Openstack REST API-低调大师

Openstack REST API

2014-08-22 715

There are some high quality resources that already cover the OpenStack API, so this is a YEA (yet another example) post. See the resources section below for some helpful links.

OpenStack APIs provide access to all OpenStack components, such as nova (compute), glance (VM images), swift (object storage), cinder (block storage), keystone (authentication) and neutron (networking). Authentication tokens are valid for a fixed duration, after which they expire and must be replaced. Each service requires it’s own token. Services that are hosted on the same logical server are typically accessible over different ports.

OpenStack APIs are RESTful, which means there are many ways to use them. In this post I’ll demonstrate three approaches that should provide clarity into their structure.

Command Line Interface (CLI)
cURL
REST Client

In this post I don’t cover programming against the REST APIs, but instead focus just on how they work. This work builds on my OpenStack development post.

Command Line Interface (CLI)

Command Line Interfaces used to manage OpenStack components make use of the REST APIs behind the scenes: a rather smart design choice on the part of the OpenStack community. This brings consistency to OpenStack management efforts and discourages disparity between standard tooling (CLI) and custom tooling (direct API access).

Credentials are required to access the REST APIs. For the command line client, these credentials are stored as environment variables. If you’re using DevStack, you can use the openrc script to automatically setup your environment.

source openrc admin admin

Some clients support a debug option that will output full details about the request and response cycle. Raw request and response details can be helpful when learning the APIs or creating programmatic access libraries that wrap the APIs. Here’s an example that will list the flavors available.

$ nova --debug flavor-list

REQ: curl -i 'http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:5000/v2.0/tokens' -X POST -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "User-Agent: python-novaclient" -d '{"auth": {"tenantName": "admin", "passwordCredentials": {"username": "admin", "password": "{SHA1}95397c42a173838417806ce19d78f133ae6baa24"}}}'

INFO (connectionpool:258) Starting new HTTP connection (1): proxy.houston.hp.com

DEBUG (connectionpool:375) Setting read timeout to 600.0

DEBUG (connectionpool:415) "POST http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:5000/v2.0/tokens HTTP/1.1" 200 6823

RESP: [200] CaseInsensitiveDict({'content-length': '6823', 'proxy-connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'vary': 'X-Auth-Token', 'server': 'Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu)', 'connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'date': 'Thu, 21 Aug 2014 19:09:21 GMT', 'content-type': 'application/json'})

RESP BODY: {"access": {"token": {"issued_at": "2014-08-21T19:09:21.692110", "expires": "2014-08-21T20:09:21Z", "id": "{SHA1}99ff604f28f5706bfd82a00c21e099cba7fafab2", "tenant": {"enabled": true, "description": null, "name": "admin", "id": "32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d"}}, "serviceCatalog": [{"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "id": "03d570ce41c04daeb7ffa274c20435f0"}], "type": "compute", "name": "nova"}, {"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8776/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8776/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8776/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "id": "20d2caebf4814e1bb2c05f30a4802a2c"}], "type": "volumev2", "name": "cinderv2"}, {"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v3", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v3", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v3", "id": "47f43a622264422f8980f3b0fbac5f00"}], "type": "computev3", "name": "novav3"}, {"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:3333", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:3333", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:3333", "id": "149e00e61cc543cf94ae6162f79d9f00"}], "type": "s3", "name": "s3"}, {"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:9292", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:9292", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:9292", "id": "1b7a45b6d1c840978491250fd1a67204"}], "type": "image", "name": "glance"}, {"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8000/v1", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8000/v1", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8000/v1", "id": "0b8abc323d884a0aa657bcb2f0274ee5"}], "type": "cloudformation", "name": "heat-cfn"}, {"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8776/v1/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8776/v1/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8776/v1/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "id": "63675bf8e9a04d199cffafb7b8354b05"}], "type": "volume", "name": "cinder"}, {"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8773/services/Admin", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8773/services/Cloud", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8773/services/Cloud", "id": "520de40a96ea47c4a08c3ae5e0a8243c"}], "type": "ec2", "name": "ec2"}, {"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8004/v1/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8004/v1/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8004/v1/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "id": "0dcff3f004ff4c9b9b96d012e47d2edb"}], "type": "orchestration", "name": "heat"}, {"endpoints_links": [], "endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:35357/v2.0", "region": "RegionOne", "publicURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:5000/v2.0", "internalURL": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:5000/v2.0", "id": "6f43e35702844e149dde900124c352bf"}], "type": "identity", "name": "keystone"}], "user": {"username": "admin", "roles_links": [], "id": "b9936b16c5d343588f5a19d31a55c1ea", "roles": [{"name": "_member_"}, {"name": "heat_stack_owner"}, {"name": "admin"}], "name": "admin"}, "metadata": {"is_admin": 0, "roles": ["9fe2ff9ee4384b1894a90878d3e92bab", "c28444beb7e64b4ea2ea223a6efcba6a", "3ea10423929b47779f977e11015fe480"]}}}

