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0027-如何在CDH集群启用Kerberos

日期：2018-11-19点击：466收藏

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1.文档编写目的

本文档讲述如何在CDH集群启用及配置Kerberos，您将学习到以下知识：

1.如何安装及配置KDC服务

2.如何通过CDH启用Kerberos

3.如何登录Kerberos并访问Hadoop相关服务

文档主要分为以下几步：

1.安装及配置KDC服务

2.CDH集群启用Kerberos

3.Kerberos使用

这篇文档将重点介绍如何在CDH集群启用及配置Kerberos，并基于以下假设：

1.CDH集群运行正常

2.集群未启用Kerberos

3.MySQL 5.1.73

以下是本次测试环境，但不是本操作手册的必需环境：

1.操作系统：CentOS 6.5

2.CDH和CM版本为5.12.0

3.采用root用户进行操作

2.KDC服务安装及配置

本文档中将KDC服务安装在Cloudera Manager Server所在服务器上（KDC服务可根据自己需要安装在其他服务器）

1.在Cloudera Manager服务器上安装KDC服务

[root@ip-172-31-6-148~]# yum -y install krb5-serverkrb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation

2.修改/etc/krb5.conf配置

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 fayson_r]# vim /etc/krb5.conf [logging] default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log [libdefaults] default_realm = FAYSON.COM dns_lookup_realm = false dns_lookup_kdc = false ticket_lifetime = 24h renew_lifetime = 7d forwardable = true [realms] FAYSON.COM = { kdc = ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com admin_server = ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com } [domain_realm] .ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com = FAYSON.COM ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com = FAYSON.COM

标红部分为需要修改的信息。

3.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl配置

[root@ip-172-31-6-148~]# vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl */admin@FAYSON.COM *

4.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf配置

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf [kdcdefaults] kdc_ports = 88 kdc_tcp_ports = 88 [realms] FAYSON.COM= { #master_key_type = aes256-cts max_renewable_life= 7d 0h 0m 0s acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab supported_enctypes = aes256-cts:normal aes128-cts:normal des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hmac:normal des-hmac-sha1:n ormal des-cbc-md5:normal des-cbc-crc:normal }

标红部分为需要修改的配置。

5.创建Kerberos数据库

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# kdb5_util create –r FAYSON.COM -s Loading random data Initializing database '/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/principal' for realm 'FAYSON.COM', master key name 'K/M@FAYSON.COM' You will be prompted for the database Master Password. It is important that you NOT FORGET this password. Enter KDC database master key: Re-enter KDC database master key to verify:

此处需要输入Kerberos数据库的密码。

6.创建Kerberos的管理账号

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# kadmin.local Authenticating as principal fayson/admin@CLOUDERA.COM with password. kadmin.local: addprinc admin/admin@FAYSON.COM WARNING: no policy specified for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy Enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM": Re-enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM": Principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM" created. kadmin.local: exit [root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]#

标红部分为Kerberos管理员账号，需要输入管理员密码。

7.将Kerberos服务添加到自启动服务，并启动krb5kdc和kadmin服务

[root@ip-172-31-6-148~]# chkconfig krb5kdc on [root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# chkconfig kadmin on [root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# service krb5kdc start Starting Kerberos 5 KDC: [ OK ] [root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# service kadmin start Starting Kerberos 5 Admin Server: [ OK ] [root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]#

8.测试Kerberos的管理员账号

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# kinit admin/admin@FAYSON.COM Password for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM: [root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# klist Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 Default principal: admin/admin@FAYSON.COM Valid starting Expires Service principal 09/05/17 16:39:17 09/06/17 16:39:17 krbtgt/FAYSON.COM@FAYSON.COM renew until 09/12/17 16:39:17 [root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]#

9.为集群安装所有Kerberos客户端，包括Cloudera Manager

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]# yum -y install krb5-libs krb5-workstation

10.在Cloudera Manager Server服务器上安装额外的包

[root@ip-172-31-6-148cdh-shell-master]# yum -y install openldap-clients

11.将KDC Server上的krb5.conf文件拷贝到所有Kerberos客户端

[root@ip-172-31-6-148cdh-shell-master]# scp -r /etc/krb5.conf root@172.31.5.190:/etc/

此处使用脚本进行拷贝

[root@ip-172-31-6-148cdh-shell-master]# sh b.sh node.list /etc/krb5.conf /etc/ krb5.conf 100% 451 0.4KB/s 00:00 krb5.conf 100% 451 0.4KB/s 00:00 krb5.conf 100% 451 0.4KB/s 00:00 krb5.conf 100% 451 0.4KB/s 00:00 [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]#

