iOS开发-Masonry简易教程-低调大师

iOS开发-Masonry简易教程

2017-06-28 718

关于iOS布局自动iPhone6之后就是AutoLayOut，AutoLayOut固然非常好用，不过有时候我们需要在页面手动进行页面布局，VFL算是一种选择，如果对VFL不是很熟悉可以参考iOS开发-VFL(Visual format language)和Autolayout。VFL不复杂，理解起来很容易，实际开发中用的特别熟还好，要是第一次看估计要花点功夫才能搞定。Masonry算是VFL的简化版，用的人比较多，之前项目中用过一次，对手动写页面的开发来说算是福利。

基础知识

首先我们看一个常见的问题将一个子View放在的UIViewController的某个位置，通过设置边距来实现，效果如下:

如果通过VFL我们代码会是这样的:

 
         UIView *superview                               = self.view;
        
         UIView *view1                                   = [[UIView alloc] init];
        
         view1.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
        
         view1.backgroundColor                           = [UIColor redColor];
        
         [superview addSubview:view1];
        
         UIEdgeInsets padding                            = UIEdgeInsetsMake(200, 50, 200, 50);
        
         [superview addConstraints:@[
        
         //约束 
        
         [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 
        
         attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop 
        
         relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual 
        
         toItem:superview 
        
         attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop 
        
         multiplier:1.0 
        
         constant:padding.top], 
        
         [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 
        
         attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft 
        
         relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual 
        
         toItem:superview 
        
         attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft 
        
         multiplier:1.0 
        
         constant:padding.left], 
        
         [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 
        
         attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom 
        
         relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual 
        
         toItem:superview 
        
         attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom 
        
         multiplier:1.0 
        
         constant:-padding.bottom], 
        
         [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 
        
         attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight 
        
         relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual 
        
         toItem:superview 
        
         attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight 
        
         multiplier:1 
        
         constant:-padding.right], 
        
         ]];

只是简单的设置了一个边距，如果视图的关系比较复杂，维护起来会是一个很痛苦的事情，我们看一下Masonry是如何实现的，导入Masonry.h头文件，约束的代码:

 
         UIView  *childView=[UIView 
         new
         ]; 
        
         [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
        
         //先将子View加入在父视图中
        
         [self.view addSubview:childView];
        
         __weak 
         typeof
         (self) weakSelf = self; 
        
         UIEdgeInsets padding = UIEdgeInsetsMake(200, 50, 200, 50);
        
         [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        
         make.edges.equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.insets(padding); 
        
         }];

通过mas_makeConstraints设置边距有种鸟枪换炮的感觉，我们即将开启一段新的旅程，可以紧接着看下面比较实用的功能~

实用知识

1.View设置大小

 
         UIView  *childView=[UIView 
         new
         ]; 
        
         [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
        
         //先将子View加入在父视图中
        
         [self.view addSubview:childView];
        
         __weak 
         typeof
         (self) weakSelf = self; 
        
         [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        
         //设置大小 
        
         make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(100, 100)); 
        
         //居中 
        
         make.center.equalTo(weakSelf.view); 
        
         }];

效果如下:

这里友情其实一个小内容，目前我们设置约束都是通过mas_makeConstraints用来创建约束,mas_updateConstraints用来更新约束，mas_remakeConstraints重置约束，清除之前的约束，保留最新的约束,如果想深入解释下，可以阅读下面的英文解释~

 
         /**
        
         *  Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view. 
        
         *  Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing 
        
         * 
        
         *  @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view. 
        
         * 
        
         *  @return Array of created MASConstraints 
        
         */ 
        
         - (NSArray *)mas_makeConstraints:(
         void
         (^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block; 
        
         /**
        
         *  Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view. 
        
         *  Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing. 
        
         *  If an existing constraint exists then it will be updated instead. 
        
         * 
        
         *  @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view. 
        
         * 
        
         *  @return Array of created/updated MASConstraints 
        
         */ 
        
         - (NSArray *)mas_updateConstraints:(
         void
         (^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block; 
        
         /**
        
         *  Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view. 
        
         *  Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing. 
        
         *  All constraints previously installed for the view will be removed. 
        
         * 
        
         *  @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view. 
        
         * 
        
         *  @return Array of created/updated MASConstraints 
        
         */ 
        
         - (NSArray *)mas_remakeConstraints:(
         void
         (^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block;

2.设置高度，这里设置左右边距，因此不设置宽度，如果想单独设置width可参考高度的设置方式:

 
         UIView  *childView=[UIView 
         new
         ]; 
        
         [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];
        
         //先将子View加入在父视图中
        
         [self.view addSubview:childView];
        
         __weak 
         typeof
         (self) weakSelf = self; 
        
         [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        
         //距离顶部44 
        
         make.top.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_top).with.offset(44); 
        
         //距离左边30 
        
         make.left.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_left).with.offset(30); 
        
         //距离右边30，注意是负数 
        
         make.right.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_right).with.offset(-30); 
        
         //高度150 
        
         make.height.mas_equalTo(@150); 
        
         }];

3.子视图之间的位置设置:

 
         UIView  *childView=[UIView 
         new
         ]; 
        
         [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];
        
         //先将子View加入在父视图中
        
         [self.view addSubview:childView];
        
         __weak 
         typeof
         (self) weakSelf = self; 
        
         [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        
         //距离顶部44 
        
         make.top.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_top).with.offset(44); 
        
         //距离左边30 
        
         make.left.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_left).with.offset(30); 
        
         //距离右边30，注意是负数 
        
         make.right.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_right).with.offset(-30); 
        
         //高度150 
        
         make.height.mas_equalTo(@150); 
        
         }];
        
         //地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofeixiang/
        
         UIView *nextView=[UIView 
         new
         ]; 
        
         [nextView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
        
         [self.view addSubview:nextView];
        
         [nextView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        
         make.top.equalTo(childView.mas_bottom).with.offset(30); 
        
         make.right.equalTo(childView.mas_right).with.offset(-30); 
        
         make.width.mas_equalTo(@100); 
        
         make.height.mas_equalTo(@100); 
        
         }];

4.链式写法，算是一个便利的写法:

 
         UIView  *childView=[UIView 
         new
         ]; 
        
         [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]]; 
        
         //先将子View加入在父视图中 
        
         [self.view addSubview:childView]; 
        
         __weak 
         typeof
         (self) weakSelf = self; 
        
         [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { 
        
         make.top.and.left.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(100); 
        
         make.bottom.and.right.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(-100); 
        
         //第二种写法更简单，相对于就是父视图 
        
         //        make.top.and.left.mas_equalTo(100);
        
         //        make.bottom.and.right.mas_equalTo(-100);
        
         }]; 
        
         UILabel *label=[UILabel 
         new
         ]; 
        
         [label setText:
         @"博客园-FlyElephant"
         ]; 
        
         [label setTextColor:[UIColor redColor]]; 
        
         [label setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter]; 
        
         [self.view addSubview:label]; 
        
         [label mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { 
        
         make.left.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(10); 
        
         make.height.mas_equalTo(20); 
        
         make.right.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(-10); 
        
         make.bottom.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(-50); 
        
         }];

网上关于Masonry的教程很多，给的例子的也很多，这几种情况基本上满足了开发中的需求，不会有太多的出入，算是一个简易版的教程，Masonry的中属性和iOS中的属性是有对应的关系，不过因为很简单，基本上没怎么看，下图是一个对照关系:

本文转自Fly_Elephant博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofeixiang/p/5127825.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者

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原文链接：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/362360

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