Redis简介
Redis 是一个开源（BSD许可）的，内存中的数据结构存储系统，它可以用作数据库、缓存和消息中间件。
搭建Redis环境
1. 安装redis：使用Docker （使用docker中国加速
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull registry.docker-cn.com/library/redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
683abbb4ea60: Already exists
259238e792d8: Pull complete
78399601c709: Pull complete
f397da474601: Pull complete
c57de4edc390: Pull complete
b2ea05c9d9a1: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:5534b92530acc653f0721ebfa14f31bc718f68bf9070cbba25bb00bc7aacfabb
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.docker-cn.com/library/redis:latest
使用docker images查询
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.docker-cn.com/library/redis latest 71a81cb279e3 7 days ago 83.4MB
mysql 5.7 66bc0f66b7af 7 days ago 372MB
使用docker启动redis
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --name myredis registry.docker-cn.com/library/redis
ba65a5f3fc5c996ea23582a0cfeb0275be759c1a19fc920dd6f513127b5c9738
使用docker ps -a 查询运行情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ba65a5f3fc5c registry.docker-cn.com/library/redis "docker-entrypoint..." About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp myredis
2. 引入redis依赖包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
3. 配置redis
# redis配置项
# Redis数据库索引（默认为0）
spring.redis.database=0
# Redis服务器地址
spring.redis.host=192.168.43.53
# Redis服务器连接端口
spring.redis.port=6379
# Redis服务器连接密码（默认为空）
spring.redis.password=
引入redis依赖包后系统就会自动引入RedisAutoConfiguration完成redis相关配置。其中就包括自动配置好了，RedisTemplate 、StringRedisTemplage。我们就可以在项目中直接使用。
4. 编写redis测试方法
Redis 常见的五大数据类型：
String(字符串）、List(列表）、Set(集合)、Hash(散列)/ ZSet(有序集合)
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue()：【String（字符串）】
stringRedisTemplate.opsForList()：【List（列表）】
stringRedisTemplate.opsForSet()：【Set（集合）】
stringRedisTemplate.opsForHash()：【Hash（散列）】
stringRedisTemplate.opsForZSet():【有序集合】
/**
* Redis 常见的五大数据类型
* String(字符串）、List(列表）、Set(集合)、Hash(散列)/ ZSet(有序集合)
*/
@Autowired
StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
@Autowired
RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
@Autowired
RedisTemplate empRedisTemplate; // 自定义RedisTemplate
@Test
public void test01() {
// 给redis存字符串数据
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().append("msg", "hello");
stringRedisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("list", "v1");
stringRedisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("list", "v2");
stringRedisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("list", "v3");
stringRedisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("list", "v4");
String msg = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
// 给redis存对象数据
Employee employee = employeeMapper.getEmpById(1);
// 这里使用默认的JDK序列化器：JdkSerializationRedisSerializer 将序列化后的数据保存到redis中
// 我们也可以自定义序列化器完成序列化存储
// 1. 自动手动将对象序列化为JSON字符串
// 2. 指定redisTemplate默认的序列化器
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("emp", employee);
empRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("emp_json", employee);
}
自定义序列化器：
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2018/7/4 0004.
*/
@Configuration
public class MyRedisConfig {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<Object, Employee> empRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
RedisTemplate<Object, Employee> template = new RedisTemplate<Object, Employee>();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Employee> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Employee.class);
template.setDefaultSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
return template;
}
}
- 使用Redis测试SpringBoot缓存
原理：系统使用CacheManager（ConcurrentMapCacheManager默认）来创建Cache组件，来完成缓存的CRUD操作。
- 默认情况下系统使用SimpleCacheConfiguration来引入ConcurrentMapCacheManager缓存管理器--》ConcurrentMapCache作为缓存组件
- 引入了redis的starter后容器中保存的是RedisCacheManager--》RedisCache作为缓存组件（通过操作redis缓存数据）， 默认保存数据 k-v 都是Object 默认利用jdk序列化保存
所以我们需要自定义CacheManager（使用我们自己的序列化器）：
重写RedisCacheConfiguration类中的方法：
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager cacheManager(RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate) {
RedisCacheManager cacheManager = new RedisCacheManager(redisTemplate);
cacheManager.setUsePrefix(true);
List cacheNames = this.cacheProperties.getCacheNames();
if(!cacheNames.isEmpty()) {
cacheManager.setCacheNames(cacheNames);
}
return (RedisCacheManager)this.customizerInvoker.customize(cacheManager);
}
@Configuration
public class MyRedisConfig {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<Object, Employee> empRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
RedisTemplate<Object, Employee> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Employee> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Employee.class);
template.setDefaultSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
return template;
}
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<Object, Department> deptRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
RedisTemplate<Object, Department> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Department> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Department.class);
template.setDefaultSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
return template;
}
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager empCacheManager(RedisTemplate<Object, Employee> empRedisTemplate) {
RedisCacheManager cacheManager = new RedisCacheManager(empRedisTemplate);
// 使用前綴，默认使用cacheNames作为前缀
cacheManager.setUsePrefix(true);
return cacheManager;
}
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager deptCacheManager(RedisTemplate<Object, Department> deptRedisTemplate) {
RedisCacheManager cacheManager = new RedisCacheManager(deptRedisTemplate);
// 使用前綴，默认使用cacheNames作为前缀
cacheManager.setUsePrefix(true);
return cacheManager;
}
@Primary
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager cacheManager(RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate) {
RedisCacheManager cacheManager = new RedisCacheManager(redisTemplate);
cacheManager.setUsePrefix(true);
return cacheManager;
}
}
在使用RedisCache时使用注解指定CacheManager:
@Cacheable(cacheNames = {"emp"}, cacheManager = "empCacheManager")
@Service
public class EmployeeService {
手动编码操作缓存：
@Autowired
@Qualifier("empCacheManager")
CacheManager empCacheManager;
public Employee getEmp(Integer id){
Employee emp = employeeMapper.getEmpById(id);
// 获取某个缓存组件
Cache empCache = empCacheManager.getCache("emp");
empCache.put("emp:1", emp);
return emp;
}
