基于k8s Prometheus+Grafana+Altermanager钉钉报警

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1. 使用Prometheus Operator监控kubetnetes集群

2. 使用Prometheus Operator实现应用自定义监控

一、概述

Alertmanager与Prometheus是相互分离的两个组件。Prometheus服务器根据报警规则将警报发送给Alertmanager，然后Alertmanager将silencing、inhibition、aggregation等消息通过电子邮件、dingtalk和HipChat发送通知。

Alertmanager处理由例如Prometheus服务器等客户端发来的警报。它负责删除重复数据、分组，并将警报通过路由发送到正确的接收器，比如电子邮件、Slack、dingtalk等。Alertmanager还支持groups,silencing和警报抑制的机制。

钉钉作为内部通讯工具，基本上大家在电脑和手机上都能用，消息可以第一时间查看，报警消息的即时性要求比较高，所以适合用钉钉通知。

二、添加钉钉机器人

请参考官方文档：自定义机器人

添加机器人后获取机器人的hook（机器人好像只能在钉钉群里面添加）,在后面部署会用到。

机器人hook：https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxx

三、配置Alertmanager

Alertmanager官方文档：https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/db2a09a8a7e193d6e474f37055908a6d432b88b5/content/docs/alerting/configuration.md#webhook_config

修改Alertmanager报警配置，因上面的官方文档已经给出来每个参数的详细信息，就不再一一解释了。

[root@node-01 prometheus]# vim prometheus-operator/values.yaml config: global: resolve_timeout: 2m route: group_by: ['job'] group_wait: 30s group_interval: 2m repeat_interval: 12h receiver: 'webhook' routes: - match: alertname: DeadMansSwitch receiver: 'webhook' receivers: - name: 'webhook' webhook_configs: - url: http://webhook-dingtalk/dingtalk/send/ send_resolved: true

更新prometheus-operator

[root@node-01 prometheus]# helm upgrade p ./prometheus-operator

修改成功后可以在alertmanager的status页面看到相关配置

四、转换alertmanager数据格式

Alertmanager会以下列JSON格式的数据通过HTTP POST请求发送到端点：

{ "version": "4", "groupKey": <string>, // key identifying the group of alerts (e.g. to deduplicate) "status": "<resolved|firing>", "receiver": <string>, "groupLabels": <object>, "commonLabels": <object>, "commonAnnotations": <object>, "externalURL": <string>, // backlink to the Alertmanager. "alerts": [ { "labels": <object>, "annotations": <object>, "startsAt": "<rfc3339>", "endsAt": "<rfc3339>" }, ... ] }

这是测试报警数据的示例：

b'{ "receiver":"webhook", "status":"firing", "alerts":[{ "status":"firing", "labels":{ "alertname":"DeadMansSwitch", "prometheus":"monitoring/p-prometheus", "severity":"none" }, "annotations":{ "message":"This is a DeadMansSwitch meant to ensure that the entire alerting pipeline is functional." }, "startsAt":"2019-03-08T10:02:28.680317737Z", "endsAt":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "generatorURL":"http://prom.cnlinux.club/graph?g0.expr=vector%281%29\\u0026g0.tab=1" }], "groupLabels":{}, "commonLabels":{ "alertname":"DeadMansSwitch", "prometheus":"monitoring/p-prometheus", "severity":"none" }, "commonAnnotations":{ "message":"This is a DeadMansSwitch meant to ensure that the entire alerting pipeline is functional." }, "externalURL":"http://alert.cnlinux.club","version":"4", "groupKey":"{}/{alertname=\\"DeadMansSwitch\\"}:{}"}\n' 

钉钉对数据的格式是有要求的（具体要求在上面钉钉官方文档），所以需要将Alertmanager传过来的数据进行格式转化。

以下我们用自己写的python脚本来转换。

脚本说明：

• alertmanager传过来的数据中，重要的是labels{}的数据，但是里面数据太多，很多信息在报警的信息中是不需要的，所以在脚本中添加了一个EXCLUDE_LIST列表，用于排除不需要的数据。

