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承接上一篇文章🏹「Hystrix」（2）参数配置的详细介绍

• 在这里推荐给大家martinfowler的熔断器介绍和权威指南,有兴趣的小伙伴们可以研究一下哈。

• 主要介绍相关：官网说明

• 关于 【Hystrix如何运行的介绍】的介绍

[背景介绍]

• 分布式系统的规模和复杂度不断增加，随着而来的是对分布式系统可用性的要求越来越高。在各种高可用设计模式中，【熔断、隔离、降级、限流】是经常被使用的。而相关的技术，Hystrix本身早已算不上什么新技术，但它却是最经典的技术体系！。

• Hystrix以实现熔断降级的设计，从而提高了系统的可用性。

• Hystrix是一个在调用端上，实现断路器模式，以及隔舱模式，通过避免级联故障，提高系统容错能力，从而实现高可用设计的一个Java服务组件库。

• Hystrix实现了资源隔离机制

前提介绍

Hystrix的超时检测本质上通过启动单独线程去检测的，线程的执行的时间刚好就是任务超时的时间，本质上就是这么个简单的逻辑。

Hystrix超时后会抛出一个HystrixTimeoutException的异常。

超时检测逻辑

Hystrix的超时包括注册过程和执行过程两个，注册过程如下：

• 执行lift(new HystrixObservableTimeoutOperator<R>(_cmd))关联超时检测任务。

• 在HystrixObservableTimeoutOperator类中，new TimerListener()负责创建检测任务，HystrixTimer.getInstance().addTimerListener(listener)负责关联定时任务。

  • 在HystrixObservableTimeoutOperator类中，addTimerListener通过java的定时任务服务scheduleAtFixedRate在延迟超时时间后执行。

Hystrix的超时执行过程如下：

1. 在超时后执行listener.tick()方法后执行类TimerListener的tick方法

2. 在TimerListener类的tick方法中执行timeoutRunnable.run()后执行HystrixContextRunnable的run方法

3. 在HystrixContextRunnable类run方法中执行child.onError(new HystrixTimeoutException())实现超时。

4. executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation(_cmd).lift(new HystrixObservableTimeoutOperator<R>(_cmd));

private static class HystrixObservableTimeoutOperator<R> implements Operator<R, R> { final AbstractCommand<R> originalCommand; public HystrixObservableTimeoutOperator(final AbstractCommand<R> originalCommand) { this.originalCommand = originalCommand; } @Override public Subscriber<? super R> call(final Subscriber<? super R> child) { final CompositeSubscription s = new CompositeSubscription(); // if the child unsubscribes we unsubscribe our parent as well child.add(s); //capture the HystrixRequestContext upfront so that we can use it in the timeout thread later final HystrixRequestContext hystrixRequestContext = HystrixRequestContext.getContextForCurrentThread(); TimerListener listener = new TimerListener() { @Override public void tick() { if(originalCommand.isCommandTimedOut .compareAndSet(TimedOutStatus.NOT_EXECUTED, TimedOutStatus.TIMED_OUT)) { // report timeout failure originalCommand.eventNotifier.markEvent(HystrixEventType.TIMEOUT, originalCommand.commandKey); // shut down the original request s.unsubscribe(); final HystrixContextRunnable timeoutRunnable = new HystrixContextRunnable( originalCommand.concurrencyStrategy, hystrixRequestContext, new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { child.onError(new HystrixTimeoutException()); } }); timeoutRunnable.run(); } } @Override public int getIntervalTimeInMilliseconds() { return originalCommand.properties.executionTimeoutInMilliseconds().get(); } }; final Reference<TimerListener> tl = HystrixTimer.getInstance().addTimerListener(listener); // set externally so execute/queue can see this originalCommand.timeoutTimer.set(tl); /** * If this subscriber receives values it means the parent succeeded/completed */ Subscriber<R> parent = new Subscriber<R>() { @Override public void onCompleted() { if (isNotTimedOut()) { // stop timer and pass notification through tl.clear(); child.onCompleted(); } } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { if (isNotTimedOut()) { // stop timer and pass notification through tl.clear(); child.onError(e); } } @Override public void onNext(R v) { if (isNotTimedOut()) { child.onNext(v); } } private boolean isNotTimedOut() { // if already marked COMPLETED (by onNext) or succeeds in setting to COMPLETED return originalCommand.isCommandTimedOut.get() == TimedOutStatus.COMPLETED || originalCommand.isCommandTimedOut.compareAndSet(TimedOutStatus.NOT_EXECUTED, TimedOutStatus.COMPLETED); } }; // if s is unsubscribed we want to unsubscribe the parent s.add(parent); return parent; } } public Reference<TimerListener> addTimerListener(final TimerListener listener) { startThreadIfNeeded(); // add the listener Runnable r = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { listener.tick(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("Failed while ticking TimerListener", e); } } }; //这里直接简单粗暴的scheduleAtFixedRate以超时时间作为周期去判断是否执行完成 ScheduledFuture<?> f = executor.get().getThreadPool().scheduleAtFixedRate(r, listener.getIntervalTimeInMilliseconds(), listener.getIntervalTimeInMilliseconds(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); return new TimerReference(listener, f); } public class HystrixContextRunnable implements Runnable { private final Callable<Void> actual; private final HystrixRequestContext parentThreadState; public HystrixContextRunnable(Runnable actual) { this(HystrixPlugins.getInstance().getConcurrencyStrategy(), actual); } public HystrixContextRunnable(HystrixConcurrencyStrategy concurrencyStrategy, final Runnable actual) { this(concurrencyStrategy, HystrixRequestContext.getContextForCurrentThread(), actual); } public HystrixContextRunnable(final HystrixConcurrencyStrategy concurrencyStrategy, final HystrixRequestContext hystrixRequestContext, final Runnable actual) { this.actual = concurrencyStrategy.wrapCallable(new Callable<Void>() { @Override public Void call() throws Exception { actual.run(); return null; } }); this.parentThreadState = hystrixRequestContext; } @Override public void run() { HystrixRequestContext existingState = HystrixRequestContext.getContextForCurrentThread(); try { // set the state of this thread to that of its parent HystrixRequestContext.setContextOnCurrentThread(parentThreadState); // execute actual Callable with the state of the parent try { actual.call(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } finally { // restore this thread back to its original state HystrixRequestContext.setContextOnCurrentThread(existingState); } } }