Linux下部署Hadoop伪分布模式
Hadoop版本为1.2.1
Linux使用Fedora19并使用hadoop账号安装
第一步：配置ssh本地登录证书（虽然为伪分布模式，Hadoop依然会使用SSH进行通信）
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[hadoop@promote ~]$ which ssh
/usr/bin/ssh
[hadoop@promote ~]$ which ssh-keygen
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen
[hadoop@promote ~]$ which sshd
/usr/sbin/sshd
[hadoop@promote ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
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然后一路回车
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Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/hadoop/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Passphrases do not match. Try again.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
2f:a9:60:c7:dc:38:8f:c7:bb:70:de:d4:39:c3:39:87 hadoop@promote.cache-dns.local
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| |
| |
| |
| |
| S |
| o o o o + |
| o B.= o E . |
| . o Oo+ = |
| o.=o. |
+-----------------+
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最终将在/home/hadoop/.ssh/路径下生成私钥id_rsa和公钥id_rsa.pub
[hadoop@promote .ssh]$ cd /home/hadoop/.ssh/
[hadoop@promote .ssh]$ ls
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
修改sshd服务配置文件：
[hadoop@promote .ssh]$ su root
密码：
[root@promote .ssh]# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
启用RSA加密算法验证（去掉前面的#号）
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RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
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修改mapred-site.xml：
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>localhost:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>
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修改hdfs-site.xml：
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>
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master中指定的SNN节点和slaves中指定的从节点位置均为本地
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[hadoop@promote conf]$ cat masters
localhost
[hadoop@promote conf]$ cat slaves
localhost
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第五步：启动Hadoop
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[hadoop@promote bin]$ cd ../conf/
[hadoop@promote conf]$ cd ../bin
[hadoop@promote bin]$ sh start-all.sh
starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-promote.cache-dns.local.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-promote.cache-dns.local.out
localhost: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-promote.cache-dns.local.out
starting jobtracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-promote.cache-dns.local.out
localhost: starting tasktracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-promote.cache-dns.local.out
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可以看到所有Hadoop守护进程均已启动
保存并退出，然后重启sshd服务
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[root@promote .ssh]# service sshd restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart sshd.service
[root@promote .ssh]# ps -ef|grep sshd
root 1995 1 0 22:33 ? 00:00:00 sshd: hadoop [priv]
hadoop 2009 1995 0 22:33 ? 00:00:00 sshd: hadoop@pts/0
root 4171 1 0 23:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 4175 3397 0 23:12 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto sshd
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然后切换回hadoop用户，将ssh证书公钥拷贝至/home/hadoop/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中
[root@promote .ssh]# su hadoop
[hadoop@promote .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
修改authorized_keys文件的权限为644（这步一定要有）
[hadoop@promote .ssh]$ chmod 644 authorized_keys
[hadoop@promote .ssh]$ ssh localhost
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 25:1f:be:72:7b:83:8e:c7:96:b6:71:35:fc:5d:2e:7d.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Last login: Thu Feb 13 23:42:43 2014
第一次登陆将会将证书内容保存在/home/hadoop/.ssh/known_hosts文件中，以后再次登陆将不需要输入密码
[hadoop@promote .ssh]$ ssh localhost
Last login: Thu Feb 13 23:46:04 2014 from localhost.localdomain
至此ssh证书部分配置完成
第二步：安装JDK
[hadoop@promote ~]$ java -version
java version "1.7.0_25"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (fedora-2.3.10.3.fc19-i386)
OpenJDK Client VM (build 23.7-b01, mixed mode)
将OpenJDK换为Oracle的Java SE
[hadoop@promote .ssh]$ cd ~
[hadoop@promote ~]$ uname -i
i386
在Oracle的官网下载jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin后上传至服务器，赋予权限并进行安装，最后删除安装包
[hadoop@promote ~]$ chmod u+x jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin
[hadoop@promote ~]$ ./jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin
[hadoop@promote ~]$ rm -rf jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin
[hadoop@promote conf]$ export PATH=$PATH:/home/hadoop/jdk1.6.0_45/bin
出现以下结果说明JDK成功安装：
[hadoop@promote ~]$ java -version
java version "1.6.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_45-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 20.45-b01, mixed mode, sharing)
第三步：安装Hadoop
在Hadoop官网下载hadoop-1.2.1.tar.gz并上传至服务器/home/hadoop路径下
[hadoop@promote ~]$ tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.1.tar.gz
[hadoop@promote ~]$ rm -rf hadoop-1.2.1.tar.gz
[hadoop@promote ~]$ cd hadoop-1.2.1/conf/
[hadoop@promote conf]$ vi hadoop-env.sh
将JAVA_HOME指向第二步安装的JDK所在目录片
# The java implementation to use. Required.
export JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop/jdk1.6.0_45
保存并退出
第四步：修改Hadoop配置文件
修改core-site.xml：
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
</property>
</configuration>
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最新内容请见作者的GitHub页：http://qaseven.github.io/
