C# Task用法-低调大师

C# Task用法

2018-08-20 736

原文: C# Task用法

1、Task的优势
　　ThreadPool相比Thread来说具备了很多优势，但是ThreadPool却又存在一些使用上的不方便。比如：
　　◆ ThreadPool不支持线程的取消、完成、失败通知等交互性操作；
　　◆ ThreadPool不支持线程执行的先后次序；
　　以往，如果开发者要实现上述功能，需要完成很多额外的工作，现在，FCL中提供了一个功能更强大的概念：Task。Task在线程池的基础上进行了优化，并提供了更多的API。在FCL4.0中，如果我们要编写多线程程序，Task显然已经优于传统的方式。
　　以下是一个简单的任务示例：

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Task t = new Task(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("任务开始工作……");
                //模拟工作过程
                Thread.Sleep(5000);
            });
            t.Start();
            t.ContinueWith((task) =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("任务完成，完成时候的状态为：");
                Console.WriteLine("IsCanceled={0}\tIsCompleted={1}\tIsFaulted={2}", task.IsCanceled, task.IsCompleted, task.IsFaulted);
            });
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Program

2、Task的用法
　　2.1、创建任务
　　无返回值的方式
　　方式1:
　　var t1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 1"));
　　t1.Start();
　　Task.WaitAll(t1);//等待所有任务结束
　　注:
　　任务的状态:
　　Start之前为:Created
　　Start之后为:WaitingToRun

　　方式2:
　　Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 2"));

　　方式3:
　　Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 3")); 直接异步的方法
　　或者
　　var t3=Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 3"));
　　Task.WaitAll(t3);//等待所有任务结束
　　注:
　　任务的状态:
　　Start之前为:Running
　　Start之后为:Running

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var t1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 1"));
            var t2 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 2"));
            t2.Start();
            t1.Start();
            Task.WaitAll(t1, t2);
            Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 3"));
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 4"));
            //标记为长时间运行任务,则任务不会使用线程池,而在单独的线程中运行。
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 5"), TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);

            #region 常规的使用方式
            Console.WriteLine("主线程执行业务处理.");
            //创建任务
            Task task = new Task(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("使用System.Threading.Tasks.Task执行异步操作.");
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(i);
                }
            });
            //启动任务,并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
            task.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理");
            task.Wait();
            #endregion

            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static void TaskMethod(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
        }
    }
}

Program

　　async/await的实现方式:

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        async static void AsyncFunction()
        {
            await Task.Delay(1);
            Console.WriteLine("使用System.Threading.Tasks.Task执行异步操作.");
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("AsyncFunction:i={0}", i));
            }
        }

        public static void Main()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("主线程执行业务处理.");
            AsyncFunction();
            Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理");
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Main:i={0}", i));
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

Program

　　带返回值的方式
　　方式4:
　　Task<int> task = CreateTask("Task 1");
　　task.Start();
　　int result = task.Result;

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static Task<int> CreateTask(string name)
        {
            return new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod(name));
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            TaskMethod("Main Thread Task");
            Task<int> task = CreateTask("Task 1");
            task.Start();
            int result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Task 1 Result is: {0}", result);

            task = CreateTask("Task 2");
            //该任务会运行在主线程中
            task.RunSynchronously();
            result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Task 2 Result is: {0}", result);

            task = CreateTask("Task 3");
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            task.Start();

            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5));
            }

            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Task 3 Result is: {0}", result);

            #region 常规使用方式
            //创建任务
            Task<int> getsumtask = new Task<int>(() => Getsum());
            //启动任务,并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
            getsumtask.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理");
            //等待任务的完成执行过程。
            getsumtask.Wait();
            //获得任务的执行结果
            Console.WriteLine("任务执行结果：{0}", getsumtask.Result.ToString());
            #endregion
        }

        static int TaskMethod(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
            return 42;
        }

        static int Getsum()
        {
            int sum = 0;
            Console.WriteLine("使用Task执行异步操作.");
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                sum += i;
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }
}

