使用oracle的大数据工具ODCH访问HDFS数据文件
软件下载
Oracle Big Data Connectors：ODCH
下载地址：
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/bdc/big-data-connectors/downloads/index.html
Jave SE 下载地址：
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk6u38-downloads-1877406.html
Oracle11g下载地址：
Oracle Enterprise Linux下载地址：需要注册oracle帐号才能下载：
https://edelivery.oracle.com/linux
安装Oracle服务器
在虚拟机或者物理机下安装都可以：
基本上就是一顿下一步。
然后安装oracle11g，这个真是折腾了好几天
最后按照这篇文章操作，安装成功。
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/fc804254be23482fb4da4c63.html
我觉得这块最好的文章就是oracle的官方给的教程：
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24326/toc.htm
安装hadoop
http://blog.csdn.net/lichangzai/article/details/8206834
遇到问题1：
ssh 免密码登录设置后还是提示需要输入密码
解决方法如下：
chmod 700 ~/.ssh/ chmod 700 /home/userName chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
遇到的问题2：
Agent admitted failure to sign using the key
解決办法：
应用 ssh-add 指令將私钥加进来（名称可能不是 id_rsa）
＃ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Hadoop/Oracle架构
机器部署情况：
| 主机名 |
IP |
系统版本 |
Oracle node |
Hadoop node |
hadoop进程名 |
| Master |
192.168.74.153 |
OEL6.4 |
Oracle11.2.0.2 |
master |
namenode,jobtracker |
| Node1 |
192.168.2.147 |
Ubuntu12.04 |
无 |
slave |
datanode,tasktracker |
| Node2 |
192.168.2.148 |
Ubuntu12.04 |
无 |
slave |
datanode,tasktracker |
主要环境变量：
| 变量名 |
变量值 |
| ORACLE_HOME |
/oracle/11g |
| ORACLE_SID |
orcl |
| HADOOP_HOME |
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2 |
| HADOOP_CONF_DIR |
$HADOOP_HOME/conf |
| OSCH_HOME |
/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0 |
| ORAHDFS_JAR |
$OSCH_HOME/jlib/orahdfs.jar |
| HDFS_BIN_PATH |
/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0 |
| HADOOP_CLASSPATH |
$OSCH_HOME/jlib/* |
按照以上配置。
安装ODCH并设置环境变量
在opt下建立文件夹odch，将文件传到这个目录下解压缩。
/opt/odch
解压缩：
unzip orahdfs-2.2.0.zip
然后添加hadoop\oracle\ODCH主要要环境变量
进入hadoop用户主目录，vi .bash_profile
我的配置如下（可参考）：
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11g export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/usr/X11R6/lib64/ export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop/jdk1.7.0_21/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/conf export OSCH_HOME=/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0 export ORAHDFS_JAR=$OSCH_HOME/jlib/orahdfs.jar export HDFS_BIN_PATH=$OSCH_HOME/bin export JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop/jdk1.7.0_21 export PATH
修改用户组属性：
说明：因为之前的hadoop安装在hadoop系统用户下，而oracle安装在了oracle系统用户下，为了操作方便，使hadoop用户有操作oracle操作库的权限，现在修改hadoop系统用户属组，添加到和oracle同样的用户组下。
--查看之前的用户属组
[hadoop@master ~]$ id hadoop uid=501(hadoop) gid=503(hadoop) groups=503(hadoop) [hadoop@master ~]$ id oracle uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)
--修改用户属组
vi /etc/group --再查看用户组属性 [hadoop@master ~]$ id hadoop uid=501(hadoop) gid=503(hadoop) groups=503(hadoop),501(oinstall),502(dba)
然后重启一下计算机。
启动oracle并测试
连接oracle启动数据库
[hadoop@master Desktop]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Aug 17 11:06:08 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. //启动数据库 SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes Fixed Size 2213896 bytes Variable Size 973080568 bytes Database Buffers 671088640 bytes Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. //显示数据库实例名 SQL> show parameter db_name; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_name string orcl
然后启动oracle的listener
[hadoop@master Desktop]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-AUG-2013 11:21:33 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /opt/oracle/11g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /opt/oracle/11g/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/master/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=master)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 17-AUG-2013 11:21:33 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/11g/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/master/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=master)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully //检查一下状态 [hadoop@master Desktop]$ lsnrctl stat LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-AUG-2013 11:21:53 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 17-AUG-2013 11:21:33 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 19 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/11g/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/master/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=master)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully
配置HDFS_STREAM和建表
进入目录/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/bin，用vi打开hdfs_stream文件，加入如下配置：
export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0 export OSCH_HOME=/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0 export PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
确保oracle用户对$ODCH_LOG_DIR/logs目录有读写权限
因为Oracle用户需要在 {$ODCH_LOG_DIR} 目录中创建log/bad文件，所以要确保oracle用户对$ODCH_LOG_DIR/log目录有读写权限
--修改目录权限，测试读写文件
[root@gc opt]# chmod -R 777 odch/ [root@gc opt]# su - oracle [oracle@gc ~]$ cd /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/log/ [oracle@gc log]$ touch ora_access_test [oracle@gc log]$ rm ora_access_test
配置操作系统目录和数据库的Directory对象
--创建所用的系统目录
[root@gc ~]# mkdir -p /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/logs [root@gc ~]# mkdir -p /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/extdir [root@gc ~]# chmod 777 /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/logs [root@gc ~]# chmod 777 /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/extdir
--创建oracle Directory对象
sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL> create or replace directory ODCH_LOG_DIR as '/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/logs'; Directory created. SQL> grant read, write on directory ODCH_LOG_DIR to SCOTT; Grant succeeded. SQL> create or replace directory ODCH_DATA_DIR as '/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/extdir'; Directory created. SQL> grant read, write on directory ODCH_DATA_DIR to SCOTT; Grant succeeded. SQL> create or replace directory HDFS_BIN_PATH as '/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/bin'; Directory created. SQL> grant execute on directory HDFS_BIN_PATH to SCOTT; Grant succeeded. SQL> grant read, write on directory HDFS_BIN_PATH to SCOTT; Grant succeeded.