REQ: curl -i 'http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/detail' -X GET -H "Accept: application/json" -H "User-Agent: python-novaclient" -H "X-Auth-Project-Id: admin" -H "X-Auth-Token: {SHA1}99ff604f28f5706bfd82a00c21e099cba7fafab2"

INFO (connectionpool:258) Starting new HTTP connection (1): proxy.houston.hp.com

DEBUG (connectionpool:375) Setting read timeout to 600.0

DEBUG (connectionpool:415) "GET http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/detail HTTP/1.1" 200 3337

RESP: [200] CaseInsensitiveDict({'content-length': '3337', 'proxy-connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'x-compute-request-id': 'req-802ef8c9-d4a3-41e5-a93d-7ab2120089db', 'connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'date': 'Thu, 21 Aug 2014 19:09:24 GMT', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'age': '0'})

RESP BODY: {"flavors": [{"name": "m1.tiny", "links": [{"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/1", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/1", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 512, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 1, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 1, "id": "1"}, {"name": "m1.small", "links": [{"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/2", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/2", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 2048, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 1, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 20, "id": "2"}, {"name": "m1.medium", "links": [{"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/3", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/3", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 4096, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 2, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 40, "id": "3"}, {"name": "m1.large", "links": [{"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/4", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/4", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 8192, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 4, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 80, "id": "4"}, {"name": "m1.nano", "links": [{"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/42", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/42", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 64, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 1, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 0, "id": "42"}, {"name": "m1.heat", "links": [{"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/451", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/451", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 512, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 1, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 0, "id": "451"}, {"name": "m1.xlarge", "links": [{"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/5", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/5", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 16384, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 8, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 160, "id": "5"}, {"name": "m1.micro", "links": [{"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/v2/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/84", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:8774/32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d/flavors/84", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 128, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 1, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 0, "id": "84"}]}

+-----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------+-----------+

+-----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------+-----------+

| 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

| 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

| 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | | 2 | 1.0 | True |

| 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | | 4 | 1.0 | True |

| 42 | m1.nano | 64 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

| 451 | m1.heat | 512 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

| 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | | 8 | 1.0 | True |

| 84 | m1.micro | 128 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

+-----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------+-----------+

The first two sections are calls the REST APIs, first for the keystone service to Authenticate and receive a token. Responses come as JSON due to the Accept header of application/json . If you look closely, you’ll see that the response actually included an access token and entry point URLs for each of the services that are integrated with keystone. These make up the ServiceCatalog and in this case there are ten.

The second section is the actual call to the nova API. In this case it returns a list of eight flavors. The final section is a tabular view of the JSON response created by the nova command line client.

cURL

If you look closely at the debug output of the examples above, you’ll see that the command line clients use cURL to make HTTP requests. We can already see what the authentication call looks like. Calls directly to cURL look similar. For example, here I call the keystone service to get a list of tenants.

$ curl -i -X GET http://openstack.danielwatrous.com:35357/v2.0/tenants -H "User-Agent: linux-command-line" -H "X-Auth-Token: TOKEN"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2014 20:05:39 GMT

Server: Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu)

Vary: X-Auth-Token

Content-Length: 546

Content-Type: application/json

Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive

Connection: Keep-Alive

{"tenants_links": [], "tenants": [{"description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "1b7f733fa1394b9fb96838d3d7c6feea", "name": "service"}, {"description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "298cfcec9e9e49858e9b8e83d6b7d14e", "name": "demo"}, {"description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "32c13e88d51e49179c28520f688fa74d", "name": "admin"}, {"description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "8536da0aee8149d48e1fe6078dade4bf", "name": "alt_demo"}, {"description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "e66e6a80a6014dd28c7b4c1fcad19448", "name": "invisible_to_admin"}]}

REST Client

On Windows, the tool Fiddler can be used to create REST calls . When fiddler is first started, you may need to turn off capturing of traffic. You can do this from the File menu or by pressing F12. In the right side of the window, choose the composer tab. There you can provide the URL, headers and other HTTP request details. Below you can see a call to Keystone for tokens.

