[雪峰磁针石博客]构建工具buildbot教程 持续交付与构建
Buildbot是python实现的开源持续构建和持续交付工具，为Python, Mozilla, Chromium, WebKit等知名项目使用。
与Jenkins相比，Buildbot在大陆使用者较少。原因在于Jenkins的界面相对较美观，更容易上手；Jenkins的中文文档比较丰富。但是Jenkins因为资源消耗庞大、不太方便定制而不受一些有实力的公司欢迎。这些不少把目光聚焦在Buildbot。
究竟Buildbot有哪些优点让这些公司青睐呢？Buildbot基于python网络框架Twisted，分布式做得好。Buildbot可以直接使用python包，轻松拥有上万库，具备强大的扩展能力。如果你觉得Jenkins已经轻松地满足你的需求，你不需要Buildbot。如果你在Jenkins时觉得效率低下、扩展困难、一些用python等脚本可以实现的动作在Jenkins困难重重，那么可以看看Buildbot。
python的buildbot站点： http://buildbot.python.org/all/#/
Buildbot是开源的自动化软件构建，测试，发布流程的框架。
Buildbot支持跨平台，分布式，并行执行jobs，与版本控制系统的灵活集成，丰富的状态报告等等。
Buildbot是一个作业调度系统：它会对作业进行排队，在所需要的资源可用时执行任务，并报告结果。
Buildbot有一个或多个主机和从机。主机监控源代码库的变化，调配从机，并给用户和开发者报告结果。从机可在多种操作系统上运行。
可以配置Python脚本到主机。这个脚本可以简单到只配置内置组件，也可以充分发挥python所长，可以动态生成的配置，定制的组件及其他任何你能想到的。
该框架基于Twisted实现，并与所有主要的操作系统兼容。
Buildbot支持持续集成，持续部署，发布管理等的。Buildbot支持持续集成测试，自动化复杂的编译系统，应用程序部署和复杂的软件发布流程管理。比CruiseControl或Jenkins更适合混合语言的环境。在 Chromium,WebKit, Firefox, Python和Twisted等有广泛的使用。
缺点：buildbot对多项目支持并不好。
参考资料
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本文涉及的python测试开发库 谢谢点赞！
- 讨论 钉钉免费群21745728 qq群144081101 567351477
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本文代码地址：https://github.com/china-testing/python-api-tesing/tree/master/buildbot/
安装
目的
本教程从零开始，尽可能快地运行您的第一个buildbot master和worker，而不会更改默认配置。
本教程假设您正在运行Linux，但可能适用于Windows。
准备
pip3 install buildbot
pip3 install buildbot-www
pip3 install buildbot-grid-view
pip3 install buildbot-console_view
pip3 install buildbot-worker
pip3 install setuptools-trial
创建master
$ buildbot create-master master
mkdir /opt/master
creating /opt/master/master.cfg.sample
creating database (sqlite:///state.sqlite)
buildmaster configured in /opt/master
$ mv master/master.cfg.sample master/master.cfg
$ buildbot start master
Following twistd.log until startup finished..
The buildmaster appears to have (re)started correctly.
日志在master/twistd.log
image.png
创建worker
$ buildbot-worker create-worker worker localhost example-worker pass
mkdir /opt/worker
mkdir /opt/worker/info
Creating info/admin, you need to edit it appropriately.
Creating info/host, you need to edit it appropriately.
Not creating info/access_uri - add it if you wish
Please edit the files in /opt/worker/info appropriately.
worker configured in /opt/worker
$ buildbot-worker start worker
Following twistd.log until startup finished..
The buildbot-worker appears to have (re)started correctly.
日志在worker/twistd.log
快速入门
本章从china-testing拉取代码，调用pytest执行buildbot/hello-world/hello下的单元测试。
配置项目名和URL
$ vi master/master.cfg
# -*- python -*-
# ex: set filetype=python:
from buildbot.plugins import *
# This is a sample buildmaster config file. It must be installed as
# 'master.cfg' in your buildmaster's base directory.
# This is the dictionary that the buildmaster pays attention to. We also use
# a shorter alias to save typing.
c = BuildmasterConfig = {}
####### WORKERS
# The 'workers' list defines the set of recognized workers. Each element is
# a Worker object, specifying a unique worker name and password. The same
# worker name and password must be configured on the worker.
c['workers'] = [worker.Worker("example-worker", "pass")]