3.CDH集群启用Kerberos

1.在KDC中给Cloudera Manager添加管理员账号

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kadmin.local Authenticating as principal admin/admin@FAYSON.COM with password. kadmin.local: addprinc cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM WARNING: no policy specified for cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy Enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM": Re-enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM": Principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM" created. kadmin.local: exit [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]#

2.进入Cloudera Manager的“管理”-> “安全”界面

3.选择“启用Kerberos”，进入如下界面

确保如下列出的所有检查项都已完成

4.点击“继续”，配置相关的KDC信息，包括类型、KDC服务器、KDC Realm、加密类型以及待创建的Service Principal（hdfs，yarn,，hbase，hive等）的更新生命期等

5.点击“继续”

6.不建议让Cloudera Manager来管理krb5.conf, 点击“继续”

7.输入Cloudera Manager的Kerbers管理员账号，必须和之前创建的账号一致，点击“继续”

8.等待启用Kerberos完成，点击“继续”

9.点击“继续”

10.勾选重启集群，点击“继续”

11.等待集群重启成功，点击“继续”

至此已成功启用Kerberos。

4.Kerberos使用

使用fayson用户运行MapReduce任务及操作Hive，需要在集群所有节点创建fayson用户。

1.使用kadmin创建一个fayson的principal

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kadmin.local Authenticating as principal admin/admin@FAYSON.COM with password. kadmin.local: addprinc fayson@FAYSON.COM WARNING: no policy specified for fayson@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy Enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM": Re-enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM": Principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM" created. kadmin.local: exit [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]#

2.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kdestroy [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kinit fayson Password for fayson@FAYSON.COM: [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# klist Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 Default principal: fayson@FAYSON.COM Valid starting Expires Service principal 09/05/17 17:19:08 09/06/17 17:19:08 krbtgt/FAYSON.COM@FAYSON.COM renew until 09/12/17 17:19:08 [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]#

3.运行MapReduce作业

[root@ip-172-31-6-148~]# hadoop jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce/hadoop-examples.jar pi 10 1 ... Starting Job 17/09/02 20:10:43 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1504383005209_0001 17/09/02 20:10:56 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1504383005209_0001 running in ubermode : false 17/09/02 20:10:56 INFO mapreduce.Job: map0% reduce 0% 17/09/02 20:11:09 INFO mapreduce.Job: map20% reduce 0% 17/09/02 20:11:12 INFO mapreduce.Job: map40% reduce 0% 17/09/02 20:11:13 INFO mapreduce.Job: map50% reduce 0% 17/09/02 20:11:15 INFO mapreduce.Job: map60% reduce 0% 17/09/02 20:11:16 INFO mapreduce.Job: map70% reduce 0% 17/09/02 20:11:19 INFO mapreduce.Job: map80% reduce 0% 17/09/02 20:11:21 INFO mapreduce.Job: map100% reduce 0% 17/09/02 20:11:26 INFO mapreduce.Job: map100% reduce 100% 17/09/02 20:11:26 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1504383005209_0001 completedsuccessfully

4.使用beeline连接hive进行测试

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# beeline Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com@FAYSON.COM ... Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables; ... INFO : OK +-------------+--+ | tab_name | +-------------+--+ | test_table | +-------------+--+ 1 row selected (0.194 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from test_table; ... INFO : OK +----------------+----------------+--+ | test_table.s1 | test_table.s2 | +----------------+----------------+--+ | 4 | lisi | | 1 | test | | 2 | fayson | | 3 | zhangsan | +----------------+----------------+--+ 4 rows selected (0.144 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

运行Hive MapReduce作业

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from test_table; ... INFO : OK +------+--+ | _c0 | +------+--+ | 4 | +------+--+ 1 row selected (35.779 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

5.常见问题

1.使用Kerberos用户身份运行MapReduce作业报错

main : run as user is fayson main : requested yarn user is fayson Requested user fayson is not whitelisted and has id 501,whichis below the minimum allowed 1000 Failing this attempt. Failing the application. 17/09/02 20:05:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 0 Job Finished in 6.184 seconds java.io.FileNotFoundException: File does not exist:hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148:8020/user/fayson/QuasiMonteCarlo_1504382696029_1308422444/out/reduce-out at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1266) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258) at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258) at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1820) at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1844) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.estimatePi(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:314) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.run(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:354) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:70) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.main(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:363) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethod) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:71) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.run(ProgramDriver.java:144) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:74) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethod) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) atorg.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)