原文地址：http://kekefund.com/2017/03/30/docker-django/ （本人博客）

Django的运行是基于python的环境，加上django包。在docker中运行django，实现方式是从docker下载python镜像，然后安装django运行所依赖的包。

在https://store.docker.com/images/python?tab=description 中介绍pull镜像方式有一种叫python:onbuild。
这种镜像创建方式根据项目中提供的requirements.txt文件自动pip安装依赖包。大多数情况，通过python:onbuild能创建一个满足工程所需的独立镜像。

一、编写requirements.txt

下述的目录结构是一个Django Rest Framework例子，其中项目名称为restful，app名称为api。

首先我们需要把项目所依赖的包放到requirements.txt中：

Django==1.8 django-bootstrap-toolkit==2.15.0 django-filter==1.0.1 djangorestframework==3.5.4 djangorestframework-jwt==1.10.0 pandas==0.19.2 SQLAlchemy==1.1.4 MySQL-python==1.2.5 

二、编写Dockerfile

本文是基于python2.7制作的，Dockerfile文件如下：

FROM python:2-onbuild CMD [ "python", "./manage.py", "runserver", "0.0.0.0:8000"] 

CMD命令执行Django启动程序，0.0.0.0是对所有IP开放，监听端口8000。
需要说明的是CMD中的每个参数得单独分开，像这样"runserver 0.0.0.0:8000"是运行不成功的。

2.1 pip 国内镜像

先创建pip.conf文件，使用阿里云作为镜像：

[global] index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ [install] trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com 

在创建Dockerfile:

FROM python:3.5 RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/app WORKDIR /usr/src/app COPY pip.conf /root/.pip/pip.conf COPY requirements.txt /usr/src/app/ RUN pip install -r /usr/src/app/requirements.txt RUN rm -rf /usr/src/app COPY . /usr/src/app CMD [ "python", "./manage.py", "runserver", "0.0.0.0:8091"] 

三、构建镜像

• $ docker build -t my-python-app .

[cbb@number_api]$ docker build -t number_api_django:0.3 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 655.9 kB Step 1/2 : FROM python:2-onbuild # Executing 3 build triggers... Step 1/1 : COPY requirements.txt /usr/src/app/ Step 1/1 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt ---> Running in 4711187b3011 Collecting Django==1.8 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) Downloading Django-1.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.2MB) Collecting django-bootstrap-toolkit==2.15.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3)) Downloading django-bootstrap-toolkit-2.15.0.tar.gz Collecting django-filter==1.0.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 4)) Downloading django_filter-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (54kB) Collecting djangorestframework==3.5.4 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5)) Downloading djangorestframework-3.5.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (709kB) Collecting djangorestframework-jwt==1.10.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 6)) Downloading djangorestframework_jwt-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting pandas==0.19.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 7)) Downloading pandas-0.19.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (17.2MB) Collecting SQLAlchemy==1.1.4 (from -r requirements.txt (line 8)) Downloading SQLAlchemy-1.1.4.tar.gz (5.1MB) Collecting MySQL-python==1.2.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 9)) Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB) Collecting PyJWT<2.0.0,>=1.4.0 (from djangorestframework-jwt==1.10.0->-r requirements.txt (line 6)) Downloading PyJWT-1.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting pytz>=2011k (from pandas==0.19.2->-r requirements.txt (line 7)) Downloading pytz-2016.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (483kB) Collecting numpy>=1.7.0 (from pandas==0.19.2->-r requirements.txt (line 7)) Downloading numpy-1.12.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (16.5MB) Collecting python-dateutil (from pandas==0.19.2->-r requirements.txt (line 7)) Downloading python_dateutil-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (194kB) Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from python-dateutil->pandas==0.19.2->-r requirements.txt (line 7)) Installing collected packages: Django, django-bootstrap-toolkit, django-filter, djangorestframework, PyJWT, djangorestframework-jwt, pytz, numpy, python-dateutil, pandas, SQLAlchemy, MySQL-python Running setup.py install for django-bootstrap-toolkit: started Running setup.py install for django-bootstrap-toolkit: finished with status 'done' Running setup.py install for SQLAlchemy: started Running setup.py install for SQLAlchemy: finished with status 'done' Running setup.py install for MySQL-python: started Running setup.py install for MySQL-python: finished with status 'done' Successfully installed Django-1.8 MySQL-python-1.2.5 PyJWT-1.4.2 SQLAlchemy-1.1.4 django-bootstrap-toolkit-2.15.0 django-filter-1.0.1 djangorestframework-3.5.4 djangorestframework-jwt-1.10.0 numpy-1.12.1 pandas-0.19.2 python-dateutil-2.6.0 pytz-2016.10 Step 1/1 : COPY . /usr/src/app ---> 712a54b6b923 Removing intermediate container df33c056f7c0 Removing intermediate container 4711187b3011 Removing intermediate container 6220af43bf96 Step 2/2 : CMD python ./manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 ---> Running in 53c0cf32d840 ---> 17c97bc704d9 Removing intermediate container 53c0cf32d840 Successfully built 17c97bc704d9 [cbb@number_api]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE number_api_django 0.3 17c97bc704d9 23 seconds ago 868 MB 

这样就成功创建了镜像number_api_django:0.3

四、运行容器

• docker run

[cbb@number_api]$ docker run -it --rm -p 8080:8000 --name api1 number_api_django:0.3 Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). March 30, 2017 - 07:34:03 Django version 1.8, using settings 'restful.settings' Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C. 

这样就启动了django程序。