTimeoutMillis);
connection.setReadTimeout(connectionTimeoutMillis);
connection.setUseCaches(true);
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
connection.addRequestProperty("Cache-Control", "max-stale=60");
...
return new WebContent(inputStreamToString(
connection.getInputStream(), connection.getContentLength(), fileSizeLimit),
expireTimeMillis);
} 
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Sublime Text具有漂亮的用户界面和强大的功能，例如代码缩略图，Python的插件，代码段等。还可自定义键绑定，菜单和工具栏。Sublime Text 的主要功能包括：拼写检查，书签，完整的 Python API ， Goto 功能，即时项目切换，多选择，多窗口等等。Sublime Text 是一个跨平台的编辑器，同时支持Windows、Linux、Mac OS X等操作系统。
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