The response can be viewed by selecting the resulting request in the left pane and choosing the Inspectors tab in the right pane. The results can be viewed raw, as shown here.

Fiddler also provides various parsers, including JSON, to make the content easier to visualize.

Resources

The quality of the documentation available for OpenStack APIs is really amazing. Here are a couple of starting points for you.

微信关注我们

原文链接：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/440339

转载内容版权归作者及来源网站所有！

低调大师中文资讯倾力打造互联网数据资讯、行业资源、电子商务、移动互联网、网络营销平台。持续更新报道IT业界、互联网、市场资讯、驱动更新,是最及时权威的产业资讯及硬件资讯报道平台。

IBM发布JumpGate 连接OpenStack和公有云

IBM希望JumpGate能够成为OpenStack私有云和公共云之间的“时空门”。JumpGate是IBM开发的用来解决云管理生态系统碎片化问题的中间件工具，用来吸引更多的云服务商支持OpenStack应用（即使他们没有部署OpenStack）通过连接OpenStack和“其他的云”，IBM希望JumpGate能够成为OpenStack私有云和公共云之间的“时空门”。 JumpGate是IBM开发的用来解决云管理生态系统碎片化问题的中间件工具，用来吸引更多的云服务商支持OpenStack应用（即使他们没有部署OpenStack）。 IBM收购的SoftLyer的工程师Nathan Beittenmiller本周四在博客上发布了JumpGate，目的是为了防止云服务的碎片化危及OpenStack的未来。过去两年IBM在OpenStack上投入大量资源，并围绕智能云项目开发出了大量OpenStack应用。但是在2013年6月收购SoftLayer后，IBM面临一个尴尬的问题，作为OpenStack最大的支持者之一，因为IBM自己收购的云计算技术公司SoftLayer使用的是自行开...

2014-08-21

732

devstack是一套用来给开发人员快速部署Openstack开发环境的脚本，其实对于整个安装过程没有什么好说的，因为脚本写的很完善，全程无脑式安装也没什么大问题，但是因为公司里的网络环境不给力，我的安装过程中还是遇到不少问题，在这里记录一下。系统要求：Ubuntu 12.04（最好是刚安装好纯净系统，因为我之前在安装过Openstack服务的机器上试验过，会出现一些莫名错误）。下面正式开始： 1、安装git： 1 sudo apt-get install git 这个很简单吧，但就是这个还着实让我费了一番力气。因为我担心ubuntu初始的源不给力，所以刚安装好便换成了国内的源，偏偏这国内的源无法安装 git，换了好机会仍然是这样。（网络连接正常，不清楚为什么会这样）只能单独下载包，然后手动安装了，手动安装其实不难（下载到包，之后执行 dpkg -i <包名>），关键是得找对版本。 2、获取devstack脚本： 1 git clone https://github.com/openstack-dev/devstack.git 3、执行： 1 cd devstac...

2014-08-27

761

资源下载

更多资源

Mario

马里奥是站在游戏界顶峰的超人气多面角色。马里奥靠吃蘑菇成长，特征是大鼻子、头戴帽子、身穿背带裤，还留着胡子。与他的双胞胎兄弟路易基一起，长年担任任天堂的招牌角色。

腾讯云软件源

为解决软件依赖安装时官方源访问速度慢的问题，腾讯云为一些软件搭建了缓存服务。您可以通过使用腾讯云软件源站来提升依赖包的安装速度。为了方便用户自由搭建服务架构，目前腾讯云软件源站支持公网访问和内网访问。

Rocky Linux

Rocky Linux（中文名：洛基）是由Gregory Kurtzer于2020年12月发起的企业级Linux发行版，作为CentOS稳定版停止维护后与RHEL（Red Hat Enterprise Linux）完全兼容的开源替代方案，由社区拥有并管理，支持x86_64、aarch64等架构。其通过重新编译RHEL源代码提供长期稳定性，采用模块化包装和SELinux安全架构，默认包含GNOME桌面环境及XFS文件系统，支持十年生命周期更新。

WebStorm

WebStorm 是jetbrains公司旗下一款JavaScript 开发工具。目前已经被广大中国JS开发者誉为“Web前端开发神器”、“最强大的HTML5编辑器”、“最智能的JavaScript IDE”等。与IntelliJ IDEA同源，继承了IntelliJ IDEA强大的JS部分的功能。