--目录对象说明
HDFS_BIN_PATH:：hdfs_stream脚本所在目录.
HDFS_DATA_DIR：用来存放“位置文件”(location files)的目录。“位置文件”(location files) 是一个配置文件，里面包含HDFS的文件路径/文件名以及文件编码格式。
ODCH_LOG_DIR：Oracle用来存放外部表的log/bad等文件的目录.
创建oracle外部表：
conn scott/tiger 在登录的时候提示： ORA-28000: the account is locked ALTER USER scott ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
连上之后然后创建表：
CREATE TABLE odch_ext_table ( ID NUMBER ,OWNER VARCHAR2(128) ,NAME VARCHAR2(128) ,MODIFIED DATE ,Val NUMBER ) ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL (TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTORY ODCH_DATA_DIR ACCESS PARAMETERS ( records delimited by newline preprocessor HDFS_BIN_PATH:hdfs_stream badfile ODCH_LOG_DIR:'odch_ext_table%a_%p.bad' logfile ODCH_LOG_DIR:'odch_ext_table%a_%p.log' fields terminated by ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' missing field values are null ( ID DECIMAL EXTERNAL, OWNER CHAR(200), NAME CHAR(200), MODIFIED CHAR DATE_FORMAT DATE MASK "YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS", Val DECIMAL EXTERNAL ) ) LOCATION ('Tmpdata.csv') ) PARALLEL REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
准备示例文件
--示例文件内容
在附件中Tmpdata.csv
1,SYS,ORA$BASE,15-AUG-09,11 2,SYS,DUAL,15-AUG-09,116 3,PUBLIC,DUAL,15-AUG-09,33 4,PUBLIC,MAP_OBJECT,15-AUG-09,55
文件的准备过程：
Tmpdata.csv文件是我们通过all_objects生成的，SQL脚本为：select rownum,owner,object_name,created,data_object_id from all_objects
-- 建立存储过程 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE SQL_TO_CSV ( P_QUERY IN VARCHAR2, -- PLSQL文 P_DIR IN VARCHAR2, -- 导出的文件放置目录 P_FILENAME IN VARCHAR2 -- CSV名 ) IS L_OUTPUT UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE; L_THECURSOR INTEGER DEFAULT DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR; L_COLUMNVALUE VARCHAR2(4000); L_STATUS INTEGER; L_COLCNT NUMBER := 0; L_SEPARATOR VARCHAR2(1); L_DESCTBL DBMS_SQL.DESC_TAB; P_MAX_LINESIZE NUMBER := 32000; BEGIN --OPEN FILE L_OUTPUT := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(P_DIR, P_FILENAME, 'W', P_MAX_LINESIZE); --DEFINE DATE FORMAT EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT=''YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'''; --OPEN CURSOR DBMS_SQL.PARSE( L_THECURSOR, P_QUERY, DBMS_SQL.NATIVE ); DBMS_SQL.DESCRIBE_COLUMNS( L_THECURSOR, L_COLCNT, L_DESCTBL ); --DUMP TABLE COLUMN NAME FOR I IN 1 .. L_COLCNT LOOP UTL_FILE.PUT( L_OUTPUT, L_SEPARATOR || '”' || L_DESCTBL(I).COL_NAME || '”' ); DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN( L_THECURSOR, I, L_COLUMNVALUE, 4000 ); L_SEPARATOR := ','; END LOOP; UTL_FILE.NEW_LINE( L_OUTPUT ); --EXECUTE THE QUERY STATEMENT L_STATUS := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE(L_THECURSOR); --DUMP TABLE COLUMN VALUE WHILE ( DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS(L_THECURSOR) > 0 ) LOOP L_SEPARATOR := ''; FOR I IN 1 .. L_COLCNT LOOP DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE( L_THECURSOR, I, L_COLUMNVALUE ); UTL_FILE.PUT( L_OUTPUT, L_SEPARATOR || '”' || TRIM(BOTH ' ' FROM REPLACE(L_COLUMNVALUE,'”','””')) || '”'); L_SEPARATOR := ','; END LOOP; UTL_FILE.NEW_LINE( L_OUTPUT ); END LOOP; --CLOSE CURSOR DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(L_THECURSOR); --CLOSE FILE UTL_FILE.FCLOSE( L_OUTPUT ); EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN RAISE; END; / -- 创建存放文件的目录 CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY MYDIR AS 'C:\'; -- 执行块 begin sql_to_csv('select * from au_jxs ','MYDIR','EXAMPLE.CSV'); end; /
其中路径文件名等可根据实际情况修改。
启动hadoop
[hadoop@master ~]$ start-all.sh Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated. starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out node1: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-node1.out node2: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-node2.out master: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master.out starting jobtracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-master.out node1: starting tasktracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-node1.out node2: starting tasktracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-node2.out