Program

async/await的实现:

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            var ret1 = AsyncGetsum();
            Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理");
            for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
                Console.WriteLine("Call Main()");
            int result = ret1.Result;                  //阻塞主线程
            Console.WriteLine("任务执行结果：{0}", result);
        }

        async static Task<int> AsyncGetsum()
        {
            await Task.Delay(1);
            int sum = 0;
            Console.WriteLine("使用Task执行异步操作.");
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                sum += i;
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }
}

Program

　　2.2、组合任务.ContinueWith
　　简单Demo:

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            //创建一个任务
            Task<int> task = new Task<int>(() =>
            {
                int sum = 0;
                Console.WriteLine("使用Task执行异步操作.");
                for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
                {
                    sum += i;
                }
                return sum;
            });
            //启动任务,并安排到当前任务队列线程中执行任务(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
            task.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("主线程执行其他处理");
            //任务完成时执行处理。
            Task cwt = task.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("任务完成后的执行结果：{0}", t.Result.ToString());
            });
            task.Wait();
            cwt.Wait();
        }
    }
}

Program

　　任务的串行:

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ConcurrentStack<int> stack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            //t1先串行
            var t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                stack.Push(1);
                stack.Push(2);
            });

            //t2,t3并行执行
            var t2 = t1.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                int result;
                stack.TryPop(out result);
                Console.WriteLine("Task t2 result={0},Thread id {1}", result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            });

            //t2,t3并行执行
            var t3 = t1.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                int result;
                stack.TryPop(out result);
                Console.WriteLine("Task t3 result={0},Thread id {1}", result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            });

            //等待t2和t3执行完
            Task.WaitAll(t2, t3);

            //t7串行执行
            var t4 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("当前集合元素个数：{0},Thread id {1}", stack.Count, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            });
            t4.Wait();
        }
    }
}

Program

　　子任务:

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            Task<string[]> parent = new Task<string[]>(state =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine(state);
                string[] result = new string[2];
                //创建并启动子任务
                new Task(() => { result[0] = "我是子任务1。"; }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start();
                new Task(() => { result[1] = "我是子任务2。"; }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start();
                return result;
            }, "我是父任务，并在我的处理过程中创建多个子任务，所有子任务完成以后我才会结束执行。");
            //任务处理完成后执行的操作
            parent.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                Array.ForEach(t.Result, r => Console.WriteLine(r));
            });
            //启动父任务
            parent.Start();
            //等待任务结束 Wait只能等待父线程结束,没办法等到父线程的ContinueWith结束
            //parent.Wait();
            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }
}

Program

　　动态并行(TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent) 父任务等待所有子任务完成后整个任务才算完成

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Node
    {
        public Node Left { get; set; }
        public Node Right { get; set; }
        public string Text { get; set; }
    }


    class Program
    {
        static Node GetNode()
        {
            Node root = new Node
            {
                Left = new Node
                {
                    Left = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "L-L"
                    },
                    Right = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "L-R"
                    },
                    Text = "L"
                },
                Right = new Node
                {
                    Left = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "R-L"
                    },
                    Right = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "R-R"
                    },
                    Text = "R"
                },
                Text = "Root"
            };
            return root;
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Node root = GetNode();
            DisplayTree(root);
        }

        static void DisplayTree(Node root)
        {
            var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(root),
                                            CancellationToken.None,
                                            TaskCreationOptions.None,
                                            TaskScheduler.Default);
            task.Wait();
        }

        static void DisplayNode(Node current)
        {

            if (current.Left != null)
                Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(current.Left),
                                            CancellationToken.None,
                                            TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent,
                                            TaskScheduler.Default);
            if (current.Right != null)
                Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(current.Right),
                                            CancellationToken.None,
                                            TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent,
                                            TaskScheduler.Default);
            Console.WriteLine("当前节点的值为{0};处理的ThreadId={1}", current.Text, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        }
    }
}