# 'protocols' contains information about protocols which master will use for
# communicating with workers. You must define at least 'port' option that workers
# could connect to your master with this protocol.
# 'port' must match the value configured into the workers (with their
# --master option)
c['protocols'] = {'pb': {'port': 9989}}
####### CHANGESOURCES
# the 'change_source' setting tells the buildmaster how it should find out
# about source code changes. Here we point to the buildbot version of a python hello-world project.
c['change_source'] = []
c['change_source'].append(changes.GitPoller(
'git://github.com/china-testing/python-api-tesing.git',
workdir='gitpoller-workdir', branch='master',
pollinterval=300))
####### SCHEDULERS
# Configure the Schedulers, which decide how to react to incoming changes. In this
# case, just kick off a 'runtests' build
c['schedulers'] = []
c['schedulers'].append(schedulers.SingleBranchScheduler(
name="all",
change_filter=util.ChangeFilter(branch='master'),
treeStableTimer=None,
builderNames=["runtests"]))
c['schedulers'].append(schedulers.ForceScheduler(
name="force",
builderNames=["runtests"]))
####### BUILDERS
# The 'builders' list defines the Builders, which tell Buildbot how to perform a build:
# what steps, and which workers can execute them. Note that any particular build will
# only take place on one worker.
factory = util.BuildFactory()
# check out the source
factory.addStep(steps.Git(repourl='git://github.com/china-testing/python-api-tesing.git', mode='incremental'))
# run the tests (note that this will require that 'trial' is installed)
factory.addStep(steps.ShellCommand(command=["pytest", "buildbot/hello-world/hello"]))
c['builders'] = []
c['builders'].append(
util.BuilderConfig(name="runtests",
workernames=["example-worker"],
factory=factory))
####### BUILDBOT SERVICES
# 'services' is a list of BuildbotService items like reporter targets. The
# status of each build will be pushed to these targets. buildbot/reporters/*.py
# has a variety to choose from, like IRC bots.
c['services'] = []
####### PROJECT IDENTITY
# the 'title' string will appear at the top of this buildbot installation's
# home pages (linked to the 'titleURL').
c['title'] = "Hello World CI"
c['titleURL'] = "https://github.com/china-testing/python-api-tesing"
# the 'buildbotURL' string should point to the location where the buildbot's
# internal web server is visible. This typically uses the port number set in
# the 'www' entry below, but with an externally-visible host name which the
# buildbot cannot figure out without some help.
c['buildbotURL'] = "http://localhost:8010/"
# minimalistic config to activate new web UI
c['www'] = dict(port=8010,
plugins=dict(waterfall_view={}, console_view={}, grid_view={}))
####### DB URL
c['db'] = {
# This specifies what database buildbot uses to store its state. You can leave
# this at its default for all but the largest installations.
'db_url' : "sqlite:///state.sqlite",
}
$ $ buildbot reconfig master
sending SIGHUP to process 4194
b'2018-01-24 15:13:07+0800 [-] beginning configuration update'
b"2018-01-24 15:13:07+0800 [-] Loading configuration from '/opt/master/master.cfg'"
b'2018-01-24 15:13:07+0800 [-] /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/buildbot/config.py:102: buildbot.config.ConfigWarning: [0.9.0 and later] `buildbotNetUsageData` is not configured and defaults to basic.'
b'\tThis parameter helps the buildbot development team to understand the installation base.'
b'\tNo personal information is collected.'
b'\tOnly installation software version info and plugin usage is sent.'
b'\tYou can `opt-out` by setting this variable to None.'
b'\tOr `opt-in` for more information by setting it to "full".'
b'\t'
b"2018-01-24 15:13:07+0800 [-] gitpoller: using workdir '/opt/master/gitpoller-workdir'"
b"2018-01-24 15:13:08+0800 [-] initializing www plugin 'waterfall_view'"
b"2018-01-24 15:13:08+0800 [-] initializing www plugin 'console_view'"
b"2018-01-24 15:13:08+0800 [-] initializing www plugin 'grid_view'"
b'2018-01-24 15:13:08+0800 [-] configuration update complete'
Reconfiguration appears to have completed successfully
首次构建
打开：http://localhost:8010/#/builders
点击右上角的force，表单可以什么都不填，点击“Start Build”就会开始构建。
image.png
很快可以看到输出：
SESSION=ubuntu
SESSIONTYPE=gnome-session
SESSION_MANAGER=local/andrew-MS-7A71:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/2824,unix/andrew-MS-7A71:/tmp/.ICE-unix/2824
SHELL=/bin/bash
SHLVL=1
SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh
TERM=xterm
TMDB_API_KEY=ee6623075bcc5519ef16be16e1f139e7
UPSTART_EVENTS=xsession started
UPSTART_INSTANCE=
UPSTART_JOB=unity7
UPSTART_SESSION=unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart-session/1000/2570
USER=andrew
XAUTHORITY=/home/andrew/.Xauthority
XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/usr/share/upstart/xdg:/etc/xdg
XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity
XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/ubuntu:/usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
XDG_GREETER_DATA_DIR=/var/lib/lightdm-data/andrew
XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome-
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
XDG_SEAT=seat0
XDG_SEAT_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0
XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP=ubuntu
XDG_SESSION_ID=c2
XDG_SESSION_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0
XDG_SESSION_TYPE=x11
XDG_VTNR=7
XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
_=/usr/local/bin/buildbot-worker
using PTY: False
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.12, pytest-2.8.7, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1
rootdir: /opt/worker/runtests/build/buildbot/hello-world, inifile:
collected 2 items
buildbot/hello-world/hello/test_hello.py ..
=========================== 2 passed in 0.01 seconds ===========================
program finished with exit code 0
elapsedTime=0.168047
