环境如下

linux版本：ubuntu 14.04 LTS
jdk版本：jdk1.7.0_67
hadoop版本：hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.1.0.tar.gz
impala版本：impala_1.4.0-1.impala1.4.0.p0.7~precise-impala1.4.0_all.deb

hadoop-cdh下载地址：http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh4/cdh/4/
ubuntu impala下载地址：
http://archive.cloudera.com/impala/ubuntu/precise/amd64/impala/pool/contrib/i/impala/
建议：hadoop的版本不要太高，还是用cdh4比较靠谱，之前我用了apache-hadoop2.7，hadoop2.6-cdh5，impala启动时都报了错误，原因为protobuf不兼容，该错误我查了几天。

为了方便，以下教程我在root用户下进行，及root作为使用用户。

1、安装hadoop

# apt-get install openssh-server
设置免密码登录
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
# cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys

下载jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz，解压后配置环境变量
# tar -vzxf jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz
# mkdir /usr/java
# mv jdk1.7.0_67 /usr/java/
# vi /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_67
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH                
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib 

# tar -xvzf hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.1.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.1.0 /usr/local/
# vi /etc/profile

export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.1.0
export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$PATH
export HADOOP_PREFIX=$HADOOP_HOME                     
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME                                     
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME                                 
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME                                 
export HADOOP_YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME                                      
export HADOOP_LIB=$HADOOP_HOME/lib                              
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop           
export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_HOME/lib"

# source /etc/profile

2、配置hadoop，伪分布式配置

# cd /etc/local/hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.1.0
# cd /etc/hadoop
# vi hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_67

# vi core-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>                                                        
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>  <!-- 临时目录 --> 
        <value>file:/root/hadoop/tmp</value> 
    </property>                                                                
    <property>                                                                 
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>                                              
        <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>                                   
    </property>               
</configuration>

# vi hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>                                              
        <name>dfs.replication</name>                         
        <value>1</value>                                  
    </property>                                     
    <property>                                    
        <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>  <!-- namenode目录-->
        <value>file:/root/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name</value>
    </property>                       
    <property>                          
        <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>  <!-- datanode目录 -->
        <value>file:/root/hadoop/tmp/dfs/data</value>
    </property>                       
</configuration> 

# cd ~
# mkdir -p hadoop/tmp/dfs/name
# mkdir hadoop/tmp/dfs/data
注：需要保证用户为hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.1.0目录、namenode目录和datanode目录的拥有者

3、启动hadoop

格式化namenode
# hadoop namenode -format
# start-all.sh (该命令在$HADOOP_HOME/sbin)
测试
# hadoop fs -ls / #查看hdfs的/目录
# hadoop fs -mkdir /user #在hdfs创建目录user
# hadoop fs -put a.out /user #在hdfs的/user下上传文件a.out
# hadoop fs -get /user/a.out #下载a.out文件到本地

关闭hadoop
# stop-all.sh

4、安装impala

修改源：
# vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cloudera.list

deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.cloudera.com/cm5/ubuntu/trusty/amd64/cm trusty-cm5 contrib
deb-src http://archive.cloudera.com/cm5/ubuntu/trusty/amd64/cm trusty-cm5 contrib
                                                                                 
deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.cloudera.com/impala/ubuntu/precise/amd64/impala precise-impala1 contrib
deb-src http://archive.cloudera.com/impala/ubuntu/precise/amd64/impala precise-impala1 contrib                                             

# apt-get update
# apt-get install bigtop-utils

用apt-get下载impala太慢了，可在
http://archive.cloudera.com/impala/ubuntu/precise/amd64/impala/pool/contrib/i/impala/
下载相应安装包。

# dpkg -i impala_1.4.0-1.impala1.4.0.p0.7~precise-impala1.4.0_all.deb
# dpkg -i impala-server_1.4.0-1.impala1.4.0.p0.7-precise-impala1.4.0_all.deb
# dpkg -i impala-state-store_1.4.0-1.impala1.4.0.p0.7-precise-impala1.4.0_all.deb
# dpkg -i impala-catalog_1.4.0-1.impala1.4.0.p0.7-precise-impala1.4.0_all.deb
# apt-get install python-setuptools
出错则根据错误修改(apt-get -f install)

# dpkg -i impala-shell_1.4.0-1.impala1.4.0.p0.7-precise-impala1.4.0_all.deb
impala安装完毕。

5、impala配置

# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost

在$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop下将core-site.xml及hdfs-site.xml拷贝到/etc/impala/conf
# cd /usr/local/hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.1.0/etc/hadoop/
# cp core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml /etc/impala/conf
# cd /etc/impala/conf
# vi hdfs-site.xml
增加：

<property>
    <name>dfs.client.read.shortcircuit</name>
    <value>true</value>                     
</property>
<property>                       
    <name>dfs.domain.socket.path</name>
    <value>/var/run/hadoop-hdfs/dn._PORT</value>
</property>                                         
<property>                                          
    <name>dfs.datanode.hdfs-blocks-metadata.enabled</name>
    <value>true</value>                      
</property>                                            
<property>                                           
    <name>dfs.client.use.legacy.blockreader.local</name>
    <value>true</value>                           
</property>                                      
<property>                                          
    <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir.perm</name>          
    <value>750</value>                                
</property>                                             
<property>                                              
    <name>dfs.block.local-path-access.user</name>
    <value>impala</value>
</property> 
<property>
    <name>dfs.client.file-block-storage-locations.timeout</name>
    <value>3000</value>
</property>

# mkdir /var/run/hadoop-hdfs
注：保证/var/run/hadoop-hdfs为用户所有

6、impala启动

# service impala-state-store start
# service impala-catalog start
# service impala-server start
查看是否启动：
# ps -ef | grep impala
错误信息查看日志
启动impala-shell
# impala-shell -i localhost --quiet
[localhost:21000] > select version();
...
[localhost:21000] > select current_database();
...
impala-shell操作见
http://www.cloudera.com/documentation/enterprise/latest/topics/impala_tutorial.html#tutorial

7、impala日志错误处理

impala日志位置为：/var/log/impala
impala启动错误1：
Failed on local exception:
com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException: Message missing required fields: callId, status; Host Details : local host is: "database32/127.0.1.1"; destination host is: "localhost":9000;
原因：
hadoop2.6的protobuf版本为2.5，为impala用的版本为protobuf2.4
解决：
将hadoop的版本降低时与impala的版本匹配，这里impala采用二进制方式安装，无法
重新编译，解决为将hadoop的版本与impala版本一致。我下载的hadoop为hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.1.0，impala为impala_1.4.0

impala启动错误2：
dfs.client.read.shortcircuit is not enabled because - dfs.client.use.legacy
.blockreader.local is not enabled
原因：
hdfs-site.xml配置出错
解决：
将dfs.datanode.hdfs-blocks-metadata.enabled选项设为true

impala启动错误3：
Impalad services did not start correctly, exiting. Error: Couldn't open
transport for 127.0.0.1:24000(connect() failed: Connection refused)
原因：
未启动impala-state-store，impala-catalog
解决：
# service impala-state-store start
# service impala-catalog start
# service impala start