[root@node-01 prometheus]# cat app.py #!/usr/bin/env python import io, sys sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.detach(), encoding='utf-8') sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stderr.detach(), encoding='utf-8') from flask import Flask, Response from flask import request import requests import logging import json import locale #locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL,"en_US.UTF-8") app = Flask(__name__) console = logging.StreamHandler() fmt = '%(asctime)s - %(filename)s:%(lineno)s - %(name)s - %(message)s' formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt) console.setFormatter(formatter) log = logging.getLogger("flask_webhook_dingtalk") log.addHandler(console) log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) EXCLUDE_LIST = ['prometheus', 'endpoint'] @app.route('/') def index(): return 'Webhook Dingtalk by Billy https://blog.51cto.com/billy98' @app.route('/dingtalk/send/',methods=['POST']) def hander_session(): profile_url = sys.argv[1] post_data = request.get_data() post_data = json.loads(post_data.decode("utf-8"))['alerts'] post_data = post_data[0] messa_list = [] messa_list.append('### 报警类型: %s' % post_data['status'].upper()) messa_list.append('**startsAt:** %s' % post_data['startsAt']) for i in post_data['labels'].keys(): if i in EXCLUDE_LIST: continue else: messa_list.append("**%s:** %s" % (i, post_data['labels'][i])) messa_list.append('**Describe:** %s' % post_data['annotations']['message']) messa = (' \\n\\n > '.join(messa_list)) status = alert_data(messa, post_data['labels']['alertname'], profile_url ) log.info(status) return status def alert_data(data,title,profile_url): headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json'} send_data = '{"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": \"%s\" ,"text": \"%s\" }}' %(title,data) # type: str send_data = send_data.encode('utf-8') reps = requests.post(url=profile_url, data=send_data, headers=headers) return reps.text if __name__ == '__main__': app.debug = False app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port='8080') 

五、制作Docker镜像

将上面的python脚本做成镜像，然后把他们以服务的形式运行在k8s集群中，保证高可用。

大家也可以用我已经制作成功的镜像：docker pull billy98/webhook-dingtalk:latest,直接pull即可。

[root@node-01 prometheus]# cat Dockerfile FROM centos:7 as build MAINTAINER billy98 5884625@qq.com RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo && yum install -y python36 python36-pip && pip3.6 install flask requests werkzeug ADD app.py /usr/local/alert-dingtalk.py FROM gcr.io/distroless/python3 COPY --from=build /usr/local/alert-dingtalk.py /usr/local/alert-dingtalk.py COPY --from=build usr/local/lib64/python3.6/site-packages usr/local/lib64/python3.6/site-packages COPY --from=build usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages ENV PYTHONPATH=usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages:usr/local/lib64/python3.6/site-packages EXPOSE 8080 ENTRYPOINT ["python","/usr/local/alert-dingtalk.py"]

[root@node-01 prometheus]# docker build -t billy98/webhook-dingtalk:latest .

我这样build出来的镜像只有50多M，具体的使用方法参考：

distroless：https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless

六、部署webhook-dingtalk

[root@node-01 prometheus]# cat webhook-dingtalk.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1beta2 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: app: webhook-dingtalk name: webhook-dingtalk namespace: monitoring #需要和alertmanager在同一个namespace spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: webhook-dingtalk template: metadata: labels: app: webhook-dingtalk spec: containers: - image: billy98/webhook-dingtalk:latest name: webhook-dingtalk args: - "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxx" #上面创建的钉钉机器人hook ports: - containerPort: 8080 protocol: TCP resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 100Mi limits: cpu: 500m memory: 500Mi livenessProbe: failureThreshold: 3 initialDelaySeconds: 30 periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 tcpSocket: port: 8080 readinessProbe: failureThreshold: 3 initialDelaySeconds: 30 periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 httpGet: port: 8080 path: / imagePullSecrets: - name: IfNotPresent --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: app: webhook-dingtalk name: webhook-dingtalk namespace: monitoring #需要和alertmanager在同一个namespace spec: ports: - name: http port: 80 protocol: TCP targetPort: 8080 selector: app: webhook-dingtalk type: ClusterIP 

钉钉中报警信息如下：

报警恢复的消息

至此所有的操作已完成。

如有问题欢迎在下面留言交流。希望大家多多关注和点赞，谢谢！