Program

　　2.3、取消任务 CancellationTokenSource

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        private static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds, CancellationToken token)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            for (int i = 0; i < seconds; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
                if (token.IsCancellationRequested) return -1;
            }
            return 42 * seconds;
        }

        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            var longTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 1", 10, cts.Token), cts.Token);
            Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status);
            cts.Cancel();
            Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status);
            Console.WriteLine("First task has been cancelled before execution");
            cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            longTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 2", 10, cts.Token), cts.Token);
            longTask.Start();
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5));
                Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status);
            }
            cts.Cancel();
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5));
                Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status);
            }

            Console.WriteLine("A task has been completed with result {0}.", longTask.Result);
        }
    }
}

Program

　　2.4、处理任务中的异常
　　单个任务:

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(seconds));
            throw new Exception("Boom!");
            return 42 * seconds;
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Task<int> task = Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 2", 2));
                int result = task.GetAwaiter().GetResult();
                Console.WriteLine("Result: {0}", result);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Task 2 Exception caught: {0}", ex.Message);
            }
            Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------");
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }
}

Program

　　多个任务:

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(seconds));
            throw new Exception(string.Format("Task {0} Boom!", name));
            return 42 * seconds;
        }


        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                var t1 = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 3", 3));
                var t2 = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 4", 2));
                var complexTask = Task.WhenAll(t1, t2);
                var exceptionHandler = complexTask.ContinueWith(t =>
                        Console.WriteLine("Result: {0}", t.Result),
                        TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted
                    );
                t1.Start();
                t2.Start();
                Task.WaitAll(t1, t2);
            }
            catch (AggregateException ex)
            {
                ex.Handle(exception =>
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(exception.Message);
                    return true;
                });
            }
        }
    }
}

Program

async/await的方式:

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task ThrowNotImplementedExceptionAsync()
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        static async Task ThrowInvalidOperationExceptionAsync()
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException();
        }

        static async Task Normal()
        {
            await Fun();
        }

        static Task Fun()
        {
            return Task.Run(() =>
            {
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("i={0}", i);
                    Thread.Sleep(200);
                }
            });
        }

        static async Task ObserveOneExceptionAsync()
        {
            var task1 = ThrowNotImplementedExceptionAsync();
            var task2 = ThrowInvalidOperationExceptionAsync();
            var task3 = Normal();


            try
            {
                //异步的方式
                Task allTasks = Task.WhenAll(task1, task2, task3);
                await allTasks;
                //同步的方式
                //Task.WaitAll(task1, task2, task3);
            }
            catch (NotImplementedException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("task1 任务报错!");
            }
            catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("task2 任务报错!");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("任务报错!");
            }

        }

        public static void Main()
        {
            Task task = ObserveOneExceptionAsync();
            Console.WriteLine("主线程继续运行........");
            task.Wait();
        }
    }
}

Program

　　2.5、Task.FromResult的应用

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static IDictionary<string, string> cache = new Dictionary<string, string>()
        {
            {"0001","A"},
            {"0002","B"},
            {"0003","C"},
            {"0004","D"},
            {"0005","E"},
            {"0006","F"},
        };

        public static void Main()
        {
            Task<string> task = GetValueFromCache("0006");
            Console.WriteLine("主程序继续执行。。。。");
            string result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("result={0}", result);

        }

        private static Task<string> GetValueFromCache(string key)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("GetValueFromCache开始执行。。。。");
            string result = string.Empty;
            //Task.Delay(5000);
            Thread.Sleep(5000);
            Console.WriteLine("GetValueFromCache继续执行。。。。");
            if (cache.TryGetValue(key, out result))
            {
                return Task.FromResult(result);
            }
            return Task.FromResult("");
        }