--先在Hadoop中建立一个目录，然后把empxt*.dat放入该目录中
[hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop dfs -mkdir odch Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated. [hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop dfs -put Tmpdata.csv odch Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated. [hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop dfs -ls odch Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated. [hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop dfs -ls odch Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated. Found 1 items -rw-r--r-- 2 hadoop supergroup 113 2013-08-18 21:41 /user/hadoop/odch/Tmpdata.csv
生成位置文件
--执行下面的命令
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH="$OSCH_HOME/jlib/*"
[hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop jar \ > ${ORAHDFS_JAR} oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.ExternalTable \ > -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.tableName=odch_ext_table \ > -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.datasetPaths=odch \ > -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.datasetRegex=Tmpdata.csv \ > -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.connection.url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@//192.168.74.153:1521/orcl" \ > -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.connection.user=SCOTT \ > -publish Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated. DEPRECATED: The class oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.ExternalTable is deprecated. It is replaced by oracle.hadoop.exttab.ExternalTable. Oracle SQL Connector for HDFS Release 2.2.0 - Production Copyright (c) 2011, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. [Enter Database Password:] The publish command succeeded. ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."ODCH_EXT_TABLE" LOCATION ( 'osch-20130818094259-1319-1' ); The following location files were created. osch-20130818094259-1319-1 contains 1 URI, 113 bytes 113 hdfs://master:9000/user/hadoop/odch/Tmpdata.csv The following location files were deleted.
参数说明：
ExternalTable:使用hadoop ExternalTable命令工具
-D:指定相关参数
tableName:外部表名字
datasetPaths:源数据存放路径（HDFS）
datasetRegex:数据源格式
connection.url:oracle数据库连接串
connection.user:数据库用户名scott
命令执行后还要输入用户名密码：oracle
修改参数：
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."ODCH_EXT_TABLE" LOCATION ( 'osch-20130818094259-1319-1' );
查看位置文件内容和外链表信息
进入extdir目录：
[hadoop@master ~]$ cd /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/extdir/ [hadoop@master extdir]$ ls osch-20130818083220-7675-1 osch-20130818084052-4686-1 osch-20130818085941-2623-1 osch-20130818094259-1319-1 [hadoop@master extdir]$ more osch-20130818094259-1319-1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <locationFile> <header> <version>1.0</version> <fileName>osch-20130818094259-1319-1</fileName> <createDate>2013-08-18T21:15:40</createDate> <publishDate>2013-08-18T09:42:59</publishDate> <productName>Oracle SQL Connector for HDFS Release 2.2.0 - Production</productName> <productVersion>2.2.0</productVersion> </header> <uri_list> <uri_list_item size="113" compressionCodec="">hdfs://master:9000/user/hadoop/odch/Tmpdata.csv</uri_list_item > </uri_list> </locationFile>
可以看出上面有了到hadoop的指向信息。
查看外链到hadoop表信息：
在scott用户查看：
SQL> set line 150 pages 1000; SQL> col owner for a10 SQL> col name for a20 SQL> select * from odch_ext_table; ID OWNER NAME MODIFIED VAL ---------- ---------- -------------------- --------- ---------- 1 SYS ORA$BASE 09-AUG-15 11 2 SYS DUAL 09-AUG-15 116 3 PUBLIC DUAL 09-AUG-15 33 4 PUBLIC MAP_OBJECT 09-AUG-15 55
这些就是查询到的hadoop中的数据信息。