    }
}

Program

　　2.6、使用IProgress实现异步编程的进程通知
　　IProgress<in T>只提供了一个方法void Report(T value)，通过Report方法把一个T类型的值报告给IProgress,然后IProgress<in T>的实现类Progress<in T>的构造函数接收类型为Action<T>的形参，通过这个委托让进度显示在UI界面中。

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void DoProcessing(IProgress<int> progress)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(100);
                if (progress != null)
                {
                    progress.Report(i);
                }
            }
        }

        static async Task Display()
        {
            //当前线程
            var progress = new Progress<int>(percent =>
            {
                Console.Clear();
                Console.Write("{0}%", percent);
            });
            //线程池线程
            await Task.Run(() => DoProcessing(progress));
            Console.WriteLine("");
            Console.WriteLine("结束");
        }

        public static void Main()
        {
            Task task = Display();
            task.Wait();
        }
    }
}

Program

　　2.7、Factory.FromAsync的应用 (简APM模式(委托)转换为任务)(BeginXXX和EndXXX)
　　带回调方式的

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        private delegate string AsynchronousTask(string threadName);

        private static string Test(string threadName)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Starting...");
            Console.WriteLine("Is thread pool thread: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName;
            return string.Format("Thread name: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
        }

        private static void Callback(IAsyncResult ar)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Starting a callback...");
            Console.WriteLine("State passed to a callbak: {0}", ar.AsyncState);
            Console.WriteLine("Is thread pool thread: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Console.WriteLine("Thread pool worker thread id: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        }

        //执行的流程是 先执行Test--->Callback--->task.ContinueWith
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            AsynchronousTask d = Test;
            Console.WriteLine("Option 1");
            Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.FromAsync(
                d.BeginInvoke("AsyncTaskThread", Callback, "a delegate asynchronous call"), d.EndInvoke);

            task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Callback is finished, now running a continuation! Result: {0}",
                t.Result));

            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5));
            }
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);

        }
    }
}

Program

　　不带回调方式的

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        private delegate string AsynchronousTask(string threadName);

        private static string Test(string threadName)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Starting...");
            Console.WriteLine("Is thread pool thread: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName;
            return string.Format("Thread name: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
        }

        //执行的流程是 先执行Test--->task.ContinueWith
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            AsynchronousTask d = Test;
            Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.FromAsync(
                d.BeginInvoke, d.EndInvoke, "AsyncTaskThread", "a delegate asynchronous call");
            task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Task is completed, now running a continuation! Result: {0}",
                t.Result));
            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5));
            }
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);

        }
    }
}

Program

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认识Java中的线程

认识Java中的线程前言：最近在看Java中的并发，做了笔记，但是还是觉得记录一下比较好，加深理解。同时这个模块可能有很多篇文章更新，笔者会抽时间更新，如果文章中有错误，欢迎指正！！在进入正文前，，我们先来讲解一下基本的概念，线程是什么？进程又是啥？一、线程与进程 1、进程是程序运行资源分配的最小单位进程是操作系统进行资源分配的最小单位，其中资源包括：CPU、内存空间、磁盘IO等，同一进程中的多条线程共享该进程中的全部系统资源，而进程和进程之间是相互独立的。进程是具有一定独立功能的程序关于某个数据集合上的一次运行活动，进程是系统进行资源分配和调度的一个独立单位。进程是程序在计算机上的一次执行活动。当你运行一个程序，你就启动了一个进程。 2、线程是CPU调度的最小单位，必须依赖进程而存在线程是进程的一个实体，是CPU调度和分派的基本单位，它是比进程更小的、能独立运行的基本单位。线程自己基本上不拥有系统资源，只拥有一点在运行中必不可少的资源（如程序计数器，一组寄存器和栈），但是它可与同属一个进程的其他的线程共享进程所拥有的全部资源。二、线程中的生命周期 1、生命周期中的5个...

2018-08-20

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(码友推荐)2018-08-21 .NET及相关开发资讯速递

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